Referensi untuk kajian: cultural studies, architectural studies, both

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1 Referensi untuk kajian: cultural studies, architectural studies, both Wiwik D Pratiwi Metoda untuk memahami: Arsitektur, budaya & pembangunan Arsitektur, budaya, & pembangunan S A P Kuliah ini membahas arsitektur sebagai wujud dari tindakan pembangunan tempat, yang responsif terhadap budaya dan penciptaan budaya. Budaya dilihat sebagai proses komunitas, dalam kaitannya dengan penggunaan dan pemanfaatan ruang. Dan peran arsitektur dibahas sebagai fasilitator budaya komunitas dan sebagai agen perubahan. 1

2 Ilustrasi peran arsitektur dlm kreasi budaya baru Animasi Sungsang Transformasi? Penciptaan budaya baru di Sungsang? Responsif terhadap budaya existing? Architecture Culture Development 2

3 Development Architecture Culture 3

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8 Cultural & social studies > research Philosophical foundation Research methodology Research method Research technique Analytical method Analytical frameworks Conclusion Research Paradigms Ontological questions: What is the nature of reality? What do we know? Epistemological questions: What is the nature of knowledge and the relationship between the researcher and that being researched? How do we know what we know? Methodological questions: How can the seeker go about obtaining the desired knowledge and understanding? What is the process or procedure of research? 8

9 Research Paradigms Rhetorical questions: What is the language of research? Axiological questions: What is the role of values in research? Four Major Research Paradigms Positivist/Post positivist Interpretive/Constructivist Emancipatory/Critical > Participatory > design process? Deconstructivist 9

10 Assumptions of Major Paradigms Participatory rural appraisal? Assumptions Positivism/ Post Positivist Interpretive/ Constructivist Emancipatory Ontological (What is the nature of reality?) One reality; knowable within limits of probability Multiple, subjective, socially constructed realities Multiple realities shaped by social, political, cultural, economic, ethnic, gender, orientation, and disability values Epistemological (What is the nature of knowledge; the relationship between knower and would-be known?) Objectivity is important; researcher manipulates and observes in dispassionate, objective manner. Attempts to lessen distance between self and what is being researched; values are made explicit; Interactive link between researcher and participants;knowledge is socially and historically situated. Assumptions of Major Paradigms Participatory rural appraisal? Assumptions Positivism/ Post Positivist Interpretive/ Constructivist Emancipatory Methodological (Approach to systematic inquiry) Axiological (What role do values play?) Rhetorical (What is the language of research?) Primarily quantitative; interventionist; decontextualized Researcher believes that values have no part in the research process; bias should be eliminated. Technical, formal style; impersonal, third-person passive voice Primarily qualitative; hermeneutical; dialectical; contextual factors described Researcher acknowledges that research is value-laden and that biases are present. Literary, informal style; personal voice; often first person More emphasis on qualitative (dialogic), but quantitative used, too; contextual and historical factors described, especially as they relate to oppression Researcher believes the process could be used to confront oppressive bias; values ending oppression Literary, informal; voice of the participants is used in direct quotes and the researcher s voice is first-person 10

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13 Architectural studies Internet source 13

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15 Cultural process (Gu venc-, 1972; Berry, 1984): 1. Enculturation 2. Cultural diffusion 3. Acculturation 4. Culturation 5. Culture shock 6. Trans-culturation 7. Cultural assimilation 8. Deculturation 9. Cultural change Berry, J. W. (1984). Multi-cultural policy in Canada; A social psychological analysis. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 16, Berry, J. W. (1997). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Berry, J. W., et al. (1992). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press. 15

16 Acculturation Acculturation is described as the incorporation of individuals or groups from different cultures to a de.nite culture with the moral and physical objects obtained by the cultural diffusion processes and the exchange of each others (cultures) due to interaction between them (Gu venc-,1972). The acculturation process concludes with three different behaviors (Berry, 1980): Adaptation with changes in behaviors (under acculturative in.uences) Reaction with new behaviors (under acculturative stress) Leaving environment (under acculturative stress) 16

17 Terima kasih atas perhatiannya Selamat ber-uts 17