diberikan (Materi VI-X): Pres kel-1-5 bahas kel DISKUSI KELOMPOK (IV)

Transkripsi

1 9. PROGRAM BREEDING TERNAK RUMINANSIA DI DAERAH TROPIS DAN SUB TROPIS 10. PROGRAM BREEDING TERNAK NON- RUMINANSIA DI DAERAH TROPIS DAN SUB TROPIS 11. GENETIC CONSERVATION 12. PEMBENTUKAN BANGSA BARU 13. APLIKASI BIOTEKNOLOGI DALAM PEMULIAAN TERNAK 14. DISKUSI KELOMPOK Perbandingan penerapan program breeding ternak ruminansia dalam peningkatan kualitas genetik ternak di Indonesia dan dunia (kel 1) Perbandingan penerapan program breeding ternak nonruminansia dalam peningkatan kualitas genetik ternak di Indonesia dan dunia (kel 2) Program pelestarian ternak asli dan lokal Indonesia (eks situ, in situ, laboratorium) Kel 3) Pembentukan bangsa baru ternak ruminansia dan nonruminansia (kel 4) Kemajuan genetik dengan aplikasi bioteknologi (kel 5) Penyusunan makalah tentang materi yang telah (III) diberikan (Materi VI-X): Pres kel-1-5 bahas kel DISKUSI KELOMPOK (IV) Penyusunan makalah tentang materi yang telah diberikan (Materi VI-X): ATAU TUGAS MEMBUAT RANGKUMAN (Individual) 16. UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER

2 PROGRAM PELESTARIAN TERNAK ASLI DAN LOKAL INDONESIA (Ex situ, In Situ-Labo) 6,379 livestock and poultry breeds Livestock and poultry breeds, globally Extinct 740 breeds Critical or endangered 1694 breeds Other 3945 breeds Source: FAO

3 Turkey Duck Ass Domestic animal breeds at risk around the world breeds at risk breeds not at risk Pig Goat Chicken Horse Cattle Sheep Number of breeds Largest diversity in developing countries

4 With the introduction of industrial farm production bio-diversity is vanishing at rapid rate; every year about 34,000 plant and 5,200 animal species disappear, a rate times higher than the losses expected through natural processes. * About 1,000 of the 7,616 recognized livestock & poultry breeds extinct in the last 100 years, and 300 of these alone during the last 15 years. * Another 2,000 breeds are at stake if no countermeasures for their conservation are taken.

5 Major reasons behind heritage loss: Non-adoption of breeding plan and unrestricted interbreeding among different breeds. Growing trend of global reliance on a limited number of selected breeds. Degradation of ecosystems. Fluctuating market requirements. Diseases and natural disasters. Political unrest and instability PELESTARIAN INSITU Pelestarian insitu adalah pelestarian yang dilakukan di habitat aslinya. Contoh pelestarian insitu antara lain :????? PELESTARIAN EX SITU Pelestraian ex situ adalah pelestarian yang dilajukan di luar habitat aslinya.

6 GENETIC (materials) CONSERVATION

7 POSISI INDONESIA? KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (HEWAN) 35 spesies primata, 515 mamalia (kedua di dunia), 515 reptilia (keempat didunia), 1531 spesies burung (kelima di dunia), 270 amfibi (keenam di dunia) Catatan: Perlindungan materi genetik Ilegal : hewan/ternak/sel/dna

8 Why conserve diversity? Exotic genetic resources not sustainable Indiscriminate crossbreeding Genetic resources for future needs How to conserve diversity? Mainstream biodiversity among: - Public - Political and technical decision makers

9 No agricultural diversity without domestic animal diversity the important contribution of communities in conserving domestic animal diversity. Domestic animals are key to agriculture and especially to food security. To safeguard domestic animal diversity is an essential step to maintain agricultural diversity as a whole!

10 Concept of Characterization and Conservation of Farm Animal Genetic Resources?? Farm Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) include all animal species, breeds and strains (and their wild relatives) that are of economic, scientific and cultural interest to humankind in terms of food and agricultural production for the present or in the future.

11 Genetic Diversity in AnGR in India and Indonesia? ( NUMBER OF BREEDs) Species As per World Watch List As per Indian literature Cattle Buffalo Indonesia? Yak 5 Nil - Sheep Goat Horse 7 6 Donkey 3 Nil Camel 9 (+1 Bactrian) 8 Pig 8 Nil Rabbit 3 Nil Fowl Quail 2 Nil Duck 6 Nil

12 Strategies for Characterization & Conservation Identification and listing of all the available animal genetic resources. Breed description and characterization to understand their unique qualities and potential contributions. Prioritizing the breed for characterization and conservation based on their population structure, economic utility and genetic diversity. Establishment of breed societies for conservation of the breed in-situ. Creation of data-base on indigenous animal genetic resources. Development of technology for collection and freezing of genetic material. Documentation and creation of mass awareness.