DAFTAR PUSTAKA. 1. Hill A. Neonatal seizures. Pediatrics in review. 2000; 21:

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1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Hill A. Neonatal seizures. Pediatrics in review. 2000; 21: Volpe JJ. Neurology of the Newborn. Elsevier Health Sciences, Markum A, Ismael S, Alatas H, Akib A, Firmansyah A and Sastroasmoro S. Buku ajar ilmu kesehatan anak. Jilid I Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia Jakarta Sheth RD. Neonatal Seizure. Medscape L Hellstrom-Westas IA-W, J Agren, K Kallen. Incidence and risk factors for neonatal seizure in Sweden. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2008; Alberto Verrotti GL, Paola Cicioni, Claudio De Felice. New Trends in Neonatal Seizures. Journal of Pediatric Neurology Swaiman. Pediatric Neurology Principles and Practice. 5 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier 2012, p Saliba Rima M FJA, Kim Waller D. Risk Factors for Neonatal Seizure: A Population-based Study, Harris y, Texas, American Journal of Epidemiology. 2001; Hannah C. Glass TNP, Beate Danielsen, Dena Towner, David Glidden, Yvonne W. Wu. Antenatal and Intrapartum Risk Factors for Seizure in Term Newborn: A Population-based Study, California Journal of Pediatric Neurology. 2009;

2 Saliba RM, Annegers FJ, Waller DK, Tyson JE and Mizrahi EM. Risk factors for neonatal seizures: a population-based study, Harris y, Texas, American journal of epidemiology. 2001; 154: Shariati M. Neonatal Seizures in a Rural Iranian District Hospital: Etiologies, Incidence and Predicting Factors. Acta Medica Iranica. 2012; Soetomenggolo T and Ismail S. Buku ajar neurologi anak. Jakarta: IDAI. 2000: Kosim MS, Yunanto A, Dewi R, Sarosa G and Usman A. Buku Ajar Neonatologi. Edisi pertama. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia, Booth D and Evans D. Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; Pettker CM, Buhimschi IA, Magloire LK, Sfakianaki AK, Hamar BD and Buhimschi CS. Value of placental microbial evaluation in diagnosing intra-amniotic infection. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2007; 109: Mizrahi EM and Kellaway P. Diagnosis and management of neonatal seizures. Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia, Jensen FE. Neonatal seizures: an update on mechanisms and management. Clinics in perinatology. 2009; 36: Prawirohardjo S. Ilmu kandungan. Yayasan Bina Pustaka Jakarta Neto EC, Rubin R, Schulte J and Giugliani R. Newborn screening for congenital infectious diseases. Emerging infectious diseases. 2004; 10: 1069.

3 Organization WH. Pocket book of hospital care for children: guidelines for the management of common illnesses with limited resources. World Health Organization, Hathaway WE. Current pediatric diagnosis & treatment. Appleton- Century-Crofts and Fleschner Publishing Company, Lieberman E, Eichenwald E, Mathur G, Richardson D, Heffner L and Cohen A. Intrapartum fever and unexplained seizures in term infants. Pediatrics. 2000; 106: Lieberman E, Lang J, Richardson DK, Frigoletto FD, Heffner LJ and Cohen A. Intrapartum maternal fever and neonatal outcome. Pediatrics. 2000; 105: Minchom P, Niswander K, Chalmers I, et al. Antecedents and outcome of very early neonatal seizures in infants born at or after term. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1987; 94: Hall DA, Wadwa RP, Goldenberg NA and Norris JM. Maternal Risk Factors for Term Neonatal Seizures: Population-Based Study in Colorado, Journal of child neurology. 2006; 21: Scher MS, Aso K, Beggarly ME, Hamid MY, Steppe DA and Painter MJ. Electrographic seizures in preterm and full-term neonates: clinical correlates, associated brain lesions, and risk for neurologic sequelae. Pediatrics. 1993; 91:

4 Zhao J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Pi G. Effect of intrauterine infection on brain development an injury. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. 2013;7: Soraishama AS, Lodha AK, Singhala N, et al. Neonatal outcomes following extensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the delivery room for infants born at less than 33 weeks gestational age. Resuscitation. 2014;85:

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7 53 Lampiran 3. Biodata Penulis Nama : Atika Nurmalitasari NIM : Tempat/Tanggal lahir : Yogyakarta/30 Maret 1992 Jenis Kelamin Alamat : Perempuan : Jalan Bukit Unggul I nomor 15 Sampangan, Semarang Nomor Telepon/HP : (024) / atikanurmalitasari@gmail.com RIWAYAT PENDIDIKAN FORMAL 1. TK : TK Hj ISRIATI SEMARANG SD : SD Hj ISRIATI SEMARANG SMP : SMPN 5 SEMARANG Lulus Tahun: SMA : SMAN 3 SEMAANG Lulus Tahun: FK UNDIP : Masuk Tahun : 2010 KEANGGOTAAN ORGANISASI 1. PASKIBRA SD Hj ISRIATI PASKIBRA SMPN OSIS SMPN OSIS SMAN CEMETI SMAN BEM FK UNDIP Departemen Seni dan Olahraga 2010

8 54 Lampiran 4. Hasil Pengolahan SPSS KARAKTERISTIK IBU a. Umur ibu (tahun) Kelompok kasus N Valid 60 Missing 60 Mean 28,40 Median 27,00 Std. Deviation 6,132 Variance 37,600 Skewness,991 Std. Error of Skewness,309 Kurtosis 1,145 Std. Error of Kurtosis,608 Minimum 19 Maximum 48 Kelompok kontrol N Valid 60 Missing 60 Mean 25,22 Median 23,00 Std. Deviation 5,205 Variance 27,088 Skewness 1,288 Std. Error of Skewness,309 Kurtosis 1,233 Std. Error of Kurtosis,608 Minimum 17 Maximum 42 Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. umur ibu,150,000,907,000 a Lilliefors Significance Correction

9 55 Mann-Whitney Test Test Statistics(a) Umur ibu Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).003 Grouping Variable: kejang neonatus B. Penyakit Kehamilan penyakit kehamilan (kelompok kasus) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 60 50,0 50,0 50,0 tidak 54 45,0 45,0 95,0 ya 6 5,0 5,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 penyakit kehamilan (kelompok kontrol) Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid 60 50,0 50,0 50,0 Tidak 60 50,0 50,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Chi-Square Tests Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2- sided) Pearson Chi-Square,000(a) 2,365 Likelihood Ratio 166,355 2,000

10 56 KARAKTERISTIK NEONATUS a. Berat lahir (gram) Kelompok kasus N Valid 60 Missing 60 Mean 2897,00 Median 2980,00 Std. Deviation 417,459 Variance ,20 3 Skewness -,147 Std. Error of Skewness,309 Kurtosis,467 Std. Error of Kurtosis,608 Minimum 1800 Maximum 3900 Kelompok kontrol N Valid 60 Missing 60 Mean 3083,17 Median 3000,00 Std. Deviation 479,178 Variance ,83 6 Skewness 1,087 Std. Error of Skewness,309 Kurtosis 2,980 Std. Error of Kurtosis,608 Minimum 2200 Maximum 5000 Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. berat lahir,147,000,957,001 a Lilliefors Significance Correction

11 57 Mann-Whitney Test Test Statistics(a) berat lahir Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).025 a Grouping Variable: kejang neonatus b. Jenis kelamin Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing N Percent N Percent N Percent JK kontrol * JK kasus ,0% 0,0% ,0% JK kontrol * JK kasus Crosstabulation JK kasus JK kontrol LAKI-LAKI ,1 13,9 49,0 PEREMPUAN ,9 3,1 11, ,0 17,0 60,0 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2,456(b) 1,195 Continuity Correction(a) 1,433 1,231 Likelihood Ratio 2,921 1,087 Fisher's Exact Test,155, a Computed only for a 2x2 table b 1 cells (25,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,12

12 58 FREKUENSI SUBJEK PENELITIAN Kelompok Valid Kasus Kontrol Cumulativ e Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent 60 50,0 50,0 50, ,0 50,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Valid Ya Tidak Infeksi IU Cumulativ e Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent 10 8,3 8,3 8, ,7 91,7 100,0 100,0 100,0 Status paritas Valid primipara multipara Cumulativ e Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent 65 54,2 54,2 54, ,8 45,8 100,0 100,0 100,0 Valid SC Perv aginam cara. persalinan Cumulativ e Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent 31 25,8 25,8 25, ,2 74,2 100,0 100,0 100,0 Gawat janin Valid Ya Tidak Cumulativ e Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent 24 20,0 20,0 20, ,0 80,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

13 59 Valid Ya Tidak Resusitasi Cumulativ e Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent 37 30,8 30,8 30, ,2 69,2 100,0 100,0 100,0 Valid preterm aterm Masa gestasi Cumulativ e Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent 14 11,7 11,7 11, ,3 88,3 100,0 100,0 100,0 HASIL ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH A. Infeksi intrauterin Crosstab Inf eksi IU Ya Tidak Kelompok Kasus Kontrol ,0 5,0 10,0 15,0% 1,7% 8,3% 7,5%,8% 8,3% ,0 55,0 110,0 85,0% 98,3% 91,7% 42,5% 49,2% 91,7% ,0 60,0,0 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 50,0% 50,0% 100,0%

14 60 Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) 6,982 b 1,008 5,345 1,021 7,944 1,005 6,924 1,009 a. Computed only f or a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided),017,008 b. 0 cells (,0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,00. Risk Estimate Odds Ratio f or Inf eksi IU (Ya / Tidak) For cohort Kelompok = Kasus For cohort Kelompok = Kontrol Value Lower Upper 10,412 1,275 84,998 1,941 1,455 2,590,186,029 1,207 95% Confidence Interv al

15 61 B. Status paritas Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided),034 b 1,855, ,000,034 1,855,033 1,855 a. Computed only f or a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) 1,000,500 b. 0 cells (,0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27,50. Crosstab Status paritas primipara multipara Kelompok Kasus Kontrol ,5 32,5 65,0 53,3% 55,0% 54,2% 26,7% 27,5% 54,2% ,5 27,5 55,0 46,7% 45,0% 45,8% 23,3% 22,5% 45,8% ,0 60,0,0 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 50,0% 50,0% 100,0% Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for Status paritas (primipara / multipara) For cohort Kelompok = Kasus For cohort Kelompok = Kontrol Value Lower Upper,935,456 1,918,967,676 1,384 1,034,721 1,483 95% Confidence Interv al

16 62 C. Cara Persalinan Crosstab cara.persalinan SC Perv aginam Kelompok Kasus Kontrol ,5 15,5 31,0 30,0% 21,7% 25,8% 15,0% 10,8% 25,8% ,5 44,5 89,0 70,0% 78,3% 74,2% 35,0% 39,2% 74,2% ,0 60,0,0 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 50,0% 50,0% 100,0% Chi-Square Tests Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) 1,087 b 1,297,696 1,404 1,091 1,296 1,078 1,299 a. Computed only f or a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided),404,202 b. 0 cells (,0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 15,50. Risk Estimate Odds Ratio f or cara. persalinan (SC / Perv aginam) For cohort Kelompok = Kasus For cohort Kelompok = Kontrol Value Lower Upper 1,549,678 3,539 1,230,849 1,783,794,502 1,256 95% Conf idence Interv al

17 63 D. Gawat Janin Crosstab Gawat janin Ya Tidak Kelompok Kasus Kontrol ,0 12,0 24,0 35,0% 5,0% 20,0% 17,5% 2,5% 20,0% ,0 48,0 96,0 65,0% 95,0% 80,0% 32,5% 47,5% 80,0% ,0 60,0,0 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 50,0% 50,0% 100,0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) 16,875 b 1,000 15,052 1,000 18,581 1,000 16,734 1,000 a. Computed only f or a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided),000,000 b. 0 cells (,0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12,00. Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for Gawat janin (Ya / Tidak) For cohort Kelompok = Kasus For cohort Kelompok = Kontrol Value Lower Upper 10,231 2,855 36,666 2,154 1,619 2,865,211,072,615 95% Confidence Interv al

18 64 E. Riwayat resusitasi Crosstab Resusitasi Ya Tidak Kelompok Kasus Kontrol ,5 18,5 37,0 50,0% 11,7% 30,8% 25,0% 5,8% 30,8% ,5 41,5 83,0 50,0% 88,3% 69,2% 25,0% 44,2% 69,2% ,0 60,0,0 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 50,0% 50,0% 100,0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) 20,671 b 1,000 18,912 1,000 21,857 1,000 20,499 1,000 a. Computed only f or a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided),000,000 b. 0 cells (,0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18,50. Risk Estimate Odds Ratio f or Resusitasi (Ya / Tidak) For cohort Kelompok = Kasus For cohort Kelompok = Kontrol Value Lower Upper 7,571 2,967 19,318 2,243 1,620 3,106,296,149,589 95% Confidence Interv al

19 65 F. Masa Gestasi Crosstab Masa gestasi preterm aterm Kelompok Kasus Kontrol ,0 7,0 14,0 10,0% 13,3% 11,7% 5,0% 6,7% 11,7% ,0 53,0 106,0 90,0% 86,7% 88,3% 45,0% 43,3% 88,3% ,0 60,0,0 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 50,0% 50,0% 100,0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided),323 b 1,570,081 1,776,324 1,569,321 1,571 a. Computed only f or a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided),777,389 b. 0 cells (,0%) hav e expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7,00. Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for Masa gestasi (preterm / aterm) For cohort Kelompok = Kasus For cohort Kelompok = Kontrol Value Lower Upper,722,234 2,224,841,447 1,584 1,165,711 1,908 95% Confidence Interv al

20 66 ANALISIS MULTIVARIAT REGRESI LOGISTIK Step 1 Step 2 a Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients Step Block Model Step Block Model Chi-square df Sig a. A negativ e Chi-squares v alue indicates that the Chi-squares v alue has decreased from the prev ious step. Step 1 2 Model Summary -2 Log Cox & Snell Nagelkerke likelihood R Square R Square a a a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 6 because parameter estimates changed by less than.001. Classification Table a Predicted Observed Step 1 Kelompok Overall Percentage Step 2 Kelompok Overall Percentage a. The cut v alue is.500 Kasus Kontrol Kasus Kontrol Kelompok Percentage Kasus Kontrol Correct

21 67 Step 1 a Step 2 a Umur.ibu BBL sex Resusitasi gawat.janin Constant Umur.ibu BBL Resusitasi gawat.janin Constant Variables in the Equation 95.0% C.I.f or EXP(B) B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) Lower Upper a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Umur.ibu, BBL, sex, Resusitasi, gawat.janin. Model if Term Removed Variable Step Umur.ibu 1 BBL Step 2 sex Resusitasi gawat. janin Umur.ibu BBL Resusitasi gawat. janin Change in Model Log -2 Log Sig. of the Likelihood Likelihood df Change Step 2 a Variables not in the Equation Variables sex Score df Sig. Ov erall Statistics a. Variable(s) remov ed on step 2: sex. Step Variabel p OR Bawah 95% CI Atas 2 Infeksi IU 0,008 9,668 1,104 84,669 Gawat Janin 0,000 10,231 2,855 36,666 Resusitasi 0,000 7,384 0,284 19,167 Umur ibu 0,039 0,915 0,841 0,995 BBL 0,064 1,001 1,000 1,002

22 Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi 68