ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION Communication
Communication The power of communication Ways to make communication more effective Nearly 70 percent of their waking hours communicating Writing, reading, speaking & listening Communication to convey information & ideas to impart meaning to be understood
Communication Poor communication the most frequently cited source of interpersonal conflict Good communication skills are critical to career success Transfer and understanding of meaning
Functions of Communication Major functions within a group or organization: Control Authority hierarchies Formal guidelines Motivation Performance review & feedback Goal-setting Emotional expression Feeling Fulfillment of social needs Information Decision making to identify and evaluate alternative choices
Communication Process (1) Sender Initiator of a message Encoding Message The actual physical product of the sender s encoding Channels (Formal & Informal) The medium through which the message travels
Communication Process (2) Decoding Receiver The person to whom the message is directed Noise Communication barriers that distort the clarity of the message Feedback The check on how successful we have been in transferring our messages as originally intended to determine whether understanding has been achieved
Classroom Exercise (1) Interpersonal Communication Oral Communication Written Communication Nonverbal Communication Organizational Communication Formal Small-Group Networks The Grapevine Electronic Communication
Interpersonal Communication Komunikasi Interpersonal Merupakan proses penyampaian pesan dari komunikator (pengirim pesan) kepada komunikan (penerima pesan) melalui media.
Interpersonal Communication Masalah : 1. Memikirkan tentang apa yang akan di komunikasikan 2. Melatih cara berkomunikasi 3. Mempelajari keterampilan dalam berkomunikasi Tiga jalur dalam komunikasi interpersonal: 1. Oral Communication (verbal) 2. Written Communication (tertulis) 3. Nonverbal Communication
Interpersonal Communication Oral Communication Nonverbal Communication: 1. Body Language 2. Paralanguage 3. Artifacts Written Communication
Organizational Communication Formal small-group networks Chain Wheel All-channel
Organizational Communication Grapevine Tiga karakteristik: Tidak dikontrol oleh management Lebih dapat dipercaya dan reliabel Memberi kepentingan bagi orang-orang di dalamnya Kelebihan: Memberi manajer perasaan semangat untuk organisasinya Mengidentifikasikan masalah-masalah penting pada pekerja Membantu kebutuhan karyawan (closeness & friendship)
Organizational Communicate Electronic Communication E-mail IM & text messaging Networking software Blogs Video conferencing
Classroom Exercise (2) Barriers to Effective Communication Filtering Selective Perception Information Overload Emotions Language Silence Communication Apprehension Gender Differences Politically Correct Communication
Barriers to Effective Communication Frame of Reference : Perbedaan individu dan pengalamannya yang membedakan interpretasi. Selective Listening : Memblok informasi baru dikarenakan adanya believe. Value Judgments : Informasi yang diterima berdasarkan evaluasi receiver terhadap komunikator. Source Credibility : Tingkat kredibilitas komunikator mempengaruhi receiver dalam menerima informasi
Filtering : Memanipulasi informasi sehingga receiver merasakan informasi positif. In Group Language : Jargon atau bahasa dalam organisasi yang tidak mudah dipahami outsider. Status Differences : Status dianggap sebagai ancaman dan penghalang. Time Pressures : Keterbatasan waktu untuk berkomunikasi Communication overload : Terlalu banyak informasi dan pesan yang diterima oleh receiver.
Global Implication Cultural Barriers Cultural Context A Cultural Guide Differences Similarity Description Interpretation / Evaluation Empathy Interpretation Working Hypothesis