WORK METHOD AND MOTION STUDY W O R K D E S I G N A N D E R G O N O M I C S

Transkripsi

1 WORK METHOD AND MOTION STUDY W O R K D E S I G N A N D E R G O N O M I C S

2 1. VISUAL MOTION STUDY First classification of motion study commonly used because of the lesser cost than the micromotion study. Measuring by direct observation

3 THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS(basic motion elements)

4 THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS 17 elemen-elemen gerakan dasar (Therblig) dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi effective dan ineffective. Effective Therblig : Physical Basic divisions : - Menjangkau (reach), lambang huruf RE - Membawa (move), lambang huruf M - Melepas (release), lambang huruf RL - Memegang (grasp), lambang huruf G - Mengarahkan awal (pre position), lambang PP Objective Basic Divisions : - Memakai (use), lambang huruf U - Merakit (assemble), lambang huruf A - Mengurai rakit (disassemble), lambang DA

5 THE THERBLIG ELEMENTS Ineffective Therblig : Mental atau semi mental Basic Devisions - Mencari (search), lambang huruf S - Memilih (select), lambang huruf SE - Mengarahkan (position), lambang huruf P - Memeriksa (inspect), lambang huruf I - Merencana (plan), lambang huruf PL Delay - Kelambatan yang tidak terhindarkan UD (unavoidable delay) - Kelambatan yang dapat dihindarkan AD (avoidable delay) - Istirahat untuk menghilangkan lelah R (rest to overcome fatique) - Memegang untuk memakai (hold) H

6 CONTOH : Uraian gerak seseorang yang akan menulis, dimulai dari menjangkau untuk mengambil pen sampai mengembalikannya pen kembali ke tempat semula (pen holder) Langkah dalam penulisan 1. Mengambil pen 2. Memegang pen 3. Membawa pen ke kertas 4. Mengarahkan pen untuk menulis 5. Menulis 6. Mengembalikan pen ke tempatnya 7. Memasukkan pen ke dlm tempatnya 8. Melepaskan pen 9. Menggerakkan kembali tangan ke kertas Nama Gerakan Menjangkau Memegang Membawa Mengarahkan Memakai Membawa Mengarahkan sementara Melepas Menjangkau (transport empty)

7 WORK METHOD STUDY Method study : systematical investigation and documentation activity of how the work is done. Method study : understanding the optimal techniques and principals of a work system. Method study Work system components : materials machines & tools workers environment Work system alternatives The best alternative effective (shorter time) efficient (less cost) productive

8 WORK SYSTEM COMPONENTS Raw materials supplies/input (materials) Temperature, lighting, noise, etc.) (physical environment) WORK METHOD (procedure, steps, ordering) Produk Jadi (Output) Display, ease of use (machines and tools) Ability, age, physical, experience (human/worker)

9 OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES Method study objectives Process and work method improvement Human, machine, materials improvement and economy Proper effort-fatigue of the humans involved Working layout and environment improvement Method study necessities Bottlenecks Targets/outputs does not meet planning (quantity and quality) Errors, discomforts, accidents in work

10 OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES Necessities - M.G. Stevenson High frequency and lengthy movement of materials and workers Bottlenecks An operation is being done repeatedly in a long time span Increasing scrap and rework cost Product quality not consistent Workers complaint Work fatigue need a lot of rest Benchmark from another company Labor-turnover and absenteeism

11 WORK METHOD STUDY Observe the object WHAT TO MEASURE? Define the problems Identify spectacles Problems Spectacles HOW TO MEASURE IT? Proper, valid, and reliable method Measurement Arrangement WHAT TO ACHIEVE? The Best Work System - Method evaluation - Machine evaluation - Environment evaluation - Rest/work hour evaluation - Work load evaluation - Layout evaluation

12 STEPS IN WORK METHOD STUDY Initial considerations : - Will there be any economic benefits from the outputs? YES - Adequate knowledge and skills to conduct work method study? YES - Will there be any negative reaction or response from the workers? NO Identification of work operations (method) Data collection Work operations/method documentation Work method alternatives recommendation New suggested work method implementation

13 WHAT TO CONSIDER? CONSIDERATION FORM OF COMPANY FORM OF THE MACHINES FORM OF THE WORK TIME SMALL/ TRADITIONAL BIG/ MODERNIZED AUTOMIZED MANUAL CONTINOUS BATCH - standard - SOP - Permission - layout - environment - human/worker involvement - movement - work station - job element - layout - measurement method - idle time - sampling method - job element

14 MOTION ECONOMY STUDY Motion study : A study of motions done by the workers to finish their job, to achieve effective and efficient standard motions save time and cost Objectives : To eliminate/lessen unneffective motions and replace it with the more effectives Understanding and use of work charts is vital! MOTION ECONOMY STUDY PRINCIPALS (MUNDEL) : - Eliminates unnecessary activity - Combines activity or movement - Simplifies the activity

15 MOTION ECONOMY STUDY

16 MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS 1. HUMAN BODY USE Physical condition and limitation of work movement Both hands can do works together Both hands must not be idle in one time Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the opposite direction Only use the needed parts of the body Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue Eye-movement must be focused on an area

17 1. HUMAN BODY USE Physical condition and limitation of work movement Both hands can do works together Both hands must not be idle in one time Hands movement must be symmetrical and in the opposite direction Only use the needed parts of the body Avoid fragmented movement, to avoid fatigue Eye-movement must be focused on an area

18 MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS 2. WORKPLACE Fixed layout routine movements Ease of use and comfortable materials and tools placement Layout must enable the best movement order Machines and tools dimensions must fit the body Good working environment

19 MOTION ECONOMY APPLICATIONS 3. TOOLS DESIGN Minimize manual activity use machine or tools Use multi-functioned tools Tools placement must be easy to find and reach Workload must be balanced

20 2. MICROMOTION STUDY Used when finding difficulties in determining differences between one Therbligh (work element) and another. Work element time is very fast Need to record the motion Record motions from a work cycle Play and view recorded video repeatedly Draw a conclusion Interpret the motions into SIMO (Simultaneous Motion Chart) Work motions suggestion

21 TUGAS 1. Buat kelompok 2. Cari jurnal yang membahas tentang studi gerak atau telaah metode 3. Susunlah resume jurnal yang berfokus pada metode penelitian yang dilakukan, dengan format : - pendahuluan - permasalahan - metode - hasil - analisislah metode sudah baik atau belum 4. Lengkapi dengan referensi/literatur 5. Dikumpulkan pertemuan selanjutnya