AN ANALYSIS OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANGELA S ASHES

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1 AN ANALYSIS OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANGELA S ASHES BY FRANK McCOURT A THESIS BY MITA JUNIARTHA TARIGAN REG. STUDENT NO: ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2010

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise and grateful to the almighty God, and his son Jesus Christ who always given me blessing, power, strength and love in my entire life and in terms of my study, especially in completing this thesis. There are so many steps have been done by me to make this thesis complete and ready to presented as a thesis of the first graduate. I get so many helps, support and motivation from many people to process of doing this thesis, from the beginning until the end. First, I would like to thanks to my supervisor and co-supervisor, Dra. Martha Pardede, M.S and Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.hum for their guidance, support, advice and constructive comments during the writing of this thesis. My sincere gratitude also go to the dean of faculty of letters, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the head and the secretary of English department, Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, Dr. Nurlela, M.hum, and all the lectures, and the staffs of English Department for the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this university. My special thanks to my beloved parents, Jacob Tarigan and Rosida Malau. I really thank for you support, suggestion and especially for your unconditional love, prayers, cares until the end of my study. Both of you are my spirit and motivation. I also would like to thanks to my beloved sister, Febrina Tarigan, who always gives me love, prayer and be my twin-liked. Besides that, my beloved brother, Valentino Tarigan, thank for all of your love and support, and

3 always be my cute-bro. For Zidan and Fariz, thanks for making me smile every time I meet you both and always be my little brothers. Furthermore, my great thanks are for all of my friends in MMM s group, Abrina Simanjuntak, Nurianti Sitorus, Windy Sebayang, Elisa Simanjuntak, Liana, and Andric Affandy. Rock on MMM!. I really thank for being my good friend and I will always remember the nice moment we have spent together. The last but not least, Nona Novi Hartanti Sumbayak who always supports, and has became the good-hearer for me. My gratitude is also due to all my friends in English Literature especially in 2007 stamp, hopefully we all will achieve success. I also state my thankful for all who help me in finishing my thesis that I can t mention one by one, May Jesus bless us all forever. Medan, February 2011 The Writer Mita Juniartha Tarigan

4 ABSTRACT Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Moral Development in Angela Ashes by Frank McCourt. Skripsi ini menganalisa perkembangan moral yang dialami oleh tokoh utama, Frank, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai konflik baik dari dalam maupun dari luar diri Frank. Adapun metode yang dipakai penulis dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori psikologi tentang tingkatan-tingkatan perkembangan moral oleh Jean Piaget dan didukung pula oleh teori sastra yaitu teori tentang konflik. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah penulis lakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Frank mengalami perkembangan moral yaitu dari tingkatan moral heteronomous yang didominasi oleh konflik dari luar terutama dari orang tua dan orang dewasa lainnya, menuju tingkat moral autonomous yang dipengaruhi oleh konflik dari luar dan di dominasi oleh konflik dari dalam diri Frank sendiri.

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of Analysis The Problem of Analysis The Objective of Analysis The Scope of Analysis The Significance of Analysis The Theoretical Approach The Review of Related Literature... 5 CHAPTER II METHOD OF ANALYSIS 2.1 Data Collecting Procedure Data Selecting Procedure Data Analyzing Procedure.. 8 CHAPTER III THEORETICAL REVEW 3.1 Literature and Psychology Psychology of Literature Moral Development Definition of Morality.. 11

6 3.3.2 A Brief Explanation of Moral Development The Dimension of Moral Development The Stage of Moral Development by Piaget Theory of Conflict 17 CHAPTER IV AN ANALYSIS OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANGELA S ASHES BY FRANK McCOURT 4.1 Frank s Heteronomous Morality Level Frank s Autonomous Morality Level.. 33 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion Suggestion 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX