DAFTAR PUSTAKA. 1. United Nations Population Division. World population prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York: United Nations; 2003.

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1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. United Nations Population Division. World population prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York: United Nations; Departemen Kesehatan R.I. Mengenai masalah mental lanjut usia. [cited 2012 Oktober 2]; Available from: 3. BAPPENAS. Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia (Indonesia Population Projection) Jakarta: BAPPENAS; Sensus Penduduk 2010 Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; c2009 [updated 2011 November 11; cited 2012 Oktober 2]; Available from: 5. KP3A. Penduduk Lanjut Usia [cited 2012 Desember 02]; Available from: Itemid= Dewi IK. Musik tradisional Bali dan musik klasik barat meningkatkan sekresi penderita xerostomia: Universitas Udayana; Hasibuan S. Keluhan Mulut Kering Ditinjau dari Faktor Penyebab, Manifestasi dan Penanggulangannya [cited 2012 September 19]; Available from: 8. Turner MD, Ship JA. Dry Mouth and Its Effects on the Oral Health of Elderly People. The Journal of The American Dental Association. 2007;138:15s-6s. 9. Anggarini VR. Hubungan Penggunaan Obat Antidepresan Terhadap Terjadinya Xerostomia pada Pasien Poli Psikiatri RSUD Dr. Ahmad Mochtar Bukittinggi. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara;

2 Lukisari C, Kusharjanti. Xerostomia salah satu manifestasi oral diabetik [cited 2012 September 17]; Available from: Humprey SP, Williamson RT. A Review of Saliva Normal Composition, Flow and Function. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85(2): Eugene NM, Robert LF. Salivary gland disorders. New York: Springer Berlin Heidenberg; Makkinen KK. History safety and dental properties of xylitol [cited 2013 Januari 2013]; Available from: Yuliarsi Y, Lestari S. Efek Permen Karet yang Mengandung Xylitol dan Sorbitol Terhadap Plak Gigi dan Ginggivitis: JITEKGI FKGUPDM Martín-Piedra M, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Herrera D, Gómez-Moreno G. Effectiveness of a recent topical sialogogue in the management of druginduced xerostomia. J Clin Exp Dent. 2011;3(4):e Farsi NM. Signs of oral dryness in relation to ry flow rate, ph, buffering capacity and dry mouth complaints. BMC oral health. 2007;7: Walsh LJ. Lifestyle Impacts on Oral Health. Queensland (Australia): Knowledge Books and Software; Pratama S. Pengaruh Pemberian Permen Karet yang Mengandung Xylitol terhadap Laju Aliran Saliva pada Anak Usia Tahun di Pesantren Al- Hamidiyah Depok Tahun Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; Despopoulos A, Sibernagl S. Atlas Berwarna dan Teks Fisiologi. Jakarta: Hipokrates; Sherwood L. Fisiologi Manusia dari Sel ke Sistem. 2 ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2001.

3 McIntyre JM. Dental Caries-The Major Cause of Tooth Damage. 2 ed. Queensland (Australia): Knowledge Books and Software; Alam MB, Hossain MS, Chodhury NS, Mazumder MEH, Haque ME, Islam A. In vitro and in vivo Antioxidant and Toxicity Evaluation of Different Fractions of Oxalis corniculata Linn. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology : Gupta A, J.B E, H S. Hypotion in Elderly Patients. Journal of The Canadian Dental Association. 2006;72(9): Sultana N, Sham ME. Xerostomia: An overview. International Journal of Dental Clinics. 2011;3(2): Wrigley. Diagnosis of Dry Mouth: Symptoms, Signs, Causes [cited 2013 Januari 22]; Available from: Navazesh M, Kumar SK. Xerostomia: prevalence, diagnosis, and management. Compend Contin Educ Dent. [Review] Jul- Aug;30(6):326-8, 31-2; quiz Rad M, Kakoie S, Brojeni FN, Pourdamghan N. Effect of Long-term Smoking on Whole-mouth Salivary Flow Rate and Oral Health. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects. 2010;4(4): Navazesh M, Kumar SKS. Measuring ry flow : Challenges and opportunities. The Journal of The American Dental Association. 2008;139:35S-40S. 29. Susan Z. Determining and Managing Salivary Gland Function in Cancer Patients: A Fact Sheet for Dental Professionals. Oral Health Care for Cancer Patients [serial on the Internet]

4 Pierini C. Xylitol: A sweet Alternative. Vitamin Research Product; 2012 [cited 2013 Februari 09]; Available from: Shellman S. Xylitol: Our Sweet Salvation? : The SPECTRUM; 2003 [cited 2013 Januari 19]; Available from: Dry Mouth (xerostomia). 2009; Available from: Hasegawa H, Uozumi T, Ono K. Physiological Evaluation of Music Effect for The Mental Workload [cited 2012 November 29]; Available from: Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW, Anderson PF, Shannon MC. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Diagnosis, Causes, Complications and Treatment Dewi PF. Pengaruh Konsumsi Permen Karet yang Mengandung Xylitol Terhadap Pembentukan Plak Gigi. Semarang (Indonesia): Universitas Diponegoro; Sarwono J. Statistik Itu Mudah: Panduan Lengkap untuk Belajar Komputasi Statistik Menggunakan SPSS 16. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta; Nogourani MK, Isfahan RK, Beheshti MH. The effect of chewing gum s flavor on ry flow rate and ph. Dental Reearch Journal. 2011;8(5):S71.

5 LAMPIRAN

6 Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearence

7 Lampiran 2. Ijin penelitian

8 Lampiran 3. Informed consent

10 Lampiran 4. Hasil analisis 1. Karakteristik subjek penelitian berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan usia jenis kelamin Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid Laki-laki 3 17,6 17,6 17,6 perempuan 14 82,4 82,4 100,0 Total ,0 100,0 usia Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid ,4 29,4 29, ,7 64,7 94,1 >90 2 5,9 5,9 100,0 Total ,0 100,0 2. Karakteristik subjek penelitian pada kelompok kontrol Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Pre skor XI ,41 3,641 Post skor XI ,24 3,580 Pre laju aliran 17,10,60,3176,16099 Post laju aliran 17,10,55,3412,12404 Pre skor VAS ,00,000 Post skor VAS ,00,000 Selisih skor XI ,18 2,531 Selisih skor VAS ,00,000 Selisih laju aliran 17 -,30,30,0235,19615 Valid N (listwise) 17

11 3. Karakteristik subjek penelitian pada kelompok perlakuan Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Pre skor XI ,59 3,392 Post skor XI ,88 3,806 Pre laju aliran 17,10,30,1706,06628 Post laju aliran 17,15,50,3088,10787 Pre skor VAS ,24 23,515 Post skor VAS ,94 12,127 Selisih skor XI ,71 1,160 Selisih skor VAS ,29 19,403 Selisih laju aliran 17,05,25,1382,06502 Valid N (listwise) Uji normalitas data kelompok kontrol Tests of Normality b,c,d Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic Df Sig. Statistic Df Sig. Pre XI,142 17,200*,913 17,112 Post XI,121 17,200*,957 17,573 Pre laju aliran,191 17,101,931 17,230 Post laju aliran,212 17,041,939 17,304 Selisih skor XI,117 17,200*,961 17,647 Selisih laju alian,181 17,141,917 17,130 *. This is lower bound of the true significance. a. Liliefors Significance Correction b. pre skor VAS is constant. It has been omitted. c. pre skor VAS is constant. It has been omitted. d. selisih skor VAS is constant. It has been omitted.

12 5. Uji normalitas data kelompok perlakuan Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic Df Sig. Statistic Df Sig. Pre XI,216 17,033,814 17,003 Post XI,311 17,000,739 17,000 Pre laju aliran,210 17,044,869 17,021 Post laju aliran,238 17,011,909 17,095 Pre skor VAS,519 17,000,399 17,000 Post skor VAS,537 17,000,262 17,000 Selisih skor XI,188 17,111,925 17,183 Selisih skor VAS,490 17,000,307 17,000 Selisih laju alian,192 17,095,917 17,129 a. Liliefors Significance Correction 6. Uji beda antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan a. Independent t-test Selisih skor XI Selisih laju aliran Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Levene s Test for Equality of Variances Independent Samples Test F Sig. t Df t-test for Equality of Means Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Differen ce 95% Confidence Interval of The Difference Lower Upper 9,632,004 6,708 32,000 4,529,675 3,154 5,905 6,708 22,439,000 4,529,675 3,131 5,928 18,093,000-2,289 32,029 -,11471, , , ,289 19,475,033 -,11471, , ,00998

13 b. Uji Mann Whitney Test Statistics b Selisih skor VAS Mann-Whitney U 127,500 Wilcoxon W 280,500 Z -1,435 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed),151 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)],563 a a. Not corrected for ties b. Grouping Variable: kelompok 7. Uji normalitas data skor XI, skor VAS, dan laju aliran kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic Df Sig. Statistic Df Sig. Selisih skor XI,191 34,003,930 34,032 Selisih laju alian,225 34,000,871 34,001 Selisih skor VAS,517 34,000,195 34,000 a. Lilliefors Significance Correction 8. Hubungan penurunan keluhan xerostomia dan laju aliran Uji korelasi Spearman Correlations Spearman s rho Selisih laju aliran selisih laju aliran selisih skor XI Correlation Coefficient 1,000 -,349* Sig. (2-tailed).,043 N Selisih skor XI Correlation Coefficient -,349* 1,000 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) Sig. (2-tailed),043. N 34 34

14 Correlations Spearman s rho Selisih laju aliran selisih laju aliran selisih skor VAS Correlation Coefficient 1,000 -,043 Sig. (2-tailed).,811 N Selisih skor VAS Correlation Coefficient -,043 1,000 Sig. (2-tailed),811. N 34 34

15 Lampiran 5. Kuesioner XI dan VAS

16 Lampiran 6. Formulir data sampel

17 Lampiran 7. Dokumentasi penelitian

18 Lampiran 8. Biodata mahasiswa Identitas Nama NIM : Annisa Rizqi : G2A Tempat/tanggal lahir : Pati, 9 Mei 1991 Jenis kelamin Alamat : Perempuan : Jl. Gergaji IV No.1114A Semarang Nomor Telepon : - Nomor HP : anicehopes@gmail.com Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD : SD Pati Kidul 01 Lulus tahun: SMP : SMP N 3 Pati Lulus tahun: SMA : SMA N 1 Pati Lulus tahun: FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009 Keanggotaan Organisasi 1. Asisten Farmakologi FK Undip Tahun 2012 s/d Sie logistik Scientific Fair FK Undip Tahun 2011 Pengalaman mengikuti lomba karya ilmiah 1. Anis Rahmawati, Annisa Rizqi, Atika Nurmalitasari, Bagus Indra Cahya: Pengaruh Pemberian Permen Karet yang Mengandung Xylitol terhadap Penurunan Keluhan Mulut Kering (Xerostomia) pada Pasien Paskaterapi Radiasi Kepala Leher dan Usia Tua. (didanai Dikti)

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