EVALUASI PERILAKU ANTARA LEBAH PEKERJA Apis cerana javana FABR. UNTUK MENGINFORMASIKAN SUMBER MAKANAN

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1 EVALUASI PERILAKU ANTARA LEBAH PEKERJA Apis cerana javana FABR. UNTUK MENGINFORMASIKAN SUMBER MAKANAN

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3 A B S T R A K Telah dilakukan pengamatan terhadap koloni lebah madu lokal Apis cerana javana Fabr, guna mengevaluasi perilaku antara lebah pekerja dalam menginformasikan sumber makanan. Koloni dipelihara dalam kotak sarang buatan di Laboratorium Entomologi Jurusan Biologi ITB. Kotak sarang buatan dibuat berdasarkan " standard classroom model observation bee hive 1981 ". Lebah madu lokal mempunyai dua pola tarian dalam menginformasikan adanya sumber makanan. Tarian keliling ( round dance), menginformasikan sumber makanan yang dekat dengan sarang. Tarian goyang (wagging dance), untuk jarak sumber makanan yang lebih dari 15 m. Lebah pemandu melakukan tarian di dalam sarang diikuti oleh 3 sampai 5 ekor lebah pekerja. Metoda komunikasi dengan menggunakan tarian goyang, dapat menentukan arah sumber makanan berdasarkan kompas matahari. Kelimpahan sumber makanan ditentukan dari lamanya tarian. Jumlah gelombang yang dibentuk pads waktu trayek lurus dan jumlah angka delapan yang terbentuk selama seekor lebah pemandu melakukan tarian goyang, berkorelasi negatif dengan jarak sumber makanan yang dikunjungi. Brassica juncea L., Calliandra callothyrsus Meissn., Coreopsis qrandiflora Nutt., Cucurbita moschata Duch., Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers., Foeniculum vulgare mill., Leucaena glauca Bth., Persea americana mill., Turnera ulmifolia L. dan Zea mays L., merupakan tanaman pakan lebah madu lokal selama penelitian. Ukuran serbuk sari yang di - bawa lebah pencari makan, dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga

4 Viii tipe yaitu besar ( 17,9 ± 2,2 mg ), sedang ( 10,1-1,4 mg ) dan kecil ( 3,4 ± 1,0 mg ). Berat ratarata nektar yang dibawa adalah 29,7 ± 5,9 mg, sedangkan rata-rata be-rat pekerja lebah madu lokal = 53,6 mg ± 7,9 mg. Suhu sarang berfluktuasi mengikuti suhu lingkungan.

5 A B S T R A C T EVALUATION THE WORKER BEES BEHAVIOR OF Apis cerana javana FABR. IN COMMUNICATING THE PRESENCE OF FOOD SOURCES. A colony of the local honey bee Apis cerana javana Fabr. was observed in order to study the worker bees behavior in communicating the presence of food sources. The colony was placed in a hive observation box at laboratory of Entomology at the Department of Biology, Bandung Institute of Technology. The observation box was designed according to the standard classroom model observation beehive (1981). In communicating. the presence of food sources, the local honeybee performs two dance patterns. A " round dance " informs other bees of the presence of food sources close to the hive. A " wagging. dance " indicates the presence of food located more than 15 metres away. The scout bee followed by three to five worker bees, performs the dance in the hive. As a means to communicate, " wagging dances " also indicate the direction of the food sources relative to the sun's position. Food abundance is indicated by the duration of the dance. The number of waves formed during a straight run and the number of figure eights formed during a scout ' s wagging dance correlated negatively to distance away from the food sorce visited. Brassica juncea L., Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn., Coreopsis qrandiflora Nutt., Cucurbita moschata Duch., Laqerstroemia speciosa Pers., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Leucaena qlauca Bth., Persea americana Mill. Turnera ulmifolia L., and Zea mays L., are plants which ix

6 X served as food sources for the honeybee during this study. The weight of pollen loads carried by a forager can be classifed in to three categories : large {17.9 ± 2.2 mg), medium (10.1 ± 1.4 mg ), and small ( 3.4 ± 1.0 mg ). Nectar loads weighed an average of 29.7 ± 5.9 mg, while the weight of a worker bee averageed 53.6 ± 7.9 mg. The average temperature in the hive fluctuated according to the average surrounding temperature.

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