THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR IN ISHIKAWA S ICHIAKU NO SUNA INTO SEGENGGAM PASIR

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1 THESIS THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR IN ISHIKAWA S ICHIAKU NO SUNA INTO SEGENGGAM PASIR I GEDE PARIASA NIM MASTER PROGRAM LINGUISTIC PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2016 i

2 THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR IN ISHIKAWA S ICHIAKU NO SUNA INTO SEGENGGAM PASIR Thesis for obtaining a Master Degree In the Master Program, Linguistic Program in Translation Studies Postgraduate Program, Udayana University I GEDE PARIASA NIM MASTER PROGRAM LINGUISTIC PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2016 ii

3 APPROVAL SHEET THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED ON APRIL 21 th, 2016 Supervisor I, Supervisor II, Dr. Drs. I Made Rajeg, M.Hum. NIP Dr. Dra. I Gusti Ayu Gde Sosiowati, M.A. NIP Acknowledged by Head of Master Program In Linguistic Department Postgraduate Program, Director of Postgraduate Program Udayana University, Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A. NIP Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S(K). NIP iii

4 This Thesis Has Been Examined on Date APRIL 21 th, The Board of Examiners according to Degree of Rector of Udayana University No. 1893/UN14.4/HK/2016 on APRIL 21 th, 2016 Chairman : Dr. Drs. I Made Rajeg, M.Hum. Members : 1. Dr. Dra. IGusti Ayu Gde Sosiowati, M.A. 2. Prof. Drs. Ketut Artawa, M.A.,Ph.D. 3. Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum. 4. Dr. I Made Netra, M.Hum. iv

5 SURAT PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT Saya yang bertandatangan di bawahini: Nama : I GedePariasa NIM : Program Studi : S2 Linguistik (terjemahan) JudulTesis : THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR IN ISHIKAWA S ICHIAKU NO SUNAINTO SEGENGGAM PASIR Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah tesis ini bebas plagiat. Apabila dikemudian hari terbukti plagiat dalam karya ilmiah ini, maka saya bersedia menerima sangsi sesuai Peraturan Mendiknas RI No. 17 tahun 2010 dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Denpasar, 2016 (I Gede Pariasa) v

6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The divine grace of God (Ida Sang HyangWidiWasa) shares His remarkable blessing unevenly to all being. Therefore, this thesis can be completed in the right time as a requirement to obtain Master Degree in Linguistics. Basically, this thesis is concerning with the translation of metaphor in Japanese Indonesian translation, and it is honestly realized far from being perfect. Suggestions, corrections, advices, and constructive supports of all parties are greatly expected for the improvement of this thesis. In the means time, I would like to express my highest appreciation and to deliver my special thanks to several people for their beneficial contribution to completion of this thesis. First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof.Dr. dr. Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD.KEMPD. as the rector of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S(K). as the director of Postgraduate Program, Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A. as the Head of Master Program in Linguistics, and the lectures in Master Program in the Department of Linguistics who give abundance contributions during this thesis writing. I am immensely indebted to my supervisors; Dr. Drs. I Made Rajeg, M.Hum. (Supervisor), and Dr.Dra.I Gusti Ayu Gde Sosiowati, M.A. (Co. Supervisor)who has kindly and patiently delivered their performance, sharing their constructive corrections, suggestions, supports and beneficial advices continuously. I would like to express also my gratitude to all process of teaching and learning until the end of the program. In addition, a highest appreciation is also addressed to administrative staffs; I Ketut Ebuh, vi

7 S.Sos., Ni Nyoman Adi Triani, S.E., I Nyoman Sadra, S.S., I Guti Ayu Supadmini, librarians, and all parties of Master Program in Linguistics who have performed their excellent contributions. My highest appreciation is also addressed to my friend: CisatoYosioka for her contributions and support. Special thanks to my parents: I Ketut Kerti and Ni Nyoman Kasihani, and my sister: Ni Ketut Nugrahaning Ari, for their profound advices and support continuously, last but not least, special thanks and highest appreciations are also addressed to my beloved wife, Ni Wayan Restuwati, my doughter: Ni Putu Indira Githa Pradnyaswari, for their warmest supports, assistants, and dedication during the completion of this thesis. Finally, I hope this thesis will be beneficial for all parties, and it is expected to be able to give a meaningful contribution to the study of translation. vii

8 ABSTRAK THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR IN ISHIKAWA S ICHIAKU NO SUNA INTO SEGENGGAM PASIR Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi untuk mengantarkan suatu informasi dari satu individu keyanglainnya. Dalam komunikasi bahasa yang berbeda perlu dilakukan sebuah penerjemahan supaya pesan yang ingin disampaikan tercapai. Secara teoritis terjemahan melibatkan dua sistem bahasa yang berbeda dengan menitik beratkan pada bahasa sumber dan bahasa target. Metafora merupakan bagian dari bahasa kiasan yang bersifat sentral dalam penerjemahan. Hal ini karena metafora bukan hanya kata-kata tetapi merupakan konsep dari sebuah pemikiran untuk menyampaikan sesuatu hal dengan hal yang berbeda supaya lebih indah dalam mengekspresikan sebuah emosi. Kompleksitas makna dan konsep metafora dalam setiap bahasa, termasuk bahasa Jepang merupakan aspek yang sangat menantang dan menarik untu kdieksplorasi. Karenaitu, dipandang perlu untuk mendeskripsikan tentang cara mengidentifikasikan metafora, setrategi penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menterjemah kanmetafora, menjelaskan pergeseran bentuk penerjemahannya dan mengidentifikasi konsep-konsep metafora yang ada dalam bahasa sumber dan bahasa target. Untuk mengidentifikasi metafora yang terdapat dalam bahasa sumber dan bahasa target digunakan prosedur identifikasi metafora, untuk mendiskripsikan setrategipenerjemahan yang digunakan dalam menterjemahkan menggunakan teori penerjemahan (setrategi penerjemahan) dan teori pergeseran penerjemahan untuk mendeskripsikan pergeseran yang terjadi dalam proses penerjemahan. Sementara itu, teori metafora konseptual digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi konsep-konsep metafora. Sejumlah metafora konseptual telah ditemukan dalam penelitian metafora pada data Takuboku Ishikawa dan Segenggam Pasir (2000),antara lain: EMOSI ADALAH PANAS, KEBAIKAN ADALAH PUTIH, CINTA ADALAH MABUK, KEPALA ADALAH WADAH, BERSIH ADALAH SEHAT, CINTA ADALAH SUKA DAN DUKA, HIDUP ADALAH HARI, CINTA ADALAH ENTITAS, SEDIH ADALAH KEKUATAN, KESEDIHAN ADALAH KETIDAK STABILAN, SEDIH ADALAH BARANG YANG TIDAK BERHARGA, BAHAGIA ADALAH MENARI. Sejumlah setrategi penerjemahan telah ditemukan antara lain: (1) memproduksi kesan (image) yang sama di bahasa target, (2) mengganti kesan (image) yang ada dalambahasa sumber dengan bahasa yang standar di dalam bahasa target, (3) menterjemahkan metafora menjadi metafora, (4) konversi metafora kepengertian (sense), (5) penghapusan. Pergeseran penerjemahan yang ditemukanantara lain: (1) pergeserat unit, (2) pergeseran struktur. Kata kunci: terjemahan, metafora, prosedur identifikasi metafora, pergeseran penerjemahan, metafora konseptual viii

9 ABSTRACT THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHOR IN ISHIKAWA S ICHIAKU NO SUNA INTO SEGENGGAM PASIR Language is a communication tool to deliver the information from one individual to another. Translation is need in different languages in order to convey the message. Theoretically translation system involves two different languages with emphasis on the source language and the target language. Metaphor is part of figurative language that is central in translation. This is because the metaphor is not just the words but the concept of a thought to convey something with different things to make it more beautiful in expressing an emotion. The complexity of the meaning and conceptual metaphor in every language, including Japanese is an aspect that is very challenging and interesting to explore. Therefore, that it is necessary to describe how to identify metaphor, find out the translation strategy of metaphor, describes the translation shift of metaphor and identify the conceptual metaphor in source language and target language. To identify metaphor in source language and the target language use the theory metaphor identification procedure, to describe the translation strategy use the theory translation strategy and translation shift theory to describe the shift in the translation process. Meanwhile, the theory of conceptual metaphor is usein order to analyze the conceptual metaphor. A number of the types of conceptual metaphors are found in a series of this studies, that are; EMOTIONAL IS HEAT, VIRTUE IS WHITE, LOVE IS DRUNK, HEAD IS CONTAINER, CLEAR IS HEALTHY, LOVE IS HAPPY AND SAD, LIFE IS A DAY, LOVE IS ENTITY, SAD IS FORCE, SAD IS INSTABILITY, SAD IS WORTHLESS GOODS, HAPPY IS DANCE. The translation strategy has been found that are: (1) Reproducing the same image in TL, (2) Replace the image in the SL with a standard TL image, (3) Translation of metaphor by metaphor, (4) Conversion of metaphor to sense, and (5) Deletion. The types of translation shifts are found in the process of translating the metaphor are; (1) Units shifts, and (2) Structure shifts. Key words: Translation, Metaphor, Metaphor Identification Procedure, Translation Shifts, Conceptual Metaphor. ix

10 LIST OF DIAGRAMS Diagram 1 Research Model Diagram 2 Metaphor Item. 104 Diagram 3 Types of Conceptual Metaphor 117 Diagram 4 Translation of Metaphor into Metaphor Diagram 5 Translation of Metaphor into not Metaphor. 131 Diagram 6 Unit Shifts. 136 Diagram 7 Structure Shifts 137 x

11 LIST OF ABBREVIATION SL TL MIP : Source Language : Target Language : Metaphor Identification Procedure. xi

12 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE TITLE PREREQUISITE... APPROVAL SHEET... THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS.... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... ABSTRACT..... LIST OF DIAGRAMS. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.. TABLE OF CONTENTS.... Page i iii iv vi viii x xi xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Problems of the Study Aims of the Study Significance of the Study Scope of the Study CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH MODEL Literature Review Concepts Translation Metaphor Theoretical Framework Metaphor Strategies of Translating Metaphor Translation Shifts Research Model.. 25 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD Research Approach Data Source Method and Technique of Collecting Data Method and Technique of Analyzing Data Method and Technique of Presenting Data CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS DATA Analysis Plan Metaphor Identification Conceptual Metaphor Analysis Translation Strategy Reproducing the Same Image in the TL Replace the Image in the SL with a Standard TL Image xii

13 4.4.3 Translation of Metaphor by Metaphor Conversion of Metaphor into Sense Deletion Translation Shifts Unit Shifts Structure Shifts CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusions Suggestions 139 BIBLIOGRAPHY xiii