Acknowledgements. First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillahhirabbil alamin. My utmost

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1 ǀ vii Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillahhirabbil alamin. My utmost gratitude goes to Allah SWT, for His endless blessing and amazing life given to me. I owe my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my graduating paper consultant, Drs. Tofan Dwi Hardjanto, M.A., who kind-heartedly supports, motivates, helps, and guides me in finishing the research. A lot of thanks also go to my academic supervisor, Rahmawan Jatmiko, S.S., M.A., for his guidance in my three-half year study, and also to all the lecturers in the English Department Universitas Gadjah Mada, who have shared their knowledge with me. I would also like to extend my grateful thanks to all of my friends in the English Department 2010 for their kindness and encouragement toward everything, especially Rangers, and those who have shared their time and experience with me. I thank them for having shared such beautiful moments with me. Special thanks also go to my beloved parents, who endlessly support and remind me to finish this graduating paper. All of my family members who have been a reminder for me to finish this graduating paper. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved partner, Erry Dwi Hartanto. I thank him for his support, advice, thoughts, criticism and help in finishing my graduating paper. There were moments when I doubted that I could finish this graduating paper as planned yet these people never let me give up. Najih Suraya

2 ǀ viii The Non Observance of Gricean Maxims in The Movie Series Sherlock Holmes Abstract This research paper attempts to investigate the non-observance of Gricean maxims in the movie series Sherlock Holmes. In particular, it attempts to identify and classify the flouting of the maxims found in the movie. The data used in this research were dialogues containing expressions of the non-observance of Gricean maxims. Based on the data analysis, 75 cases of the flouting of Gricean maxims were found: 20 (26.6 %) cases showed the flouting of the quality maxim, 8 (10.6%) the flouting of the quantity maxim, 17 (22.6%) the flouting of the relevance maxim, 20 (26.6 %) the flouting of the manner maxim, and 10 (13.3%) the flouting of a combination of maxims. It was found in this research that the flouting of the quality maxims and the flouting of the manner maxims are considered as most commonly used strategies in the movie. Key words: context, speech acts, implicature, cooperative principle, observance, and non-observance of Gricean maxims

3 ǀ ix Ketidaktaatan Penggunaan Maksim-Maksim Grice di Film Seri Sherlock Holmes Intisari Skripsi ini meneliti tentang ketidaktaatan terhadap maksim-maksim Grice dalam film serial Sherlock Holmes. Secara khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan flouting dari maksim yang ditemukan dalam film tersebut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dialog yang berisi ungkapan ketidaktaatan terhadap maksim-maksim Grice. Hasil dari skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 75 kasus flouting dari maksim-maksim Grice: 20 (26,6%) kasus menunjukkan flouting maksim kualitas, 8 (10,6%) flouting maksim kuantitas, 17 (22,6%) flouting maksim relevansi, 20 (26,6%) flouting maksim cara, dan 10 (13,3%) flouting dari kombinasi maksim. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa flouting dari maksim kualitas dan maksim cara dianggap sebagai strategi yang paling umum digunakan oleh penutur dalam film. Kata kunci: konteks, tindak tutur, implikatur, prinsip kerjasama, ketaatan, dan ketidaktaatan terhadap maksim-maksim Grice.

4 ǀ x Table of Contents Approval sheet Admission sheet Dedication sheet Motto Acknowledgements Abstract Intisari Table of Contents List of Tables List of Abbreviation iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xiii xiv CHAPTER I: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1. Background of Choosing the Subject Objectives of the research Scope of the research Research Methods Presentation 4 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1. Literature Review Theoretical Framework Context 7

5 ǀ xi Speech Acts Implicatures Cooperative Principle 21 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 3.1. Data sources Methods of Data Collection and Data Analysis 29 CHAPTER IV: THE FLOUTING OF GRICEAN MAXIMS IN THE MOVIE SERIES SHERLOCK HOLMES 4.1. The flouting of the quality maxim The flouting of the quantity maxim The flouting of the relevance maxim The flouting of the manner maxim The flouting of the combination of maxims The flouting of the quantity and manner maxims The flouting of the quality and relevance maxims The flouting of the quality and quantity maxims The flouting of the relevance and manner maxims The flouting of the relevance, quality, and manner maxims 54 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 56

6 ǀ xii REFERENCES 58 APPENDIX 60

7 ǀ xiii List of Tables Table 1. The form function relationship in speech acts 16 Table 2. The frequency of the flouting of Gricean maxims in the movie series Sherlock Holmes 34

8 ǀ xiv List of Abbreviations GCI PCI QL QT R M C Generalized Conversational Implicature Particularized Conversational Implicature the flouting of the quality maxim the flouting of the quantity maxim the flouting of the relevance maxim the flouting of the manner maxim the flouting combination of the maxims