Swasti Nareswari. Student Number: ENGLISH LETTER STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2004

Transkripsi

1 THE REALIZATION OF THE JAVANESE REQUEST PATTERN: A CASE STUDY OF A JAVANESE FAMILY A THESIS By Swasti Nareswari Student Number: ENGLISH LETTER STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2004

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3 TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE OF TITLE COVER PAGE A THESIS APPROVAL...ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS...iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...iv TABLE OF CONTENT...vi ABSTRACT...viii ABSTRAK...x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION Background of the study Scope of the study Problem formulation Objective of the study Significance of the study Definition of terms...7 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW Speech Act The definition of linguistics politeness Factors influencing politeness in request Politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson...12

4 2.4.1 Positive politeness Negative politeness An overview of the politeness in Javanese Culture...25 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data collection Participant Instrument procedure Data analysis...32 CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The request pattern based on the theory of Brown and Levinson Realization of the request patterns based on the tingkat tutur speech Level...46 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion Suggestion...53 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES

5 Abstract In conveying a request someone should take politeness into account. Making a request means a person is imposing others and in order to achieve his or her goal, someone should maintain the relationship with other people. The request pattern will be different depending on the intimacy of a person whom he/she is talking to. In this study, the writer attempts to identify the request pattern in a family setting, especially in a Javanese family. The request pattern is analyzed using the theory of politeness from Brown and Levinson and is based on the tingkat tutur (speech level) of Javanese language. The goal of this study is to find out the politeness of request used by Javanese family and to identify the realization of utterance of request based on the theory of Brown and Levinson. In collecting the data, the writer became the participant of that family. She recorded and took notes of the conversation. The results of this study show that the request patterns sound direct although there are some request patterns which sound harsh or even impolite due to the fact that the conversation took place in a family setting. Yet, it is essential to note that in a family setting there is an intimacy and close relationship so that those request patterns cannot be said as impolite or rude. In addition, the members of the family used more positive politeness in requesting. With regard to the speech level, the request patterns used by the member of the family do not always apply the appropriate speech level. Only the parents who master the Javanese language better apply the correct speech level. The children, on the contrary, do not use the appropriate speech level. They tend to use the low speech (ngoko) level even though

6 when they talk to their parents. This condition is triggered by the existing of Bahasa Indonesia that does not have the complicated system in expressing distance and power.

7 Abstrak Dalam mengutarakan sebuah permintaan, seseorang harus memperhatikan tentang kesopanan. Ketika meminta tolong atau bantuan, seseorang berarti memaksakan sesuatu pada orang lain. Agar tujuan orang tersebut dapat tercapai, maka dia harus dapat memelihara hubungan yang baik dengan orang lain. Request pattern dapat berbeda-beda tergantung pada keakraban orang tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menganalisa tentang request pattern di satu keluarga Jawa. Request pattern ini dianalisa dari teori kesopanan Brown dan Levinson serta ditinjau dari tingkat tutur bahasa Jawa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui request pattern yang sering dipakai oleh anggota keluarga Jawa dan mengidentifikasi hal tersebut berdasarkan teori kesopanan Brown and Levinson. Untuk melengkapi data yang dibutuhkan, penulis menjadi salah satu anggota keluarga tersebut dan juga merekam percakapan yang terjadi serta menulis beberapa pola permintaan yang tidak sempat/dapat direkam. Dikarenakan percakapan ini terjadi di kelurga, maka request patterns terkesan langsung. Bahkan ada beberapa request pattern yang terdengar kasar atau tidak sopan. Tetapi perlu diingat bahwa percakapan ini terjadi dalam sebuah keluarga yang mempuanyi hubungan yang sangat erat. Oleh karena itu hal ini tidak bisa diputuskan serta merta sebagai bentuk yang tidak sopan. Berdasarkan tingkat tutur, request pattern yang dipakai keluarga Jawa sering tidak mengindahkan aturan yang benar.

8 Hanya orang tua yang lebih menguasai bahasa Jawa yang mengaplikasikan aturan tingkat tutur secara benar. Sebaliknya, anak-anak tidak menggunakan aturan tingkat tutur secara tepat. Mereka lebih cenderung untuk menggunakan ngoko jika berbicara kepada orang tua mereka. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan generasi antara orang tua dan anak-anak. Hal ini dipicu dengan adanya Bahasa Indonesia yang mempunyai aturan yang tidak begitu kompleks tentang tingkatan jarak dan kuasa.