Konsep dan Lingkup Technopreneurship KONSEP YANG BEREVOLUSI by: AGB
Kewirausahaan. Keahlian memulai atau menguatkan sebuah bisnis dalam mengidentifikasi peluang. Mencegah kegagalan pada bisnis baru. Keberanian menciptakan dan mengambil berbagai peluang bisnis. Orang yang mampu secara kreatif menembus pasar dan industri yang secara terus-menerus menghasilkan produk baru dan model-model bisnis. orang yang mampu dan dapat merubah ide baru atau invensi menjadi inovasi yang berhasil. Orang yang berani mengambil resiko dalam ketidakpastian.
Tipe ketidakpastian Risk, terukur secara statistik (5 bola merah dan 5 bola putih) Ambiguity, sulit diukur secara statistik (5 bola mera dan bola putih tidak diketahui) True Uncertainty, tidak mungkin terukur secara statistik (bola merah dan putih tidak diketahui jumlahnya)
wirausaha True uncertainty Sebelum ada internet, tidak ada orang yang tahu kalo web seperti Amazon, Google, YouTube, Yahoo dan lain-lain merupakan peluang pasar yang luar biasa Kalaupun pasar sudah eksis, tapi tidak ada orang yang menjamin bahwa Coca Cola berkembang dengan pesat The question is: whether a market exists and if it exists for you. Entrepreneurship is widely regarded as an integral player in the business culture of American life, and particularly as an engine for job creation and economic growth. (Robert Sobel published The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition)
DEFINISI Wirausaha Wirausaha adalah ahlinya mengambil resiko (Cantillon, 1697) Wirausaha adalah individu yang berorientasi pada tindakan dan bermotivasi tinggi, serta berani mengambil resiko dalam mengejar tujuannya (Meredith, 1996)
DEFINISI Wirausaha Someone who runs a business at his own financial Risk (Webster Dictionary) One who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise (Merriem Webster Dictionary) Orang yang mengawinkan ide-ide kreatif dengan tindakan yang bertujuan dan berstruktur dari bisnis (Zimmerer and Scarborough)
EVOLUSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN Saat ini, ENTREPRENUER diartikan juga sebagai seorang INOVATOR, PENGGERAK PEMBANGUNAN, yang akan merubah PELUANG menjadi IDE yang dapat dijual, dan PENINGKATAN NILAI TAMBAH melalui efisiensi waktu, tenaga kerja, uang dan peningkatan keterampilan. Seorang ENTREPRENEUR merupakan KATALIS yang agresif untuk perubahan bisnis dan pertumbuhan ekonomi dunia
AGRIPRENEUR adalah individu yang memiliki pengendalian tertentu terhadap alat-alat produksi dan menghasilkan lebih banyak daripada yang dapat dikonsumsinya atau dijual atau ditukarkan agar memperoleh pendapatan (McClelland, 1961)
TECHNOPRENEUR adalah pencipta kekayaan melalui inovasi, teknologi, pertumbuhan pekerjaan dan ekonomi, dan pembagian kekayaan yang bergantung pada kerja keras dan pengambilan resiko (Bygrave, 1987)
ENTREPRENEURSHIP TIDAK HANYA SEKEDAR ORANG YANG MENGELOLA BISNIS SAJA SECARA RUTIN AKAN TETAPI BERKAITAN JUGA DENGAN KEPEMIMPINAN (JOSEPH SCHUMPETER, 1951) ENTREPERNEURSHIP DIDALAMNYA TERDAPAT PRILAKU: (1) MENGAMBIL INISIATIF, (2) MENGORGANISASI SUMBERDAYA MELALUI MEKANISME SISTEM EKONOMI DAN SOSIAL, DAN (3) KEINGINAN UNTUK MENGAMBIL RESIKO DAN MENERIMA KEGAGALAN (ALBERT SHAPERO, 1975) DEFINISI ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Manuel Cereijo Technopreneursip Teknologi Skill Kewirausahaan Economi TECHNOPRENEURSHIP ADALAH SEBUAH PROSES SINTESIS KEAHLIAN TEKNIK MASA DEPAN DARI INDIVIDU, ORGANISASI, NEGARA, DAN DUNIA
proses dinamis untuk menciptakan kekayaan secara bertahap. Kekayaan diciptakan oleh orang yang mengasumsikan bahwa resiko, waktu, dan karir merupakan komitmen dari nilai barang atau jasa. Bisa jadi barang atau jasa itu tidak baru atau tidak unik, yang pasti nilai yang didapat berasal dari kemampuan dalam mengalokasi sumberdaya dan tingkat skill orang tersebut (Robert C. Ronstadt )
Jadi, visi KEWIRAUSAHAAN kreasi perubahan PROSES DINAMIS
KEMAUAN UNTUK MENGAMBIL RESIKO YANG DIPERHITUNGKAN, DALAM ARTI WAKTU, EKUITAS ATAU KARIR; KEMAMPUAN MERUMUSKAN KERJASAMA TIM YANG EFEKTIF; KREATIVITAS MENGELOLA SUMBERDAYA YANG DIBUTUHKAN; KETERAMPILAN DASAR MEMBANGUN A SOLID BUSINESS PLAN ; VISI MENGENALI PELUANG PADA SAAT SITUASI DAN KONDISI TIDAK NORMAL.
Lingkup wirausaha high level of innovation combined with high level of entrepreneurship which result in the creation of new ventures as well as new sectors and industries. Challenging 'fundamental principles' like equilibrium models, rational agent, maximization paradigm, the traditional production function, by applying insight from other disciplines like theoretical physics (thermodynamics, entropy) might be the way forward in the study of entrepreneurial economics.
The term Political entrepreneur may refer to any of the following: someone (usually active in the fields of either politics or business) who founds a new political project, group, or political party a businessman who seeks to gain profit through subsidies, protectionism, government contracts, or other such favorable arrangements with government(s) through political influence. a political actor (not necessarily a politician) who seeks to further his or her own political career and popularity by pursuing the creation of policy that pleases the populace. A political entrepreneur refers to a political player who seeks to gain certain political and social benefits in return for providing the common goods that can be shared by an unorganized general public. These common goods that political entrepreneurs attempt to provide to the populace generally include foreign-and domestic-related public policy, while the benefits they hope to gain involve voter support, public recognition, and personal popularity.
Knowledge entrepreneurship describes the ability to recognize or create an opportunity and take action aimed at realizing the innovative knowledge practice or product. Knowledge entrepreneurship is different from traditional economic entrepreneurship in that it does not aim at the realization of monetary profit, but focuses on opportunities with the goal to improve the production (research) and throughput of knowledge (as in personal transformation (Harvey & Knight, 1996)), rather than to maximize monetary profit. It has been argued that knowledge entrepreneurship is the most suitable form of entrepreneurship for notfor-profit educators, researchers and educational institutions.
Social entrepreneurship is the work of a social entrepreneur. A social entrepreneur is someone who recognizes a social problem and uses entrepreneurial principles to organize, create, and manage a venture to make social change. Whereas a business entrepreneur typically measures performance in profit and return, a social entrepreneur assesses success in terms of the impact s/he has on society. While social entrepreneurs often work through nonprofits and citizen groups, many work in the private and governmental sectors. Nonprofits and non-governmental organizations, foundations, governments and individuals promote, fund, and advise social entrepreneurs around the planet. A growing number of colleges and universities are establishing programs focused on educating and training social entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship education seeks to provide students with the knowledge, skills and motivation to encourage entrepreneurial success in a variety of settings. Variations of entrepreneurship education are offered at all levels of schooling from senior schools through graduate university programs.
Digital Entrepreneurship represents a category of Entrepreneurship that leverages new technologies in novel ways such as the Internet Communications Technology. A digital entrepreneur is an individual who uses the Internet as a tool to create commercial opportunities, disseminate information, and collaborate with clients and partners.
Intrapreneurship is the practice of using entrepreneurial skills without taking on the risks or accountability associated with entrepreneurial activities. It is practiced by employees within an established organization using a systemised business model. Employees, perhaps engaged in a special project within a larger firm are supposed to behave as entrepreneurs, even though they have the resources and capabilities of the larger firm to draw upon. Capturing the dynamic nature of entrepreneurial management (trying things until successful, learning from failures, attempting to conserve resources, etc.) adds to the potential of an otherwise static organizations without exposing those employees or self employed people to the risks or accountability normally associated with entrepreneurial failure.
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