THESIS ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES USING PREPOSITIONS BY, WITH, AND WITHOUT AND THEIR TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCES IN INDONESIAN

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1 THESIS ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES USING PREPOSITIONS BY, WITH, AND WITHOUT AND THEIR TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCES IN INDONESIAN I WAYAN SUARDHANA POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2015

2 THESIS ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES USING PREPOSITIONS BY, WITH, AND WITHOUT AND THEIR TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCES IN INDONESIAN I WAYAN SUARDHANA NIM MASTER PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2015

3 ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES USING PREPOSITIONS BY, WITH, AND WITHOUT AND THEIR TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCES IN INDONESIAN Thesis is as a fulfillment to obtain a Master Degree in Translation Studies Postgraduate Program Udayana University I WAYAN SUARDHANA NIM MASTER PROGRAM LINGUISTIC PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2015 ii

4 iii APPROVAL SHEET This thesis was approved on August, 18 th 2015 by First Supervisor Second Supervisor Dr. Ni Wayan Sukarini, M.Hum Dr. I Made Rajeg, M.Hum NIP NIP Acknowledged by Head of Master Program In Linguistic Department Postgraduate Program Udayana University, Director of Postgraduate Program Udayana University, Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A NIP Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp. S (K) NIP iii

5 This thesis has been examined by the Board of Examiners on August, 18 th 2015 The examiner committee of thesis based on Decree of Rector of Udayana University No: 2571/UN14.4/HK/2015 dated August, 18 th 2015 Board of Examiners: Chairman : Dr. Ni Wayan Sukarini, M.Hum Members : 1. Dr. I Made Rajeg, M.Hum 2. Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati, M.A 3. Dr. I Nyoman Sedeng, M. Hum 4. Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M. Hum iv

6 SURAT PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : I Wayan Suardhana NIM : Program Studi : Magister (S2) Linguistik Konsentrasi : Penerjemahan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana Judul Thesis : English Prepositional Phrases Using Prepositions By, With, and Without and Their Translation Equivalences in Indonesian dengan ini menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah Thesis ini bebas dari plagiat. Apabila dikemudian hari terbukti terdapat plagiat dalam karya ilmiah ini, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi semua peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia No. 17 tahun 2010 dan peraturan perundang - undangan yang berlaku. Denpasar, Agustus 2015 I Wayan Suardhana v

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is in regard to the analysis of English Prepositional Phrases Using Prepositions By, With, and Without and their translation equivalences in Indonesian. The purpose of this study is basically to give more understanding in the application of some theories that are the procedures, principles, and shift of translation in the translation process. It is conducted on the basis of library research. But I was born in the darkest ignorance and my spiritual master opened my eyes with the torch of knowledge. So I offer my respectful obeisances unto him. In writing this thesis, through him as well, I received causeless mercies from the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna, for which I firstly dedicate my sincere obeisances, worship, and thankful prayers of praise unto Him so that this thesis as a requirement to obtain a Master Degree in Applied Linguistics could be finally completed although not in due course. Besides that, I also received some encouragements from English lecturers at the English Department, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Udayana University. My best appreciation is given to them. In this oppoturnity, the expression of my best gratitude also goes to the following: 1. The Rector of Udayana University for giving me the opportunity to attend postgraduate studies at Udayana University 2. The Director and the Assistant Director with all staff of postgraduate program, Udayana University, for giving me an opportunity to improve my language skill vi

8 3. The Head and Secretary with all staff of Master Program in Linguistics, Udayana University, for their assistance during the studying process 4. Dr..Ni Wayan Sukarini, M.Hum as my first supervisor and Dr.I Made Rajeg, M.Hum as my second supervisor for their patience in guiding and assisting me to check and revise the manuscript 5. Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati, M.A, Dr. I Nyoman Sedeng, M. Hum and Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M. Hum as members of examining board for their research academic suggestions. In line with all the above, I also privately wish to share and address my grateful appreciation to my beloved families; great parent, loyal wife, patient children, and the other ones that cannot be mentioned here one by one, for their encouragements, moral supports, and strong spirits. Last but not least, I deeply expect that this thesis will be helpful and useful reference for the ones who want to do a deeper study in translation and in particular for the English-Indonesian translators. Being awfully aware that this thesis is quite far from being perfect due to my lack of competence in completing this thesis, therefore, the constructive criticism and suggestion are very much appreciated. Denpasar, August 2015 I Wayan Suardhana vii

9 ABSTRACT The study entitled English Prepositional Phrases Using Prepositions By, With, and Without and Their Translation Equivalences in Indonesian is about the process of translating the prepositional phrase of the source language (English) into the target language (Indonesian). This study is aimed at answering three questions elaborated in section of problems of study; the first is what types of lexical and syntactical forms of the English prepositional phrases by, with, and without are found in Indonesian, the second one is what types of procedures, principles, and shifts of translation do occur in the process of translating the English prepositional phrases by, with, and without in Indonesian, and the third one is what is the closest equivalence of the English prepositional phrases by, with, and without in Indonesian. In this study, the mothod applied was the descriptive-qualitative as the explanation was related to social matter which was in obtaining the data conducted through library research by the techniques of observation and notestaking. The data in this study was acquired from texts of the Vedic scripture Bhagavad-Gita As It Is by A.C Bhaktivedanta Svami Prabhupada and its translation in Indonesian Bhagavad-Gita Menurut Aslinya. From the texts, there was obtained many kinds of data related to the prepositional phrases by, with, and without which then were analyzed. The process of analysis was done according to theory developed by Vinay and Darbelnet (2000) that is about seven procedures of translation, by Nida (1975) on loss, gain and skewing of information, and by Catford (2000) in shifting. The analysis was on the occurrence of shift in the process of translating the English prepositional phrases by, with, and without into Indonesian, the strategies used in the translation of the prepositional phrases and also the occurrence of the loss, gain of information in translating the prepositional phrase by, with, and without. Besides, it was also on the finding of lexical and syntactical forms and the closest equivalence of the English prepositional phrases with prepositions by, with, and without in Indonesian. Eventually, the data which have been analyzed reveals that in the first finding, English and Indonesian had their own lexical and syntactical forms and they also had some similarities and more differences, in the second one, the procedure applied by the translator were literal translation or word per word translation, borrowing, transposition, and modulation. Furthermore, loss and gain of information also occured in some data, and the level and category shift both occured specifically on the structure, class, unit, and intra-system shift. In the last finding of the prepositional phrase, preposition by had the closest equivalent of oleh, with dengan and without tanpa Keywords: prepositional phrase, lexical, syntactical, shift, procedures, equivalence viii

10 ABSTRAK Studi yang berjudul English Prepositional Phrases Using Prepositions By, With, and Without and Their Translation Equivalences in Indonesian adalah mengenai proses penerjemahan frasa preposisi dari bahasa sumber (Bahasa Inggris) ke bahasa target (Bahasa Indonesia). Studi ini bertujuan menjawab tiga pertanyaan yang dipaparkan di bagian masalah; yang pertama, apa tipe bentuk leksikal dan sintaktikal frasa preposisi bahasa Inggris by, with, dan without dalam bahasa Indonesia, kedua, apa jenis prosedur, prinsip, dan shift terjemahan yang terjadi dalam proses penerjemahan frasa preposisi bahasa Inggris by, with, dan without ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, dan ketiga, apa kesepadanan terdekat frasa preposisi bahasa Inggris dengan preposisi by, with, dan without ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Dalam studi ini digunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif karena dalam penjelasanannya berhubungan dengan masalah sosial yang, di dalam pengumpulan data, dilakukan melalui penelitian perpustakaan dengan teknik observasi dan catat. Data dalam studi ini didapatkan dari teks Kitab Suci Veda Bhagavad-Gita As It Is oleh A.C Bhaktivedanta Svami Prabhupada dan terjemahannya dalam bahasa Indonesia Bhagavad-Gita menurut Aslinya. Dari sumber data didapat berbagai jenis data yang berhubungan dengan frasa preposisi by, with, dan without. Proses analisis dilakukan berdasarkan teori yang dikembangkan oleh Vinay dan Darbelnet (2000) mengenai tujuh prosedur penerjemahan, oleh Nida (1975) tentang pengurangan, penambahan, dan skewing informasi, dan oleh Catford (2000) tentang terjemahan shift. Analisisnya terletak pada terjadinya shift dalam proses terjemahan frasa preposisi bahasa Inggris by, with, dan without dalam bahasa Indonesia, strategi yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan dan terjadinya pengurangan, penambahan informasi dalam penerjemahan. Selain itu, ini juga tertuju pada penemuan bentuk leksikal dan sintaktikal serta kesepadanan terdekat dari frasa preposisi bahasa Inggris dengan preposisi by, with, dan without dalam bahasa Indonesia. Pada akhirnya, data yang telah dianalisis menunjukkan bahwa di dalam temuan pertama bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia memiliki bentuk leksikal dan sintaktikal tersendiri dan juga memiliki beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan lebih banyak, yang kedua, prosedur yang digunakan dalam terjemahan frasa preposisi bahasa Inggris dengan preposisi by, with, dan without dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah terjemahan langsung atau per-kata, peminjaman, tranposisi, dan modulasi. Disamping itu, pengurangan dan penambahan informasi juga terjadi dalam proses penerjemahan beberapa data, dan shift level dan kategori keduanya terjadi secara spesifik pada tataran struktur, kelas, unit, dan shift intra-system. Pada temuan terakhir dalam frasa preposisi, preposisi by mempunyai kesepadanan terdekat oleh, with dengan, dan without tanpa. Kata kunci: frasa preposisi, leksikal, sintaktikal, shift, prosedur, kesepadanan. ix

11 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT INSIDE FRONT COVER... TITLE PREREQUISITE... APPROVAL SHEET... BOARD OF EXAMINER... DECLARATION LETTER NON PLAGIARISM... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... ABSTRACT... ABSTRAK... TABLE OF CONTENTS... LIST OF FIGURES... ABBREVIATION AND SYMBOLS... Page i ii iii iv v vi viii ix x xii xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Problems of the Study Objectives of the Study Scope of study Significance of the Study... 7 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPT AND THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK Literature Review Concepts Translation Translation Equivalence Preposition Prepositional Phrase Theoretical Framework Procedures of Translation Translation Principles Translation Shifts CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD Data Source Method and Technique of Collecting Data Method and Technique of Analyzing Data Method and Technique of Presenting Analyzed Data Research Model x

12 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES WITH PREPOSITIONS BY, WITH, AND WITHOUT AND THEIR TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCES IN INDONESIAN Prepositional Phrase Using Preposisiton BY Prepositional Phrase Using Preposisiton WITH Prepositional Phrase Using Preposisiton WITHOUT The Closest Equivalent of Preposisitonal Phrases with Prepositions BY, WITH, and WITHOUT in Indonesian CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusions Suggestions BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES xi

13 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES 1. Diagram of Translation Process Diagram of Research Model Diagram of Equivalence Analysis xii

14 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS A : Adjunct Adj : Adjective Adj.P : Adjectival Phrase Adv : Adverb Adv.P : Adverb Phrase Art : Article App.P : Appossition Phrase BG : Bhagavad-gita C : Complement CL : Clause Conj : Conjunction D : Determiner E.g : Example N : Noun Neg : Negation NP : Noun Phrase P : Preposition Poss.Adj : Possesive Adjective Poss.Pro : Possesive Pronoun PP : Prepositional Phrase xiii

15 Pred : Predicate Pro : Pronoun Rel.Pro : Relative Pronoun S : Subject SL : Source Language SLT : Source Language Text TL : Target Language TLT : Target Language Text V : Verb VP : Verb Phrase : Related To : The process of ( ) : Extra Information / : Other meaning of Definition : Quotation Mark xiv