Jenis Wawancara. Wawancara terpimpin, bebas, bebas terpimpin, diagnostic. wawancara, tradisional dan non tradisional. Oktaviana Sasmita, S.Psi, M.

Transkripsi

1 Modul ke: 02 Nursakinah Fakultas PSIKOLOGI Jenis Wawancara Wawancara terpimpin, bebas, bebas terpimpin, diagnostic. wawancara, tradisional dan non tradisional Oktaviana Sasmita, S.Psi, M.Si Program Studi

2 Interchanging Roles Directive Approach The interviewer establishes the purpose of the interview and attempts to control the pacing, climate, formality, and drift of the interview Nondirective Approach Interviewee(s) have significant control over the subject matter, length of answers, climate and formality. Combination Approaches

3 Interpersonal Communcation Parties R E R E

4 Perceptions Perceptions of Self Self-concept Self-esteem Perceptions of the Other Party Cultural Differences Perceptions of the other party s age, sex, race, etc. Perceptions may (and perhaps should ) change as the interview progresses

5 All slides based on Interviewing: Communication Interactions Levels of Interaction Level 1: relatively safe and nonthreatening (facts and figures about life) Level 2: personal, controversial or threatening topics about beliefs, attitudes, values and positions. Level 3: intimate and controversial areas of life responses include full disclosure of feelings, beliefs, etc.

6 All slides based on Interviewing: Communication Interactions Sex, Culture and Interaction Sex: women tend to disclose more than men and are allowed to express emotions more openly Culture: cultures vary in how, when and to whom self-disclosure is appropriate Politeness Theory holds that all persons want to be appreciated and protected

7 All slides based on Interviewing: Communication Interactions Verbal Interactions Words are imperfect and often lead to miscommunication as much as they may communicate I.E., Multiple Meanings, Ambiguities, Sound Alikes, Connotations, Jargon, Slang, Euphemisms, Naming/Labeling, Word Order, Power Words, Regional Differences, Gender and Global Differences

8 All slides based on Interviewing: Communication Interactions Nonverbal Interactions Up to two-thirds of meaning is conveyed in nonverbal communications (facial expression, body posture, gestures, etc.)

9 All slides based on Interviewing: Feedback Feedback verifies what is being communicated and how well it is being communicated. Communicated verbally and nonverbally

10 Listening Styles Listening for Comprehension Receiving, understanding and remembering the message as accurately and completely as possible to understand content Listening for Empathy Communicating genuine concern, understanding and involvement with the person s subjective frame of reference. to understand the other party

11 All slides based on Interviewing: Listening Styles Listening for Evaluation Critical Listening : Judging what you hear and observe to judge content and actions Listening for Resolution Dialogic Listening: focus on ours rather than mine or yours appropriate for problemsolving interviews where the purpose is joint resolution

12 All slides based on Interviewing: The Interview Situation Surroundings (atmosphere, climate, noise, presence of others/privacy) Time (time of day, week, year) Place (on whose turf ) Proximity and Seating (arrangement, comfort)

13 All slides based on Interviewing: Outside Forces Family, associates, friends, etc. may influence the progression of the interview No one comes to the interview from a vacuum we bring our lives with us.

14 Komunikasi Proses penyampaian pesan/informasi dari seseorang kepada orang lain (2 orang atau lebih) Menggunakan lambang-lambang tertentu. Menimbulkan perubahan tingkah laku.

15 Komponen Komunikasi Pengirim/komunikator (sender) Penerima/komunikan (reciever) Pesan/informasi (message) Penyandian (encoding) Pembalikan sandi (decoding) Saluran/media (channel) Pengumpanbalikan (feed back) Gangguan (noise) Latar belakang Harapan Pendidikan Konsep tentang situasi Sistem nilai

16 Hambatan dalam Komunikasi Adanya pengaruh pengalaman masa lalu. Adanya pengaruh pengertian makna atas lambang yang pernah diartikan. Lebih menilai pada si komunikator daripada isi informasinya. Perbedaan pengamatan. Perbedaan kepentingan. Adanya faktor-faktor perasaan yang mengganggu.

17 Kecemasan dalam Komunikasi Takut dinilai; terutama segi-segi yang negatif. Takut penyalahgunaan informasi. Takut terungkapnya kenyataan mengenai dirinya. Takut atau cemas bila pengalaman pahit di masa lalu dibicarakan.

18 Kecemasan dalam Komunikasi (contd...) Mengatasinya dengan: Tunjukkan minat dan atensi yang sungguhsungguh tanpa ingin menyelidiki. Tanggap dan penuh pengertian tanpa menilai. Reseptif tanpa menuntut.

19 Terima Kasih Nursakinah Oktaviana Sasmita, S.Psi,M.Si