helps nurses understand, apply and develop appropriate treatment plans in their practice

Transkripsi

1

2 Berdasarkan ukuran dari bagian yang dipelajari, anatomi dibagi menjadi : Anatomi makroskopik Anatomi mikroskopik ( Histologi) (nano) [electron microscope] helps nurses understand, apply and develop appropriate treatment plans in their practice

3

4 Levels of Structural Organization (Organisasi struktural) Atom Sel Jaringan Organ System Organ Organisme Cara berpikir

5

6 Body organs and structures contain two types of tissues: The parenchymal tissues contain the functioning cells of an organ or body part (e.g., hepatocytes, renal tubular cells). The stromal tissues consist of the supporting connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerve fibers

7

8 UMUM Sel unit struktural dan fungsional dr kehidupan cell theory: all living things are composed of cells, and new cells arise only from preexisting cells

9

10 Epithel Jaringan ikat Otot Syaraf

11 4 BASIC TISSUE/primary tissue/jaringan Dasar: - Epithelia - Connective tissue/aringan ikat - Muscle/Otot - Nervous/Saraf Gambaran & fungsi khusus

12 4 BASIC TISSUE/Jaringan Dasar: - Epithel menutupi - Jaringan ikat mengikat, menghubungan, - Otot menggerakkan - Otot polos - Otot skeletal - Otot jantung - Saraf meneruskan impuls ( pesan )

13 BATASAN (definisi) : lapisan khusus, terdiri dari kumpulan sel2 yg saling melekat, dg matrix interceluler minimal, yg pada umumnya menutupi/ melapisi permukaan dalam dan-atau luar tubuh

14 KARAKTERISTIK : - Menyusun diri berupa lapisan fungsi melapisi - Saling berdekatan intercellular junction - Celah antar sel sedikit - Avaskular - Di atas membrana basalis - High regenerative capacity - Polarity

15 FUNGSI - Umum : Membatasi permukaan/dalam cavitas - Khusus(berdasar lokasi) : TRANSPORT transeluler difusi, karier, vesikel Absorbsi endocytosis Sekresi exocytosis Proteksi Permeabilitas selektif tight junction (*)

16 Topografi polarity Permukaan lateral (samping) Permukaan basal ( bawah ) Peermukaan apikal ( atas )

17 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTION Permukaan LATERAL Junctional complex ( ) = Terminal bars Gap junction/(communicating junction; nexus salah satu bentuk hubungan antar sel tdd connexon Utk ion dan metabolik Interdigitasi lateral

18 Permukaan LATERAL Junctional complex : - Terdiri dari Tight junction/zonula occludens Intermediate junction/zonula adherens/belt desmosome Desmosome/macula adherens (punctum adherens)

19 Permukaan BASAL Functions of the basement membrane Provides support and attachment for the epithelial cells Selective diffusion barrier

20 Macam : Microvilli immotile, inti actin Permukaan APIKAL Stereocilia immotile, juga mengandung fil.actin, lbh panjang Cilia inti microtubulus

21 KORELASI KLINIS edema, jaundice, diarrhea, and blood-borne metastasis Kartagener syndrome Pemphigoid bullosa

22 Klasifikasi EPITHEL Selapis: Berlapis:

23 PIPIH Bentuk dasar Notice the position of nucleus, too KOLUMNER kuboid

24 Epithelia Selapis

25 Epithel Berlapis Squamous E.g. epidermis Transitional epithelium E.g. urinary structures- -bladder Stretches from 6 cells to 3 cells thick as bladder fills and expands Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.

26

27 Epithel Kelenjar Modifikasi dr epithel Cavity Ep A portion of an epithelium grows into the underlying supporting connective tissue. The downgrowth develops into a secretory portion and a duct. This is an exocrine gland. If the duct disappears, an extensive capillary network collects the secretions in an endocrine Gland (4). 1 3 Klj. endokrin 4 2 Klj. exocrine

28 Epithel Jaringan ikat Otot Syaraf

29 FUNGSI : Mengikat Membentuk kompartemen Penunjang Pelindung Penyimpanan Repair Transpor

30 Tidak terpapar lingkungan luar secara langsung Komponen dasar: (1) specialized cells, (2) extracellular protein fibers, and (3) a fluid known as the ground substance

31 KOMPONEN ( klasifikasi) * KOMPONEN INTERSELULER (= matrix): Ground substace Serabut :* kolagen * elastik * reticular * KOMPONEN SELULER Sel : * fibroblast * Fibrocyte * Makrofag * Mast cell * Plasma cell * Adipocyte * Sel derivat darah

32 Fibroblast, Fibrocyte : berfungsi produksi, sekresi, dan mempertahankan komponen matrix extrasel Mast cell : berperan dlm respon inflamasi Makrofag : Fagositosis Sel Plasma : pembentukan Antibodi Sel Lemak : untuk penyimpanan lemak Sel lain derivat darah p.u Lekosit. (Eosinofil, Limfosit). P.u berperan dalam sistem imun

33 KLASIFIKASI Embryonal Adult

34 Adult

35 J.I padat teratur J.I longgar Jaringan ikat sejati ( connective tissue proper) J.I padat TIDK teratur

36 Ji Elastik Adipose tissue

37 osteon Cartilago Supporting connective tissue

38 KORELASI KLINIS Keloid Fibrosis Wound healing (incl fracture healing) Immune system Hematologi

39 Epithel Jaringan ikat Otot Syaraf

40 Otot bergari s Otot Polos Otot JANTUNG

41 Korelasi Myalgia Myosistis Myopathy Spasme Paralisis Atrophy

42 Epithel Jaringan ikat Otot Syaraf

43 Medula spinalis cerebrum

44

45 Korelasi Neuropathy Wallerian degeneration Nyeri radikuler Nyeri

46

47 Contoh : System GIT terdiri dari organ2 : Esophagus Gaster Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Caecum System CVS terdiri dari organ2 : Jantung Arteri Vena Kapiler

48 Contoh : Pembuluh darah (Arteri dan vena) Dilapisi jaringan epithel selapis pipih di bagian dalam Di lapisan tengah dilapisi jaringan otot polos Di sisi luar terdapat jaringan ikat longgar Dipersarafi oleh jaringan saraf

49

50 Part of Nursing Assesment

51 Any question???

52