292 Memahami Penggunaan Ilmu Ekonomi

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1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abeng, E. A. Tubagus, dan Trisnantoro, L Analisis Penentuan Tarif Kamar Utama sebagai Dasar Kebijakan Subsidi Silang di RSU PKU Muhamadiyah. Magister Manajemen Rumah Sakit UGM.Yogyakarta. Tesis. Aji, S Aspek Donatur Kemanusiaan dalam Pembiayaan Perawatan Pasien tidak Mampu di Rumah Sakit Swasta Keagamaan di Yogyakarta. Magister Manajemen Rumah Sakit UGM.Yogyakarta. Tesis. Alexander, J. A. & Weiner B.J. R.J Change in The Structure, Composition, and Activity of Hospital Governing Boards, : Evidence from two National Survey. The Millbank Quarterly, Vol. 79, No. 2: Angell, M Is Academic Medicine for Sale. New England Journal of Medicine. Vol 342: Angell, M. & Relman, A. S Prescription for Profit. Washington Post: 20 June Arsyad, L Ekonomi Manajerial. Badan Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi UGM. Yogyakarta. Akira, O Introduction to the History of Disease and Healing in Indonesia. Forum of International Development Studies. Badaracco, J. L Business Ethics. Roles and Responsibilities. Irwin Publisher. Barnett, P., Perkins, R., & Pewell, M On a hiding to nothing? Assessing the corporate governance of hospital and health services in New Zealand. International Journal of Health Planning and Management 16: Baumol, W. J Business bahaviour, Value and Growth. (Rev. 1 st. ed.) New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

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4 294 Memahami Penggunaan Ilmu Ekonomi the Health Care. In Economics and Health Care. A Mill bank Reader. Ed. McKinlay J.B. MIT Press. Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M., & Swayne, L. E Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations. Blackwell Business. Dwiyanto, A Struktur dan Perilaku Birokrasi. Magister Manajemen UGM. Yogyakarta. Tesis. Farida, Kushadiwijaya, P Cara Pembayaran sebagai Modifier terhadap Pengaruh Faktor-faktor penentu Kepuasan Pasien pada Pelayanan Rawat Inap di RSU Tegalyoso. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan. Vol. 01, No.03; Folland, S. Goodman, A. C., & Stano, M The Economics of Health and Health Care. Prentice Hall. Friedman Microeconomic Policy Analysis. McGraw-Hill. Fuchs, V. R Who Shall Live? Health Economics and Social Change. Expanded Edition. World Scientific. Giddens, A The Third Way. The Renewal of Social Democracy. Blackwell Publisher. Glaser, W. A Paying the Hospital: The organization dynamics and effect of differing financial arrangements. Jossey Blass. Graboswski, H. G., & Vernon, J. M Brand Loyalty, Entry, and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals after the 1984 Drug Act. Journal of Law and Economics 35: Grossman, M On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health. Journal of Political Economy 80: Handaru, S Prinsip-prinsip Investasi untuk Manajemen RS. Mimeo. Magister Manajemen Rumahsakit UGM. Yogyakarta.Tesis. Hardjosoebroto, D., & Bal, J. M Background Information for the Dutch Mission in the field of Hospital Planning, Construction, Equipment, Management and Human Resources Development. Consultation Report. Indonesische Nederlands Associate-Twinjstra Gudde International. Harian Kompas, Mei, Harris, J The Internal Organizations of Hospitals: Some

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6 296 Memahami Penggunaan Ilmu Ekonomi The Impact of Three Organizational Practices on Clinician- Managers. Health Care Manage Review, 22(1): Lekatompessy, & Trisnantoro Analisis Kebijakan Penempatan Dokter Spesialis Empat Dasar dan Tiga Penunjang di Departemen Kesehatan RI, (xii): 90. Like, Robert; Zyzanski, S. J Patient Satisfaction with the Clinical Encounter: Sosial Psychological Determinants. Sosial Science Medicine: 24(4): Luthans, F., & Hodgetts, R. M International Management. New York: McGraw Hill. Mansfield, E Microeconomics: Theory and Application. (5 th ed.) W.W. Norton and Company. New-York. London. Manurung, & Trisnantoro, L Evaluasi Proses Perencanaan di RSUP Dr. Kariadi. S2 MMR UGM. Yogyakarta. Tesis. Martin, J. B., & Kasper, D. L In Whose Best Interest? Breaching the Academic-Industrial Wall. New England Journal of Medicine. Vol 343: Meisenher, C. G Improving Quality. Aspen Publication. Mick, S. S Innovations in Health Care Delivery: Insights for Organization Theory. San Fransisco Jossey-Bass Publishers. Monagle, J. F. & Thomasma, D. C Health Care Ethics. Critical Issues for the 21st Century. Aspen Publisher, Gaithersburg, Maryland. Mulyadi Paradigma Baru dalam Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan, Kuliah Perdana Magister Manajemen UGM, (Tahun akademik ) Total Quality Management. Aditya Media. Yogyakarta. Newhouse, J. P Toward a Theory of Nonprofits Institution: An economic Model of a Hospital. American Economic Review 60: Nicholson, W., Teori Ekonomi Mikro. Prinsip Dasar dan Pengembangannya. PT Radja Grafindo. Otter, von C The application of Market Principles to Health Care. The Nuffield Institute for Health Services Studies.

7 Daftar Pustaka 297 Pappad, J. L & Hirschey, M Ekonomi Manajerial. (Edisi 6). PT Binarupa Aksara. Pauly, M. V., & Redisch, M The Not-for Profit Hospital as a Physisicans s Cooperative. American Economic Review 63: Pechman, J. A World Tax Reform. Washington DC. The Brookings Institution. Pecoul, B. et. al Access to Essential Drugns in Poor Countries. A Lost Battle? Journal of the American Medical Association. 281: Permana, Hanna Komunikasi Pribadi. Piper, T. R., Gentile, M. C., & Parks, S. D Can Ethics be Taught. Harvard Business School. Pollit C Managerialism and the Public Services. Basil Blackwell Postnett Komunikasi Pribadi Komunikasi Pribadi. Poterba, J. M Tax Policy to Combat Global Warming: On Designing a Carbon Tax. Working Paper no National Bureau of Economics Research, Cambridge. Ma. Purwanto, B Sejarah Rumah Sakit di Indonesia. Mimeo. Raymond, T Pelatihan Analisis Ekonomi dengan menggunakan Activity Based Costing. Proceding. PMPK FK UGM. Rice, T The Economic of Health Reconsidered Health Administration. Process.Chicago.Illinois Rice, T. Physicians Payment Policies. Impacts and Implications, Annu. Rev. Public Health, 18: Rice, N., & Smith, P. C Capitation and Risk Adjustment in Health Care Financing. International Program Report. Quarterly Millbank Report Ridhoto, R Persepsi Stakeholders Terhadap Kompensasi Dokter Spesialis Kandungan dan Kebidanan di RSUD Abepura. Magister Managemen Rumahsakit UGM, Yogyakarta. Tesis. Russel, I. T., Devlin, H. B., Fell, M., Glass, N. J., & Newell, D. J Day case surgery for hernias and hemorrhoids: a

8 298 Memahami Penggunaan Ilmu Ekonomi clinical, social, and economic evaluation. Lancet, I: Robinson, J. C Theory and Practive in the Design of Physician Payment Incentives.The Millbank Quarterly. 79(2): Sanjana K Hubungan antara Kompensasi, Iklim Kerja, Citra Kerja, Ciri Individu dan Kepuasan Kerja Dokter Spesialis di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Magister Manajemen Rumah Sakit.UGM. Yogyakarta. Tesis. Scott, J Corporate Business and Capitalist Classes. Oxford University Press. Shen, D Analisa Kondisi Kekurangan Tenaga Spesialis Bedah Jantung di Rumah Sakit Rajawali Bandung. Magister Manajemen Rumah Sakit UGM. Yogyakarta. Tesis. Sitorus, F. L. Parluhutan, dan Trisnantoro. (1998). Evaluasi pelayanan asuransi kesehatan sebagai sumber pembiayaan di RS HKBP Balige. Magister Manajemen Rumahsakit UGM. Yogyakarta. Tesis. Sonnad, S. S., & Foreman, S. E An Incentive Approach To Physician Implementation of Medical Practice Guidelines. Health Economics, Vol. 6: Stearns, S. C., Wolfe, B. L., & Kindig, D. A Physician Responses to Fee-for-Service and Capitation Payment, Inquiry, 29: Studin, I Strategic Health Care Management. Irwin Publishing. Sudibya, Adnyana Minat membeli program asuransi tambahan untuk pembiyaan rawat inap bagi pegawai negeri peserta di Kotamadya Denpasar. Magister Manajemen Rumah Sakit. UGM. Yogyakarta. Tesis. Sudjarwo, Y. S., Trisnantoro, L., & Doeljachman, M. H Faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi Penggunaan Kartu Pelayanan Kesehatan oleh Pesera JPKM-Koperasi KUD Sari Mulyo di Puskesmas Nanggulan. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan Vol. 01 No. 03. Yogyakarta. Sufandi I Evaluasi Pelatihan Manajemen Stratejik. S2 MMR UGM. Yogyakarta. Tesis. Sukeksi H. Nugroho H Analisis Penurunan Peserta Dana Sehat

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11 INDEKS A Akuntabilitas Usaha, 178 Akuntabilitas, 50, 52, 57, 58, 179, 246 Asuransi Kesehatan, 3, 7, 27, 29, 31, 41-44, 58, 65, 116, , 151, 187, 199, 233, 254, 274, 285 B Bad Externalities, 279 Badan Layanan Umum, 56 Balanced Scorecard, 249, 250, 252, 255, 258, 260 Bank Dunia, 26, 27 Barang Inferior, 79, 83, 120 Barriers to Entry, 235 Beban Penyakit, 262, 266 Bedah SC, 130, 131, 273, 274 Benthamite, 270, 271 Board of Directors, BPOM, 235, 239 Budget Maximizer, 224,178, 287 Bulgur, 10, 79 BUMD, 56 BUMN, 21, 54, 56, 173, 247 C Cash and Carry, 43 Cash-Flow, 161 Circular Flow, 61, 68-70, 75, 84-86, 109, 163, 165, 168, 172, 191 Cost-Benefit Analysis, 264, 265 Cost-Effective, 250, 261, 264, 265, 283 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, 264, 265 Cost-Minimization Analysis, 264, 265 Cost-Utility Analysis, 264, 265 Cross-Subsidy, 156, 252, 254 Customer, 245, 247, 249 D Dana Dekonsentrasi, 40 Data Epidemiologi, 120, 124, 244 Debundling, 188 Definisi Bisnis, 249 Demand, 41, 42, 61, 70, 71, 109, , , 146, 149, , 161, 163, 203, 214, 216, 218, 220, 233, 244, 274, 285 Demand and Supply, 61, 68, 109, 114, 126 Denpasar, 193, 199, 223 Desentralisasi, 39 Detailing, 237 Dokter Menganggur, 33 Spesialis, 9-11, 13-15, 19, 36, 43, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55, 58, 67, , 122, 125, 149, , 223, 273, 276, 285, 288 Donor Kemanusiaan, 179, 250, 253 DPRD, 12, 68, 153, 174, 179, 256

12 302 Memahami Penggunaan Ilmu Ekonomi E Earning at Risk, 199, 216 Efektivitas, 261, Efisiensi, 16, 17, 22, 27, 45, 47, 57, 58, 94, 96, 107, 109, 131, , 157, 184, 188 Ekonomi Manajerial, 98 Eksternalitas, 95 Eksternalitas Negatif, 96, 274, 287 Elastisitas, 80 Harga, 80 Harga Silang, 82 Pendapatan, 82 Etika Individual, 276, 281 Etika Biomedik, 276, 281 Etika Bisnis Rumah sakit, 229, 267, 277, 278, , 286, 288, 289, 290 Etika Dokter, 122, 273, 275, 276, 280, 289 Etika Institusional, 276 Etika Manajemen, 276, 280 Evaluasi Ekonomi, 229, 243, , 283, 284 Evaluasi Ekonomi Penuh, 265 Evaluasi, 50, 57, 58, 152, 153, 229, 243, 256, 257, 260, , 283, 284 F FDA, 235 Fee-For-Service, 201, 285 Filipina, 25, 55 Firma, 68, 69, 85, 246 G Gaji, 53, 204 Gamimune7, 232 Globalisasi Tahap Pertama, 51 Tahap Kedua, 51 Good Clinical Governance, 288, 290 Good Governance, 280 Good-Externalities, 274 Gotong Royong, 41 Governance, 37 H Health for All by The Year 2000", 26 Hospital Corporatization, 55 Human Capital, 112 I Iklan Rekruitment, 217, 218, 221 Iklim Bekerja, 223, 224 Iklim Kerja, 222 Indikator Rumah Sakit, 256, 260 Indikator Ekonomi, 260, 267 Indikator Klinik, 255, 256 Indikator Manajemen, 256 Industri Farmasi, 15, 29, 58, 214, 229, 231, , 242, 243 Investasi Asing, 51 Ivermectin7, 240, 241 J Jaringan, 16, 21, 170, , 237, Jayapura, 11 JPKM, 35, 36, 41-44, 199, , 254 K Kapitasi, 43 Kartel Dokter, 48 Kasus Abu-Abu, 267, 271, 277, 288 Kebijakan Swadana, 8, 9, 55, 146, 147,

13 Indeks , 256, 257, 258 Kemampuan Subsidi, 28 Kepuasan Pemberi Donor, 259 Keputusan Investasi, 160 Keterlekatan Spesialis, 9, 261 Key Performance Indicators, 260 Komite Etika Rumah sakit, 288 Komite Medik, 198 Komitmen, 12, 212, 213, , 250, 251, 257, 281, 284 Komitmen Pelayanan Sosial, 257 Komoditi Dagang, 28 Komoditi Pasar, 36 Kompensasi, 12, 52, 86, 219, , 228, 250, 257, 258, 282, Kompetisi, 14, 27, 42, 45, 51, 52, 94, 107, 124, 151, 233, 252 Kontrak, 33, 48, 53, 132, , 173, 183, 185, 219, 246, 274, 288 Kultur Bekerja, 216, 253 L Laba, 28, 105, 106, 161, 168, , 175, 180, 233, 234, 260 Lembaga Birokrasi, 45, 46, 56, 171, 223 Lembaga Teknis Daerah, 9, 56, 57, 108, 171 Lembaga Usaha, 2, 7, 9, 15, 38, 42, 45-48, 55, 56, 58, 64, 66, 68, 69, 85-87, 90, 93, 94, 98, 106, 129, 130, 165, , 171, 172, 174, 229, , 252, 253, 256, 260, 267, 268, 269, 271, 279, 280, 281, 289 Lembaga Usaha yang Sosial, 244, 269 Life-Cycle Dokter, 213 Life-Cycle Produksi Obat, 237 M Managed Care, 43, 44, 238 Manajerialisme, 3, 40 Managed Care, 44, 238 Masa Aktif, 214 Masalah Akses, 258 Mekanisme Demand and Supply, 220 Merck, 233, 240, 241 Misionaris Kristen, 5, 7 Model Ekonomi Rumah Sakit, 180, 184, 191, 228 Model Harris, 183, 184 Model Newhouse, Model Utilitas, 268, 271 Monopoli, 91 N Needs, 113, 114, 115, 119, 244 Nilai Ekonomi Rumah Sakit, 263 Nilai Normatif, 240 Nilai Pasar, 86, 87, 233 Nilai Sosial Rumah Sakit, 261 Non-Profit, 56, 85, 150, 165, 167, 169, , , 184, 186, 217, 222, 242, 245, -247, 280, 289 Normal Goods, 79 O Obat-Obatan Generik, 238 Ongkos, 88, 89 Otonomi, 3, 36, 40, 45, 47, 51, -57, 107, 108, 198, 221, 244, 247 Otonomi Rumah Sakit, 9, 40, 51-57, 106, 107, 244, 247 P Padang, 20, 194, 223

14 304 Memahami Penggunaan Ilmu Ekonomi Pareto, , 275, 278 Pasar, 36, 38, 45, 66, 69-73, 78, 84, 86, 87, 90-94, 100, 106, 107, 113, 118, 123, , 146, 150, 152, 153, , 165, 168, 170, 172, 175, 185, 186, 191, 195, 200 Pasar Tenaga Kerja, 36, 84, 157, 191, 195 Paten, 93, , 240 Patologi Birokrasi, 46, 47 Pauly dan Redisch, , 191, 194 Pemerataan, 28, 38, 57-59, 65, 97, 153, 175, 270 Pemerintah Sebagai Regulator, 257 Pengambilan Keputusan, 100 Dengan Resiko, 101 Penyakit-Penyakit Tropis, 238 Peran Pemerintah, 36-39, 96, 97, 172, 185 Perilaku, 2, 17, 46, 48, 63, 67, 75-77, 85, 88, 89, 94, 102, 105, 109, 111, 125, 127, 134, 137, 139, 144, 161, 163 Manajer, 170, 178 Monopolistik, 273 Pemerintah Sebagai Pemilik, 176 Yayasan Sebagai Pemilik, 177 Perjan, 46, 56, 108, , 270 Persaingan Sempurna, 91, 92, 93 Perspektif Proses Pelayanan, 259 Keuangan, 259 Konsumen, 259 Pola Kerja Shift, 286 Pre-Payment, 42 Price-Maker, 91, 92, 157, 228, 273 Private Goods, 24, 39, 45, 51, 106 Profit, 28, 105, 141, 165, 170, 171, 184, 229, 231, 233, 237, , 246, 289 Program JPS, 97, 253 PT Askes Indonesia, 35, 36, 42-44, 58, 66, 132 PT Kimia Farma, 233 Public Spending, 26 Public-Goods, 23, 24, 36, 95, 96, 106, 172, 173 Pungutan Liar, 223 Q QALY, 266 R Rawlsian, 270, 271, 275 Reformasi, 1, 27, 52, 55, 58, 59, 289 Revenue, 89 River Blindness, 240 RS Ban Phaew, 56, 185 RS Bethesda, 17, 18 RS Charitas, 14, 18, 192 RS Freeport, 192 RS Gleneagles, 21, 87 RS PGI Cikini, 14 RS PKU Muhammadiyah, 14 RS St. Elisabeth, 14 RSUD Banyumas. 11, 12, 13 RSPAD Gatot Subroto, 13 Rumah Sakit BUMN, 173 Islam, 14, 18, 154 Militer, 7, 13, 14, 17, 173 Pemerintah, 8, 9, 26, 39, 46, 65-68, 79, 101, 105, 107, 110, 120, 121, 123, 130, , , 165, 171, 173, 174, 176, 179, 183, 185, 192, 198, 199, 207, 208, 215, 216, 221, 226, 227, 243, 247, 252, 253, 257, 272, 286 Rumah Sakit Pemerintah Daerah, 10, 68, 149 Rumah Sakit Pemerintah Pusat, 1, 8, 147, 174

15 Indeks 305 Rumah Sakit Zending, 7 S Sales-Maximiser, 178 Sejarah, 49, 52, 58, 59, 94, 98, 106, 107, 130, 194, 211, 223, 248, 278, 274 Rumah Sakit Pemerintah, 9 Sejarah Subsidi Subsidi dari Keuntungan Kelas, 6 Subsidi dari Para Dokter, 7 Subsidi Gereja-Gereja di Negeri Belanda, 7 Subsidi Gubernemen, 7 Sifat Kompetitif, 51 Sistem Eselon, 51 Sistem Promosi, 237 Soliter, 187, 188 Sorong, 11 Spesialis Full-Timer, 192, 218, 271 Stakeholder, 9,12, 257, 258 Standar Pendapatan, 200, 211, , 228, 286 Struktur Pasar, 90 Subsidi, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, 19, 26-28, 33, 36, 54, 65, 67, 68, 70, 96, 99, 106, 120, 130, 131, 146, 147, 148, 151, 155, 157, 158, 162, 163 Dari Orang Sakit, 176 Silang, 15, 16, 28, 148, 155, 252 Sudibjo Sardadi, 223 Sumbangan Pemerintah Kasultanan, 7 Sumber Pembiayaan, 98, 165, 259, 284 Dana Kemanusiaan, 29 Pemerintah Propinsi, 220 Supplier Induced Demand, 109, 115, 116, 201 Supplier Reduced Demand, 109, 116, 117 Susesnas, 41 T TB Alliance, 240 Thailand, 176, 184, 194 Time-Cost, 198 Tingkat Retensi Karyawan, 222 Transparansi, 52 U Uji Efikasi, 262, 264 Unit Cost, 12, 16, 134, 143, 148, 150, 151, 156, 252, 268 V Viagra7, 233, 236 VOC, 4, 5, 6 W Wants, 113 Welfare State, 45, 51, 66, 244, 253, WHO, 26, 35, 241, 254 X X-Inefficiency,171 Y Yayasan Rumah Sakit, 177