I. FOOD CROPS. Food crops were produced carbohydrate as sources of protein and energy for humans

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2 I. FOOD CROPS Food crops were produced carbohydrate as sources of protein and energy for humans Wheat (Triticum aesticum L.) Is the single most important crop on a global scale. Used for human & animal nutrition. World annualy production 600 Mt Provides 20 % energy & 25 % protein 6.6 billion people of the world

3 GANDUM DI INDONESIA Penggiling/penumbuk gandum menjadi tepung di Indonesia PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Bogasari Flour Mills Kebutuhan terigu (tepung gandum) 3,2 juta ton/tahun Bahan utama pembuat roti, mie, martabak dan lainnya 70 % tepung gandum Indofood 18 % UKM; 1 kg terigu Rp (Nop 2003) 15 mangkok mie Tanaman gandum di ndonesia baru pd tingkat penelitian Produktifitas 5 ton/ha di KPC (1.600 m dpl 18 C)

4 WHEAT VAR. DEWATA IN EAST JAVA

5 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) The second most important food crops globally in terms of sources of energy and protein in human nutrition. World annualy production 500 Mt 1.6 billion people

6 That is Some 70% of the world s poor! and nearly all of them eat rice two or three times a day! Human Development Report, % of the world s rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Current annual demand for rice in Asia is 533 million tons of paddy Robert S. Zeigler Director General International Rice Research Institute (International Rice Conference IAARD IRRI. Bali, Indonesia September th 2005.)

7 Nutrition from rice (selected Asian countries, 1999) Calories Protein Sources: FAO online database (2001); World Development Report (2002); World Bank

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9 Maize (Zea mays L.) Indian corn America; The third food crops globally, with three main purposes : 1. human food particulary in the tropic (energy & protein), 2. feed for livestock (two - thirds of total in feed grains). 3. raw material or many industrial products; Planted at : km Mt (4 t.ha--1); Have C4 photosynthetic pathway; Indonesia imported ± 1 million ton per year

10 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Potato makes the largest contribution to the total production of tuber crops. Annual world production currently totals 274 million ton on 18 million ha. The Russian federation rank as the world s largest producer, followed closely by China. In the early 1990s, 30 % of the global potato output was produced in developing countries, Asia, Africa & Latin America

11 Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Geographic origin : China; The fifth most important food crops globally or ranked no 5 worldwide among the 30 leading food crops; Grain legumes are one of the primary sources of protein for humans and their animals; Important grain legumes because of higher protein and oils; The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher than that of stored carbohydrates; Sensitive to photoperiod; days old with daily air temperatur C; Indonesia imported 1.5 million ton per year

12 II. HORTICULTURE CROPS Fruits Penghasil gizi & vitamin unt pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan ; tan hias untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan jiwa & pendukung lingkungan untuk melestarikan ekosistem kehidupan Alpokat (Persea americana Mill.) Durian (Durio zibethinus) Nanas (Ananas comusus) Jeruk (Citrus sp.) Mangga (Manginfera indica L.) Pisang (Musa paradisica L.)

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15 Vegetables Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) Brokoli (Brassica oleraceae var Italica Plenck.) Cabe (Capsicum sp.) Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Kubis (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata) Mentimun (Cucumis sativus) Terong (Solanum melongena L.) Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) Wortel (Daucus carota L.)

16 Ornamentals Plants Tanaman bunga potong Tanaman pot (out door & indoor plant)

17 Medicines Plants Jahe Temulawak Kunyit Sambiloto Kapulaga Mahkota Dewa Gingko giloba

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19 III. Tanaman pakan ternak, penghasil biji-bijian dan hijauan untuk makanan ternak Jagung Rumput gajah/elephant grass Kacang-kacangan

20 IV. INDUSTRY CROPS Tanaman penghasil bahan pendukung utama bagi kebutuhan hidup manusia Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.), Beet Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Karet (Hevea braziliensis l.) Kopi (Coffea sp.) Teh (Camelia sinensis L.) Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Kapas (Gossypium sp.) Ketela pohon (Manihot esculenta) Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) Kelapa sawit (Elais guinensis) Bambu, Kenaf, Pisang Abaca, Acacia sp

21 BAMBO BICYCLE

22 V. BIOFUEL CROPS Sawit, Kelapa, Bunga matahari, Kedelai, Canola, Jarak

23 Prospek Industri Kelapa Sawit by Ir. Michael PT. Sinar Mas, FKPT-PI Manado 2006 VERY PROMISING Posisi # 2 terpopuler di dunia sebagai minyak yang dapat dikonsumsi (kedelai = 31%, kelapa sawit = 24%) Pertumbuhan permintaannya tertinggi di dunia (kelapa sawit = 9%, kedelai = 8%) Indonesia merupakan produsen minyak kelapa sawit terbesar kedua di dunia Diproyeksikan menjadi yang terbesar karena keunggulan kompetitifnya (ketersediaan lahan, kualitas tanah yang baik, tenaga kerja yang berlimpah, iklim yang menunjang) Indonesia diperkirakan bisa mengungguli Malaysia di tahun 2010

24 Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil Food

25 Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil Non Food Pharmaceutical Tobacco Soap Cosmetics Paper Industry Textiles Detergents Animal Feed Inks Rubber Explosive Toiletries Lubricant Leather Industry Steel mill application Diesel substitute

26 Tumbuhan Indonesia Penghasil Minyak-Lemak Nama Nama Latin Sumber Kadar, %-b kering P / NP Jarak pagar Jatropha curcas Inti biji NP Sawit Elais guineensis Sabut + dg buah P Kapok/randu Ceiba pentandra Biji NP Kelapa Cocos nucifera Daging buah P Kecipir Psophocarpus tetrag. Biji P Kelor Moringa oleifera Biji P Kusambi Sleichera trijuga Daging biji NP Nimba Azadirachta indica Daging biji NP Saga utan Adenanthera pavonina Inti biji P Akar kepayang Hodgsonia macrocarpa Biji 65 P Gatep pait Samadera indica Biji 35 NP Kepoh Sterculia foetida Inti biji NP Ketiau Madhuca mottleyana Inti biji P Nyamplung Callophyllum inophyllum Inti biji NP Randu alas Bombax malabaricum Biji NP Seminai Madhuca utilis Inti biji P Siur (-siur) Xanthophyllum lanceatum Biji P Tengkawang tungkul Shorea stenoptera Inti biji P Tengk. terindak Isoptera borneensis Inti biji P Bidaro Ximenia americana Inti biji NP Bintaro Cerbera manghas/odollam Biji NP Bulangan Gmelina asiatica Biji? NP Cerakin/Kroton Croton tiglium Inti biji NP Kampis Hernandia peltata Biji? NP Kemiri cina Aleurites trisperma Inti biji? NP Nagasari (gede) Mesua ferrea Biji NP Sirsak Annona muricata Inti biji NP Srikaya Annona squamosa Biji NP P minyak/lemak Pangan (edible fat/oil), NP minyak/lemak Non-Pangan (nonedible fat/oil). Sumber: Soerawidjaja, 2004

27 Jatropha curcas JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha cucrcas L) Tanaman tahunan sampai 50 tahun, berbentuk semak, tinggi mencapai 3 5 m. Daun agak lebar, berwarna hijau muda sampai hijau tua, semi menjari, dengan 5 7 lekukan. Berbuah pada berumur 6 bln setelah tanam, produksi maksimal tercapai setelah umur 4 tahun. Biji berbentuk oval dengan berat 0,4 0,6 g/biji, kadar minyak % (dari kernel %). Pada kondisi optimal dapat dipanen 2-3 kali per tahun. Sumber : Dr. David Allorerung, 2005

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