EKONOMI SUMBERDAYA AIR Topik 5. Water Valuation: Irrigation Water. Yusman Syaukat Departemen Ekonomi Sumberdaya & Lingkungan FEM - IPB

Transkripsi

1 EONOMI SUMBERDAA AIR Topik 5 ater Valuation: Irrigation ater usman Saukat Departemen Ekonomi Sumberdaa & Lingkungan FEM - IB

2 Value rice Value & rice The value a person assigns to a good is related to his/her preferences It is a subective and individual process rice is market value or value in exchange which is determined through the interaction between demand and suppl in the market ricing of water resources is problematic since water market is generall nonexistence

3 ater Valuation earce 1993: There is no activit that can be properl called valuing water The actuall tr to assign monetar measures of individual s preferences for outcomes of polic proposals or events For examples: improvement of water suppl qualit or reliabilit; environmental public good; degradation of water sources

4 Tpes of ater Valuation ater Valuation: Valuing water as an input in producers good context such as agriculture and industr Valuing water in municipal uses Valuing water as environmental public goods

5 ater as an Agricultural Input

6 Issues of ater Issues ang harus diperhatikan: Long-run or short-run models? ater as a Variable or a Fixed Input? At-site place of use or at-source at the location where the water is obtained measure? rivate or Social rices?

7 Basic Concept erkiraan nilai ekonomi benefit dari suatu producer s good ang tak ber-harga unpriced air - dilakukan dengan isolasi kontribusi dari air dari input lain terhadap nilai total output ang dihasilkan Teori Economic Rent Teori ang relevan: Value of Marginal roduct dengan asumsi air sebagai variabel input x x x 0 : x x FOC 0 : x ater For

8 Basic Residual Method Residual imputation method merupakan metode deduktif ang umum digunakan untuk memprediksi nilai VM endekatan ang biasa digunakan: 1 roduct Exhaustion Theorem 2 Theor of Economic Rent

9 1 icksteed s roduct Exhaustion Method Asumsi: roduct Exhaustion Method: arena: VM i = i Maka: L H M f L L H H M M VM VM VM VM VM L L H H M M Sehingga: L L H H M M *

10 Tabel 1 Rata-rata Nilai Air Irigasi menurut Lokasi dan Musim ilaah MT I MT II MT III ater Rent Rp/Ha/MT - Hulu Tengah Hilir Nilai Air Rp/m3 - Hulu Tengah Hilir

11 2 Theor of Economic Rent Assuming producer is a price taker: TR = rofit Maximization Condition: = MC TVC total biaa penggunaan input variabel a TR - TVC = sum of rents and quasi-rents Economic Rent = pament made to an input over and above the amount needed to extract an of that input into its present emploment Quasi-Rent QR = total pament to fixed factors b R N = non-water related rents b R = water related rents = rents that derive from the use of water in production c TR= TVC + QR + R + R N R = TR TVC QR - R N

12 Economic Rent MC ATCo AVCo c b AVC ATC a o

13 Change in Net Rent Method etika penggunaan suatu input dirubah maka akan menebabkan perubahan pada penggunaan input lainna Misal: ketika ketersediaan air meningkat maka akan membuka peluang bagi petani untuk meningkatkan penggunaan pupuk pestisida atau bahkan tenaga kera roducer s T for an increment of an input is the change in net producer income or value of net rent associated with that increment Net Income Z: Z Suppose there is an increment of water suppl which causes changes in Net Rent: n 1 Z Z 1 Z 0

14 Change in Net Rent Method 2 Change in Net Rent: Net income per unit of water : Z/ = change in net rent associated with an increment in water use n n Z Z n n

15 Mathematical rogramming Model Math rogramming dapat digunakan untuk mengukur benefits dari perubahan dalam penggunaan sumberdaa air dalam suatu proses produksi pertanian atau industri Output: change in net rents T for an increment or decrement of an unpriced producer s input Obective function: Max fπ Constraint: A B B = vector constraint of production inputs incl water arameter π i is usuall a measure the marginal net rent to water in activit i

16 Thank ou for our attention