LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Bagan alir penelitian Ampas tebu Dikarbonisasi selama 5 jam Arang Aktivasi uap air Direndam dalam H 3 PO 4 5 dan 10% Arang aktif komersial Arang aktif Suhu 700 dan 800 C, 60 dan 120 menit 1. Rendemen 2. Kadar air 3. Kadar abu 4. Kadar zat terbang 5. Kadar karbon terikat 6. Daya jerap benzena 7. Daya jerap kloroform 8. Daya jerap Iodium Uji pendahuluan Isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir dan Freundlich Aplikasi sebagai adsorben pemurnian minyak goreng bekas Penurunan asam lemak bebas
Lampiran 2 Standar mutu arang aktif menurut SNI 06-3730-95 Uraian Syarat Kualitas Butiran Serbuk Kadar zat terbang (%) Maks 15 Maks 25 Kadar air (%) Maks 4.5 Maks 15 Kadar abu (%) Maks 2.5 Maks 10 Bagian tak mengarang 0 0 Daya serap terhadap I 2 (mg/g) Min 750 Min 750 Karbon aktif murni (%) Min 80 Min 65 Daya serap terhadap benzena (%) Min 25 - Daya serap terhadap biru metilena (mg/g) Min 60 Min 120 Bobot jenis curah (g/ml) 0.45-0.55 0.3-0.35 Lolos mesh - Min 90 Jarak mesh (%) 90 - Kekerasan (%) 80 - Lampiran 3 Standar mutu minyak goreng menurut SNI 06-3741-95 Komponen Maksimum Air 0.30% Bilangan peroksida 1.0 mg oksigen/100g Asam lemak bebas (sebagai asam laurat) 0.30% Logam-logam berbahaya: Besi (Fe) 1.5 ppm Timbal (Pb) 0.1 ppm Tembaga (Cu) 0.1 ppm Raksa (Hg) 0.05 ppm Arsen (As) 0.1 ppm Minyak pelican negatif Keadaan (bau, warna, rasa) normal
Lampiran 4 Karakterisasi arang aktif dari ampas tebu No Jenis Rendemen (%) Kadar air (%) Kadar zat terbang (%) Kadar abu (%) Kadar karbon terikat (%) Daya jerap benzena (%) Daya jerap kloroform (%) Daya jerap iod (mg/g) 1 b0c0 6.1938 26.0739 29.2707 44.6553 6.5467 10.7892 159.6748 2 6.4000 35.8000 30.6000 33.6000 6.1969 10.2346 162.3179 3 b1c1 72.0683 1.5000 6.6000 35.9000 57.5000 9.6355 15.0350 610.5760 4 1.5984 5.5944 36.5634 57.8422 9.7354 16.0260 612.8914 5 b1c2 68.3303 2.2977 6.5934 41.6583 51.7483 11.2000 19.5902 726.3448 6 2.0958 6.1876 49.9002 43.9122 12.8436 20.4795 724.0294 7 b2c1 60.0799 2.3952 5.4890 48.5030 46.0080 12.2939 23.1884 624.7048 8 1.9980 4.5954 52.9471 42.4575 14.5000 21.0895 624.8690 9 b2c2 41.1896 4.4955 7.6923 61.5385 30.7692 12.6500 24.4755 618.0712 10 4.3912 7.6846 63.7725 28.5429 13.0370 21.9390 615.6186 11 a1b1c1 84.5160 2.6892 6.2749 33.6653 60.0598 9.1908 12.8936 506.9365 12 2.4950 6.3872 35.3293 58.2834 9.4453 14.3928 509.5669 13 a1b1c2 64.0731 3.6853 7.8685 37.5498 54.5817 10.1449 14.2429 536.1805 14 3.9880 9.2722 34.3968 56.3310 10.2794 15.3923 538.8320 15 a1b2c1 51.6339 4.6953 8.4915 28.3716 63.1369 16.1919 24.0140 736.8016 16 4.8805 8.1673 27.8884 63.9442 17.0000 24.2379 736.8016 17 a1b2c2 44.1251 3.2934 6.8862 39.4212 53.6926 19.1309 29.9201 792.7093 18 3.4895 7.2782 38.8833 53.8385 18.4000 29.5205 795.3525 19 a2b1c1 88.2918 4.2957 8.5914 28.7712 62.6374 12.3315 17.4738 588.4784 20 6.2937 9.4905 27.1728 63.3367 10.3397 16.2519 584.5328 21 a2b1c2 66.9138 2.9970 6.8931 26.5734 66.5335 10.3948 19.9301 570.3042 22 2.7944 6.4870 30.1397 63.3733 10.4895 18.6813 572.9579 23 a2b2c1 57.6908 2.5948 6.1876 28.8423 64.9701 18.6221 27.5225 732.1791 24 2.5948 5.9880 28.9421 65.0699 18.0819 24.9251 734.8328 25 a2b2c2 44.4206 2.3976 5.6943 29.3706 64.9351 24.1138 38.9111 847.0084 26 2.3928 5.6830 32.9013 61.4158 24.1259 38.8611 846.1793 27 AAK 12.6873 40.0599 5.6943 54.2458 16.0229 20.0099 491.6162 28 13.0869 43.1568 5.5944 51.2488 15.3694 19.1437 486.1135 Keterangan: b0c0 = arang tanpa aktivasi b1 = suhu aktivasi 700 C c1 = waktu 60 menit a1 = H 3 PO 4 5% b2 = suhu aktivasi 800 C c2 = waktu 120menit a2 = H 3 PO 4 10% AAK= arang aktif komersial
Lanjutan Lampiran 4 Data karakterisasi arang aktif untuk kadar air, kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar abu, dan kadar karbon terikat jenis cawan kosong isi setelah oven 105 C isi kering setelah tanur 950 C isi setelah tanur 950 C setelah tanur 750 C isi setelah tanur 750 C b0c0 20.861 1.001 21.800 0.939 21.601 0.740 21.154 0.293 22.811 1.000 23.747 0.936 23.453 0.642 23.117 0.306 b1c1 20.996 1.000 21.981 0.985 21.930 0.934 21.355 0.359 20.785 1.001 21.770 0.985 21.730 0.945 21.151 0.366 b1c2 22.256 1.001 23.234 0.978 23.191 0.935 22.673 0.417 20.887 1.002 21.868 0.981 21.827 0.940 21.387 0.500 b2c1 21.037 1.002 22.015 0.978 21.984 0.947 21.523 0.486 25.694 1.001 26.675 0.981 26.649 0.955 26.224 0.530 b2c2 21.046 1.001 22.002 0.956 21.970 0.924 21.662 0.616 25.694 1.002 26.652 0.958 26.619 0.925 26.333 0.639 a1b1c1 24.061 1.004 25.038 0.977 25.002 0.941 24.399 0.338 21.704 1.002 22.681 0.977 22.642 0.938 22.058 0.354 a1b1c2 18.258 1.004 19.225 0.967 19.183 0.925 18.635 0.377 19.599 1.003 20.562 0.963 20.509 0.910 19.944 0.345 a1b2c1 19.891 1.001 20.845 0.954 20.807 0.916 20.175 0.284 22.268 1.004 23.223 0.955 23.190 0.922 22.548 0.280 a1b2c2 21.007 1.002 21.976 0.969 21.940 0.933 21.402 0.395 20.799 1.003 21.767 0.968 21.729 0.930 21.189 0.390 a2b1c1 25.683 1.001 26.641 0.958 26.598 0.915 25.971 0.288 23.799 1.001 24.737 0.938 24.705 0.906 24.071 0.272 a2b1c2 22.281 1.001 23.252 0.971 23.213 0.932 22.547 0.266 22.091 1.002 23.065 0.974 23.028 0.937 22.393 0.302 a2b2c1 20.615 1.002 21.591 0.976 21.555 0.940 20.904 0.289 21.026 1.002 22.002 0.976 21.968 0.942 21.316 0.290 a2b2c2 22.939 1.001 23.916 0.977 23.883 0.944 23.233 0.294 24.049 1.003 25.028 0.979 24.995 0.946 24.379 0.330 AAK 22.301 1.001 23.175 0.874 22.901 0.600 22.358 0.057 22.959 1.001 23.829 0.87 23.528 0.569 23.015 0.056
Lanjutan Lampiran 4 Contoh perhitungan (b1c1): akhir (1 kadar air arang aktif ) awal (1 kadar air arang) Rendemen = 100% 71.715 gr = 105 gr = 72.0683% ( 1 0.015736) ) ( 1 0.067202) x100% o Kadar air = awal akhir setelah pemanasan105 C 100% awal 1.000 0.985 gr = x100% 1.000 gr = 1.500% Kadar zat mudah menguap = sebelum pemanasan setelah pemanasan950 0 C 100% sebelum pemanasan 1.000 0.934 gr = x100% 1.000 gr = 6.600% o Kadar abu = setelah pemanasan 750 C 100% sebelum pemanasan 0.359 gr = x100% 1.000 gr = 35.900% Kadar karbon terikat = 100% ( kadar zat mudah menguap + kadar abu)% = 100%- (6.600 + 35.900)% = 57.500%
Lanjutan Lampiran 4 Data penentuan daya jerap arang aktif pada iodin No jenis sampel volume I 2 (ml) volume Na 2 S 2 O 3 terpakai (ml) [Na 2 S 2 O 3 ] N [I 2 ] N daya jerap iodin (mg/g) 1 b0c0 0.252 10 8.32 0.1081 0.1030 159.6748 2 0.252 10 8.30 0.1081 0.1030 162.3179 3 b1c1 0.250 10 5.69 0.0975 0.1069 610.5760 4 0.250 10 5.67 0.0975 0.1069 612.8914 5 b1c2 0.250 10 4.69 0.0975 0.1069 726.3448 6 0.250 10 4.71 0.0975 0.1069 724.0294 7 b2c1 0.251 10 4.82 0.0975 0.0929 624.7048 8 0.252 10 4.80 0.0975 0.0929 624.8690 9 b2c2 0.251 10 4.87 0.1081 0.1030 618.0712 10 0.252 10 4.87 0.1081 0.1030 615.6186 11 a1b1c1 0.252 10 5.72 0.1081 0.1035 506.9365 12 0.252 10 5.70 0.1081 0.1035 509.5669 13 a1b1c2 0.250 10 5.53 0.1081 0.1035 536.1805 14 0.250 10 5.51 0.1081 0.1035 538.8320 15 a1b2c1 0.253 10 3.39 0.1081 0.1035 810.1612 16 0.253 10 3.95 0.1081 0.1035 736.8016 17 a1b2c2 0.252 10 3.53 0.0975 0.0929 792.7093 18 0.252 10 3.51 0.0975 0.0929 795.3525 19 a2b1c1 0.252 10 5.10 0.1081 0.1035 588.4784 20 0.252 10 5.13 0.1081 0.1035 584.5328 21 a2b1c2 0.251 10 5.23 0.0975 0.0929 570.3042 22 0.251 10 5.21 0.0975 0.0929 572.9579 23 a2b2c1 0.251 10 4.01 0.0975 0.0929 732.1791 24 0.251 10 3.99 0.0975 0.0929 734.8328 25 a2b2c2 0.250 10 3.17 0.0975 0.0929 847.0084 26 0.253 10 3.10 0.0975 0.0929 846.1793 27 AAK 0.251 10 6.50 0.0975 0.1037 491.6162 28 0.252 10 6.53 0.0975 0.1037 486.1135 Rerata 160.9963 611.7337 725.1871 624.7869 616.8449 508.2517 537.5062 773.4814 794.0309 586.5056 571.6311 733.5059 846.5938 488.8649 Contoh perhitungan (b1c1): Volume titrat x N Na2S 2O3 (10 ( )) 12, 693 N I 2 Daya jerap iodin = arang aktif 5,69ml x 0,0975 N ( 10ml ( )) 12,693 2,5 0,1069 N = 0,25 gr = 610,5760 mg/g fp
Lanjutan Lampiran 4 Data karakterisasi arang aktif pada benzena jenis cawan kosong isi awal stlh inkubasi benzena terjerap b0c0 50.474 2.001 2.132 0.131 49.902 2.001 2.125 0.124 b1c1 49.146 2.003 2.196 0.193 39.605 2.003 2.198 0.195 b1c2 48.169 2.000 2.224 0.224 39.908 2.001 2.258 0.257 b2c1 39.640 2.001 2.247 0.246 34.481 2.000 2.290 0.290 b2c2 55.935 2.000 2.253 0.253 49.704 2.002 2.263 0.261 a1b1c1 34.841 2.002 2.186 0.184 39.441 2.001 2.190 0.189 a1b1c2 40.767 2.001 2.204 0.203 39.377 2.004 2.210 0.206 a1b2c1 39.924 2.001 2.325 0.324 38.831 2.000 2.340 0.340 a1b2c2 34.463 2.002 2.385 0.383 54.912 2.000 2.368 0.368 a2b1c1 50.449 2.003 2.250 0.247 49.878 2.002 2.209 0.207 a2b1c2 49.167 2.001 2.209 0.208 39.620 2.002 2.212 0.210 a2b2c1 55.911 2.003 2.376 0.373 49.683 2.002 2.364 0.362 a2b2c2 40.986 2.003 2.486 0.483 50.339 2.002 2.485 0.483 AAK 40.997 2.097 2.433 0.336 55.933 2.017 2.327 0.310 Contoh perhitungan (b1c1): Daya jerap benzena = benzena terjerap 100% awal 0.193 gr = x100% 2.003 gr = 9.6355%
Lanjutan Lampiran 4 Data karakterisasi daya jerap arang aktif pada kloroform jenis cawan kosong isi stlh inkkubasi kloroform terjerap b0c0 38.857 2.002 2.218 0.216 36.113 2.003 2.208 0.205 b1c1 40.772 2.002 2.303 0.301 34.619 2.003 2.324 0.321 b1c2 34.450 2.001 2.393 0.392 83.749 2.002 2.412 0.410 b2c1 48.767 2.001 2.465 0.464 39.540 2.001 2.423 0.422 b2c2 39.404 2.002 2.492 0.490 45.423 2.001 2.440 0.439 a1b1c1 55.307 2.001 2.259 0.258 50.480 2.001 2.289 0.288 a1b1c2 36.088 2.001 2.286 0.285 34.610 2.001 2.309 0.308 a1b2c1 39.660 2.003 2.484 0.481 45.396 2.001 2.486 0.485 a1b2c2 34.502 2.002 2.601 0.599 83.791 2.002 2.593 0.591 a2b1c1 42.160 2.003 2.353 0.350 39.470 1.969 2.289 0.320 a2b1c2 40.791 2.002 2.401 0.399 34.634 2.002 2.376 0.374 a2b2c1 39.386 2.002 2.553 0.551 45.404 2.002 2.501 0.499 a2b2c2 42.142 2.002 2.781 0.779 39.450 2.002 2.780 0.778 AAK 47.744 2.019 2.423 0.404 50.417 2.032 2.421 0.389 Contoh perhitungan (b1c1): Daya jerap kloroform = kloroform terjerap 100% awal 0.193 gr = x100% 2.003 gr = 0.301%
Lampiran 5 Hasil analisis ragam dan uji Duncan pada kadar air Dependent Variable: RESPON Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 30.215(a) 11 2.747 14.800.000 Intercept 242.881 1 242.881 1308.666.000 A 4.612 2 2.306 12.426.001 B.348 1.348 1.873.196 C.003 1.003.019.894 A * B 10.494 2 5.247 28.270.000 A * C 7.573 2 3.786 20.402.000 B * C.223 1.223 1.203.294 A * B * C 6.962 2 3.481 18.755.000 Error 2.227 12.186 Total 275.323 24 Corrected Total 32.442 23 a R Squared =.931 (Adjusted R Squared =.868) RESPON Duncan ABC N 1 2 3 4 5 6 A0B1C1 2 1.549200 A0B2C1 2 2.196600 2.196600 A0B1C2 2 2.196750 2.196750 A2B2C2 2 2.395200 2.395200 2.395200 A1B1C1 2 2.592100 2.592100 A2B2C1 2 2.594800 2.594800 A2B1C2 2 2.895700 2.895700 2.895700 A1B2C2 2 3.391450 3.391450 A1B1C2 2 3.836650 3.836650 A0B2C2 2 4.443350 4.443350 A1B2C1 2 4.787900 4.787900 A2B1C1 2 5.294700 Sig..093.168.056.059.057.084 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) =.186. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha =.05.
Lampiran 6 Hasil analisis ragam pada kadar zat mudah menguap Dependent Variable: RESPON Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 33.835(a) 11 3.076 14.116.000 Intercept 1149.240 1 1149.240 5274.259.000 A 6.511 2 3.256 14.941.001 B 1.708 1 1.708 7.839.016 C.233 1.233 1.068.322 A * B 6.271 2 3.135 14.389.001 A * C 8.361 2 4.181 19.186.000 B * C.112 1.112.512.488 A * B * C 10.639 2 5.320 24.413.000 Error 2.615 12.218 Total 1185.690 24 Corrected Total 36.449 23 a R Squared =.928 (Adjusted R Squared =.863) RESPON Duncan ABC N 1 2 3 4 5 6 A0B2C1 2 5.042200 A2B2C2 2 5.688650 5.688650 A2B2C1 2 6.087800 6.087800 6.087800 A0B1C1 2 6.097200 6.097200 6.097200 A1B1C1 2 6.331050 6.331050 A0B1C2 2 6.390500 6.390500 A2B1C2 2 6.690050 6.690050 6.690050 A1B2C2 2 7.082200 7.082200 A0B2C2 2 7.688450 7.688450 A1B2C1 2 8.329400 8.329400 A1B1C2 2 8.570350 8.570350 A2B1C1 2 9.040950 Sig..057.076.078.064.097.172 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) =.218. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b Alpha =.05.
Lampiran 7 Hasil analisis ragam dan uji Duncan pada kadar abu Dependent Variable: RESPON Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 2537.379(a) 11 230.671 41.286.000 Intercept 33675.199 1 33675.199 6027.236.000 A 1671.085 2 835.542 149.547.000 B 169.398 1 169.398 30.319.000 C 223.316 1 223.316 39.969.000 A * B 334.554 2 167.277 29.939.000 A * C 88.894 2 44.447 7.955.006 B * C 31.686 1 31.686 5.671.035 A * B * C 18.446 2 9.223 1.651.233 Error 67.046 12 5.587 Total 36279.624 24 Corrected Total 2604.425 23 a R Squared =.974 (Adjusted R Squared =.951) RESPON Duncan AB N 1 2 3 12 30.606492 A2B1 2 34.497300 A2B2 2 35.973300 A0B1 2 36.231700 A0B2 2 45.779250 A1B1 2 50.725050 A1B2 2 62.655500 Sig..173.192 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 15.048. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.270. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. c Alpha =.05.
Lanjutan Lampiran 7 RESPON Duncan AC N 1 2 3 12 30.606492 A2C1 2 34.497300 A2C2 2 35.973300 A0C1 2 36.231700 A0C2 2 45.779250 A1C1 2 50.725050 A1C2 2 62.655500 Sig..173.192 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 15.048. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.270. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. c Alpha =.05. RESPON Duncan BC N 1 2 3 16 31.763694 B1C1 2 36.231700 B1C2 2 45.779250 B2C1 2 50.725050 B2C2 2 62.655500 Sig..222.178 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 15.048. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.424. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. c Alpha =.05.
Lampiran 8 Hasil analisis ragam dan uji Duncan pada kadar karbon terikat Dependent Variable: RESPON Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 2468.657(a) 11 224.423 49.485.000 Intercept 74250.498 1 74250.498 16372.164.000 A 1539.417 2 769.708 169.720.000 B 137.085 1 137.085 30.227.000 C 237.964 1 237.964 52.471.000 A * B 366.211 2 183.105 40.375.000 A * C 151.146 2 75.573 16.664.000 B * C 35.558 1 35.558 7.841.016 A * B * C 1.278 2.639.141.870 Error 54.422 12 4.535 Total 76773.577 24 Corrected Total 2523.079 23 a R Squared =.978 (Adjusted R Squared =.959) Duncan RESPON AB N 1 2 3 A1B2 2 29.656050 A1B1 2 44.232750 A0B2 2 47.830250 A2B2 2 55.456350 A0B1 2 57.671100 A2B1 2 59.171600 12 62.240333 Sig. 1.000.317.090 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 13.793. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.270. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. c Alpha =.05.
Lanjutan Lampiran 8 RESPON Duncan AC N 1 2 3 A1C2 2 29.656050 A1C1 2 44.232750 A0C2 2 47.830250 A2C2 2 55.456350 A0C1 2 57.671100 A2C1 2 59.171600 12 62.240333 Sig. 1.000.317.090 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 13.793. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.270. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. c Alpha =.05. RESPON Duncan BC N 1 2 3 B2C2 2 29.656050 B2C1 2 44.232750 B1C2 2 47.830250 B1C1 2 57.671100 16 61.008744 Sig. 1.000.301.336 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 13.793. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.424. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. c Alpha =.05.
Lampiran 9 Hasil analisis ragam pada daya jerap benzena Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Daya jerap benzena (%) Source Corrected Model Intercept A B C A * B A * C B * C A * B * C Error Total Corrected Total Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 461.972 a 11 41.997 75.977.000 4653.117 1 4653.117 8417.902.000 66.924 2 33.462 60.535.000 280.967 1 280.967 508.294.000 15.749 1 15.749 28.492.000 68.745 2 34.372 62.183.000 2.413 2 1.206 2.182.155 4.245 1 4.245 7.680.017 22.930 2 11.465 20.741.000 6.633 12.553 5121.722 24 468.605 23 a. R Squared =.986 (Adjusted R Squared =.973) Duncan a,b A A0 A1 A2 Sig. Daya jerap benzena (%) N 1 2 3 8 11.9869 8 13.7229 8 16.0624 1.000 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) =.553. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 8.000. b. Alpha =.05.
Lanjutan Lampiran 9 Duncan a,b Interaksi a1b1c1 a0b1c1 a1b1c2 a2b1c2 a2b1c1 a0b1c2 a0b2c2 a0b2c1 a1b2c1 a2b2c1 a1b2c2 a2b2c2 Sig. Daya jerap benzena (%) N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 9.3181 2 9.6855 9.6855 2 10.2122 10.2122 2 10.4422 10.4422 10.4422 2 11.3356 11.3356 11.3356 2 12.0218 12.0218 12.0218 2 12.8435 12.8435 2 13.3970 2 16.5960 2 18.3520 2 18.7655 2 24.1199.186.061.065.077.103 1.000.588 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) =.553. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b. Alpha =.05. Lampiran 10 Hasil analisis ragam pada daya jerap kloroform Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Daya jerap kloroform (%) Type III Sum Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 1138.697 a 11 103.518 94.854.000 Intercept 11659.782 1 11659.782 10683.893.000 A 129.445 2 64.723 59.306.000 B 684.965 1 684.965 627.636.000 C 125.552 1 125.552 115.044.000 A * B 103.879 2 51.939 47.592.000 A * C 26.966 2 13.483 12.354.001 B * C 20.919 1 20.919 19.168.001 A * B * C 46.971 2 23.485 21.520.000 Error 13.096 12 1.091 Total 12811.575 24 Corrected Total 1151.793 23 a. R Squared =.989 (Adjusted R Squared =.978)
Lanjutan Lampiran 10 Duncan a,b A A0 A1 A2 Sig. Daya jerap kloroform (%) N 1 2 8 20.2279 8 20.5768 8 25.3196.517 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 1.091. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 8.000. b. Alpha =.05. Lampiran 11 Hasil analisis ragam dan uji Duncan pada daya jerap iodin Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Daya jerap iod (mg/g) Type III Sum Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 249896.371 a 11 22717.852 8013.382.000 Intercept 10384240.0 1 10384239.99 3662885.000 A 8605.369 2 4302.684 1517.708.000 B 109822.659 1 109822.659 38738.300.000 C 14036.839 1 14036.839 4951.285.000 A * B 101392.448 2 50696.224 17882.335.000 A * C 92.148 2 46.074 16.252.000 B * C 198.856 1 198.856 70.143.000 A * B * C 15748.053 2 7874.027 2777.445.000 Error 34.020 12 2.835 Total 10634170.4 24 Corrected Total 249930.391 23 a. R Squared = 1.000 (Adjusted R Squared = 1.000) Duncan a,b A A1 A0 A2 Sig. Daya jerap iod (mg/g) N 1 2 8 644.1476 8 644.6382 8 684.5591.571 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 2.835. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 8.000. b. Alpha =.05.
Lanjutan Lampiran 11 Duncan a,b Interaksi a1b1c1 a1b1c2 a2b1c2 a2b1c1 a0b1c1 a0b2c2 a0b2c1 a0b1c2 a2b2c1 a1b2c1 a1b2c2 a2b2c2 Sig. Daya jerap iod (mg/g) N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 508.2517 2 537.5063 2 571.6311 2 586.5056 2 611.7337 2 616.8449 2 624.7869 2 725.1871 2 733.5060 2 736.8016 2 794.0309 2 846.5939 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000.074 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 2.835. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000. b. Alpha =.05. Lampiran 12 Uji pendahuluan Penentuan adsorben optimum pada arang aktif b1c2 (tanpa H 3 PO 4, suhu aktivasi 700 C, waktu 120 menit), NaOH 0.0968 N N0 Bobot adsorb en volume NaOH terpakai (ml) contoh % FFA FFA (ppm) FFA terjerap (ppm) Kapasitas adsorpsi (Q), mg/g % efisiensi penjerapan 1 0 0.36 1.0301 0.6689 6889.7311 2 0 0.38 1.0781 0.6749 6951.7023 3 0.6250 0.24 1.0246 0.4535 4670.8882 2248.3285 89.9331 32.4240 4 0.6254 0.24 1.0049 0.4624 4762.4560 2156.7607 86.2153 31.1706 5 1.2501 0.14 1.0260 0.2642 2720.9669 4198.24.98 83.9583 60.6752 6 1.2500 0.14 1.0073 0.2691 2771.4802 4147.7365 82.9547 59.9452 7 1.8751 0.08 1.0118 0.1531 1576.6594 5342.5573 71.2303 77.2133 8 1.8759 0.08 1.0073 0.1538 1583.7030 5335.5137 71.1061 77.1115 9 2.5015 0.05 1.0096 0.0959 987.5594 5931.6573 59.2810 85.7273 10 2.5018 0.05 1.0047 0.0963 992.3758 5926.8479 59.2258 85.6577 Contoh perhitungan: volume NaOH terpakai x Normalitas NaOH x 0.200 %FFA = x100% contoh 0.36 ml x 0.0968 N x 0.0200 = x100% 1.0301g = 0.6689%
0.6689 gr FFA (ppm) = 100 gr 1.03 gr 1000 ml 1000 mg x x x 1ml 1L 1gr = 6889.7311 mg/l = 6889.7311 ppm FFA terjerap = rerata FFA awal FFA akhir = 6920.7167 ppm 4670.8882 ppm = 2248.3285 ppm Kapasitas adsorpsi = konsentrasi awal konsentrasi akhir xvolume laru tan adsorben konsentrasi FFAterjerap = x volume laru tan adsorben 2248.3285 = ppm x 25 ml 0.6250 gr = 89.9331 mg/g konsentrasi FFAterjerap Efisiensi penjerapan = x100% konsentrasi FFA awal 2248.3285 ppm = x100% 6920.7167 ppm = 32.4240%
Lanjutan Lampiran 12 Penentuan adsorben optimum pada arang aktif b1c2 (suhu aktivasi 700 C, waktu 120 menit) N0 % volume NaOH terpakai (ml) larutan % FFA FFA (ppm) FFA terjerap (ppm) Kapasitas biosorpsi (Q), mg/g % penjerapan 1 0 0.36 1.0301 0.6689 6889.7311 2 0 0.38 1.0781 0.6749 6951.7023 3 2.50 0.24 1.0246 0.4535 4670.8882 2248.3285 89.9331 32.4240 4 2.50 0.24 1.0049 0.4624 4762.4560 2156.7607 86.2153 31.1706 5 5.00 0.14 1.0260 0.2642 2720.9669 4198.24.98 83.9583 60.6752 6 5.00 0.14 1.0073 0.2691 2771.4802 4147.7365 82.9547 59.9452 7 7.50 0.08 1.0118 0.1531 1576.6594 5342.5573 71.2303 77.2133 8 7.50 0.08 1.0073 0.1538 1583.7030 5335.5137 71.1061 77.1115 9 10.00 0.05 1.0096 0.0959 987.5594 5931.6573 59.2810 85.7273 10 10.00 0.05 1.0047 0.0963 992.3758 5926.8479 59.2258 85.6577 Penentuan adsorben optimum untuk arang aktif a2b2c2 (H 3 PO 4 10%, suhu aktivasi 800 C, waktu 120 menit) N0 % volume NaOH terpakai (ml) larutan % FFA FFA (ppm) FFA terjerap (ppm) kapasitas adsorpsi (Q), mg/g % penjerap an 1 0 0.36 1.0301 0.6689 6889.7311 2 0 0.38 1.0781 0.6746 6948.7023 3 2.50 0.26 1.0013 0.5022 5172.5277 1746.6890 69.7894 25.2440 4 2.50 0.26 1.0120 0.4969 5117.8379 1801.3788 72.0436 26.0344 5 5.00 0.16 1.0035 0.3084 3176.1156 3743.1011 74.5994 54.0972 6 5.00 0.17 1.0040 0.3275 3372.9422 3546.2745 70.6936 51.2525 7 7.50 0.12 1.0066 0.2306 2374.7506 4544.4661 60.5670 65.6789 8 7.50 0.13 1.0229 0.2458 2531.6512 4387.5655 58.4978 63.4113 9 10.00 0.09 1.0088 0.1725 1777.1788 5142.0379 51.4163 74.3153 10 10.00 0.09 1.0046 0.1733 1784.6088 5134.6079 51.2559 74.2079
lanjutan Lampiran 12 Penentuan waktu optimum jenis waktu (jam) larutan volume NaOH terpakai (ml) %FFA FFA (ppm) FFA terjerap (ppm) Q efisiensi 800 C/2/10% 1.0 1.0088 0.09 0.1727 1779.017 5140.2 51.3979 74.2888 800 C/2/10% 1.0 1.0046 0.09 0.1734 1786.454 5132.7624 51.2375 74.1813 800 C/2/10% 1.5 1.0009 0.04 0.0774 796.9148 6122.3019 61.1985 88.4826 800 C/2/10% 1.5 1.0006 0.04 0.0774 797.1537 6122.0630 61.1815 88.4791 800 C/2/10% 2.0 1.0069 0.04 0.0769 792.1661 6127.0506 61.2558 88.5512 800 C/2/10% 2.0 1.0015 0.04 0.0773 796.4373 6122.7794 61.2058 88.4895 700 C/2 1.0 1.0096 0.06 0.1151 1185.071 5734.1454 57.3071 82.8726 700 C/2 1.0 1.0047 0.05 0.0963 992.3758 5926.8409 59.2258 85.6577 700 C/2 1.5 1.0088 0.04 0.0768 790.6741 6128.5426 61.1802 88.5728 700 C/2 1.5 1.0095 0.04 0.0767 790.1258 6129.0909 61.2175 88.5807 700 C/2 2.0 1.0083 0.04 0.0768 791.0662 6128.1505 60.8362 88.5671 700 C/2 2.0 1.0093 0.04 0.0767 790.2824 6128.9343 61.0354 88.5784 Lampiran 13 Isoterm adsorpsi Data isoterm adsorpsi pada arang aktif b1c2 (tanpa H 3 PO 4, suhu aktivasi 700 C, waktu 120 menit) No [FFA]awal ppm volume NaOH terpakai (ml) %FFA [FFA] akhir, ppm (C) As laurat terjerap, ppm (X) X/M (ppm/gr) log X/M log C 1 3910.8984 0.02 0.0386 397.9361 3512.9623 1403.7812 3.1473 0.4149 2 3910.8984 0.02 0.0388 399.2359 3511.6625 1401.0224 3.1464 0.4152 3 6919.2167 0.03 0.0578 595.6700 6323.5467 2524.5715 3.4022 0.4433 4 6919.2167 0.04 0.0775 798.7089 6120.5078 2444.9757 3.3883 0.4628 5 7674.5300 0.05 0.0962 990.9296 6683.6004 2673.1194 3.4270 0.4765 6 7674.5300 0.05 0.0952 980.2372 6694.2928 2676.9676 3.4276 0.4759 7 10646.0800 0.09 0.1748 1799.9464 8846.1336 3528.9957 3.5477 0.5126 8 10646.0800 0.09 0.1757 1810.1785 8835.9015 3532.3825 3.5481 0.5129 Data isoterm adsorpsi pada arang aktif a2b2c2 (H 3 PO 4 10%, suhu aktivasi 800 C, waktu 120 menit) No [FFA]awal ppm volume NaOH terpakai (ml) %FFA [FFA] akhir, ppm (C) As laurat terjerap, ppm (X) X/M (ppm/gr) log X/M log C 1 3910.8984 0.03 0.0585 602.4315 3308.4669 1323.228 3.1216 2.7799 2 3910.8984 0.03 0.0584 602.0119 3308.8865 1323.1841 3.1216 2.7796 3 6919.2167 0.04 0.0776 799.5005 6119.7162 2447.593 3.3887 2.9028 4 6919.2167 0.04 0.0782 805.7291 6113.4876 2445.102 3.3883 2.9062 5 7674.5300 0.05 0.0966 994.7420 6679.7880 2671.8083 3.4268 2.9977 6 7674.5300 0.05 0.0972 1001.0622 6673.4678 2668.2131 3.4262 3.0005 7 10646.08 0.07 0.1357 1398.0174 9248.0626 3697.1546 3.5679 3.1455 8 10646.08 0.07 0.1355 1395.2540 9250.8260 3698.9988 3.5681 3.1447
Lampiran 14 Analisis kadar FFA pada minyak goreng bekas %FFA pada minyak goreng sebelum dipakai Ulangan Bobot minyak volume NaOH terpakai (ml) (%) FFA FFA (ppm) 1 1.0142 0.10 0.1909 1966.1605 2 1.0006 0.09 0.1741 1793.5958 3 1.0096 0.09 0.1726 1777.6070 rerata FFA 1845.7878 %FFA pada minyak goreng setelah dipakai Ulangan Bobot minyak volume NaOH terpakai (ml) (%) FFA FFA (ppm) 1 1.0128 0.84 1.6057 16538.5782 2 1.0033 0.84 1.6209 16695.1779 3 1.0033 0.85 1.6402 16893.9300 rerata FFA 16709.2287 %FFA pada minyak jelantah setelah pemurnian ulangan Jenis larutan volume NaOH terpakai (ml) %FFA FFA (ppm) rerata FFA 1 700 C/2 1.0046 0.69 1.3297 13696.1497 13689.3398 2 700 C/2 1.0056 0.69 1.3284 13682.5298 1 800 C/2/10% 1.0065 0.42 0.8079 8321.0492 8409.5553 2 800 C/2/10% 1.0090 0.43 0.8251 8498.0614