MOJAKOE AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN

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1 MOJAKOE AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN Dilarang Memperbanyak Mojakoe ini tanpa seijin SPA FEUI Mojakoe dapat didownload di FB: SPA FEUI 1 P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

2 MID TERM EXAMINATION SEMESTER GENAP 2010/2011 Soal 1 (10%) - Regression, sudah dipelajari di AB. Soal 2 (20%) Below Information was taken from Jetstar s website which was sent to all of the subscribers : $1 FARES ON SALE IN APRIL! In April 2011, we will have thousand of $1 sale fares to selected Australian Jetstar destination. Other incredible sale fares to selected Australian and International destinations will also be available in this exclusive sale. Please note that $1 fares will not be available to/from western Australia and Northern territory. Book any return flight online at between Tuesday 1 February and midnight Sunday 20 February 2011 where return travel is completed between Tuesday 1 February and Thursday 31 March Required : 1. You are asked to give a critical analysis on how could an airline compay charge $1 fare to certain destinations in Australia? 2. What is (are) the purpose(s) of this airline company in providing a cheap fair like this to their loyal customers? 3. How could they cover the costs? ETHICS FOR CVP ANALYSIS PT Melati, a company which produces plastic bags experiences poor profitability lately and is considering to reduce its variabloe costs to 51% of revenues by reducing the costs related to disposal of wasted plastic management. The president of the compny is concerned that this would potentially expose the company to environmental liabilities in the future. These are the conversations between the president and the accounting manager in the company : President: We would need to estimate some of the potentoal environmental costs and analyse them Manager: We cannot do this as we are not violating the law, there is a possibility that we might incur environmental costs in the future and if we bring them now, the proposal in reducing the costs will be rejected by the Senior Management Group Furthermore, the manager explained: The market is quite tight and we are in a serious problem and otherwise we need to shut down the company soon Below are some additional information about the company in 2011 : Sales Revenue Rp 500,000,000 Variable Costs (Rp 300,000,000) Fixed Costs (Rp 216,000,000) Operating Income (Rp 16,000,000) Required: 2 P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

3 1. Calculate Breakeven sales for the company in Calculate the company s breakeven revenue if variable costs were reduced ro 51% to sales revenue 3. Calculate the company s operating income if variable costs were reduced to 51% to sales revenue 4. Give your comments about their decision in reducing variable costs for the company in the long run. Soal 3 (25%) PT Perkasa Mutiara Teknik produces and sells lorries for the plantation. PT Perkasa manufactures a single model, Braja. On October 2010, PT starts prepare budget for PT Perkasa expects to sell 2,500 during 2011 at an estimated price Rp 5,000,000 per lorry. The company expects 2011 beginning inventory of 300 lorries and would like end 2011 with 350 lorries Below Materials and Labor Requirements and the related price/rate. Direct Material Per lorry Cost per DM Unit/hour Cost per DM Unit/hour Steel 5 Unit Rp Rp Metalic Cube 7 Unit Rp Rp Direct Labor per lorry 6 Jam Rp Rp The company expects 2011 beginning direct material inventory of 3100 units and ending inventory 2600 units for steel, beginning direct material inventory of 1500 units and ending inventory 2900 units for metalic tube. Variable Manufacturing Overhead is Rp 70,000 per labor hour. There are also Rp 620,000,000 in fixed manufacturing overhead costs budgeted for The company combines both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead into a single rate based on direct manufacturing labor hours. Variable marketing costs are allocated at the rate Rp 2,900,000 per sale visit. The marketing plan calls for 36 sales visits during Finally, there are Rp 340,000,000 in fixed nonmanufacturing cost budgeted for 2011 The inventoriable unit cost for ending finished good inventory on December 31, 2010 is Rp 3,150,000. Assume PT Perkasa uses a FIFO Inventory method for both direct materials and finished good. Ignore work in process in your calculations. Requirements : Prepare 2011 budget for : a. Revenue Budget b. Production Budget c. Direct Material Usage and Purchases Budget d. Direct Labor Budget e. Manufacturing Overhead Budget f. Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead Rate g. Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead cost per output h. Budgeted Manufacturing Cost per unit i. Prepare Ending Inventory budget for direct material and finished good j. Prepare cost of good sold budget k. Prepare budgeted income statement 3 P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

4 Soal 4 (20%) Champion Hardware is a hardware wholesalre. All sales are credit sales with the term of payment 5/10, EOM. Information about the store s operation follows : - December 2010 sales amounted to $400,000 - Sales are budgeted at $440,000 for January 2011 and $400,000 for february Collections are expected to be 40% in the month ofsale within the discount period, 20% also in the month of sale but after the discount period, and 38% in the month following the sale. Two percentof sales are expected to uncollectible. Bad Debt Expense is recognized monthly. - Costof Goods Sold is 75% of sales. - A total of 80% of the merchandise for resale is purchased in the month of the sale. Payment for merchandise is made in the month following the purchase. The company always take the benefit of 2% discount offered by the supplier for payment before the 10th of the month - Annual operating expenses for 2011 is budgeted for $1,400,000. From this amount $800,000 is fixed cost which include $200,000 depreciation expense. The remaining operating expense is considered variable. All operating expenses will be paid as incurred. The Budgeted annual operating expenses is based on the expected annual sales of $6,000,000. The Company balance sheet as of december 31, 2010 is as follows : Champion Hardware Inc. Balance sheet December 31,2010 Asets Cash 44,000 Account Receivable (net of $7,000 allowance for uncollectible accounts) 152,000 Inventory 280,000 Property and Equipment (net of $1,180,000 accumulated depreciation) 1,724,000 Total Assets 2,200,000 Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity Account Payable 324,000 Common Stock 1,590,000 Retained Earnings 286,000 Total Labilities and Stockholders' Equity 2,200,000 Required : 1. Prepare a cash budget for January 2011 in detail (Show your computation) to show the expected cash balance at the end of January Suppose you are preparing a budgeted balance sheet as of January 31, 2011 please show the balance for the following account: a. Cash b. Account Receivable c. Account Payable 4 P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

5 3. If the company has minimum cash balance policy of $400,000, how this will affect your answer? Soal 5 (25%) Zena,Inc manufactures a special fabric used to produce suits. Zena s actual activity for the past month follows : Materials purchased... 18,000 meters at Rp9,500 per meter Materials Used... 9,500 meters Direct Labor... 2,100 hours at 62,500 per hour Total Manufacturing Overhead... Rp 109,800,000 consist of Rp 80,500,000 variable costs and Rp 29,300,000 fixed cost) Production units The company applies standard cost system and the standard costs are detailed as follows : Direct material, 20 meters at Rp 9,000 per meter... Rp 180,000 Direct Labor, 4 hours at Rp 60,000 per hour... Rp 240,000 Manufacturing Overhead applied at five-sixths (5/6) of direct labor cost (Variable costs = Rp 150,000 ; Fixed Costs= Rp 50,000)... Rp 200,000 Total Unit Costs... Rp 620,000 Standards have been computed based on a budgeted activity level of 2,400 direct labor hours per month. Required a. Prepare variance analysis for : I. Direct Material II. Direct Labor III. Variable Overhead IV. Fixed Overhead b. Prepare Journals to record the transactions. JAWABAN Soal 2 a) Charge $1 fares 1. Dengan memberikan harga yang terlampau murah, seharusnya Australian Jetstar Destination bisa membuat biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan menjadi efektif dan efisien tanpa mengurangi kualitas dari penerbangan. Cara untuk mengefektifkan biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh Australian Jetstar Destination ini bisa dilakukan dengan banyak hal antara lain : Meniadakan makanan di dalam pesawat, bila ada pun penumpang harus membayar ekstra untuk itu, menggunakan awak, kabin yang sama ke penerbangan kembali dengan membawa penumpang yang berbeda, dan,menjual tiket hanya secara online untuk menghemat gaji penjaga counter dan lainnya. 2. Memberikan tarif yang sangat murah pasti memiliki tujuan yang jelas dan strategi yang dibawa pula, dengan biaya airline yang murah, dan yang cenderung 5 P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

6 menggunakan jasa penerbangan adalah kalangan menengah ke atas, Australian Jetstar pasti berharap nantinya dikenal dengan Low Fares High Quality Airlines. Dengan demikian, perusahaan yang sering sekali mengirimkan pekerjanya keluar negeri menjadi bisa mendapatkan extra price, yang kemudian dibalas dengan special price untuk penayangan iklan atau publikasi lain. Dengan memberikan first impression yang baik soal harga dan diikuti dengan kualitas yang mumpuni maka word of moth akan terjadi secara langsung, dan orang-orang yang belum pernah memanfaatkan transportasi udara akan langsung mencoba Australian Jetstar untuk pengalaman pertama mereka. 3. Mencari barter bisa dimanfaatkan oleh Jetstar, mereka bekerjasama dengan perusahaan publikasi lalu meminta jasa publikasi mereka agar bisa secara gratis atau dengan potongan mengiklankan JetStar sehingga tidak perlu ada biaya iklan. Dengan mengefektifkan biaya-biaya yang ada dan harga yang sangat terjangkau, yang membuat pesawat selalu penuh dengan penumpang akhirnya akan membuat biaya-biaya tsb tercover. b) Breakeven, etc 1. Breakeven Revenue = = 2. Breakeven Revenue = =540 juta =. Soal 3 Schedule 1 = 440,816, Operating Income = 500 juta (0.51x500 juta)-216 juta = 29 juta 4. Didalam long run cost, semua biaya menjadi biaya variabel, artinya setiap biaya dipengaruhi oleh berapa jumlah output yang dihasilkan, dengan mengurangi variable cost seperti dengan mengurangi harga bahan baku, atau mengubah tarif gaji menjadi harian bukan gaji tetap. Dengan mengurangi variable cost terbukti bahwa operating income manjadi positif, dan di jangka panjang pun demikian. Revenue Budget Units Sold Selling Price Total Revenues Lorries P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

7 Schedule 2 Production Budget In Units Lorries Budgeted Unit Sales Add: Target Ending FG Inventory 350 Total Requirements Less:Beginning FG Invetory 300 Units to be purchased 2550 units Schedule 3A DM Usage Physical Unit Budget Steel Metalic Cube Total Steel 2550 x Metalic Cube 2550 x To be used in production Cost Budget Available for Beginning Inventory Steel 3100 x295, Metalic Cube 1500 x 56, To Be used from purchase this period ( Steel 3100)x ( Metalic Cube 1500)x Total Cost of DM to be used Schedule 3b Purchase Budget Physical Unit Budget Steel Metalic Cube Total Production Unit Add Target Ending Inventory Total Requirements Deduct Beginning Inventory Available for Beginning Inventory Cost Budget Steel (12250*310000) Metalic Cube( 19250*61000) Purchases P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

8 Schedule 4 Labor Category Direct Labor Budget Cost Driver Unit DML Hours/output unit Total Hours Wage Rate Total Manufacturing Labor Schedule 5 Manufacturing Overhead Budget Variable Manufacturing Overhead Rate 15300x Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Cost Total Manufacturing Overhead Costs Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead Rate = ,8/hour Budgeted Manufacturing Cost per output = ,2/output unit Schedule 6A Budgeted Manufacturing Cost Per Unit Direct Materials Cost per unit of input Input Steel Metalic Cube Direct Manufacturing Labor Total Manufacturing Overhead , Schedule 7 COGS Budget From Schedule Beginning Finished Good Inventory *300 Given DM Used 3A Direct Manufacturing Labor Manufacturing Overhead Cost of Good Manufacturing Cost of Good Available to sale Ending Finish Good Inventory 6B Cost of Good Sold P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

9 Budgeted Income Statement Revenues COGS Gross Margin Operating Cost Variable Marketing Cost *36 ( ) Fixed Nonmanufacturing cost ( ) Operating Income Soal 4 1. Cash Budget January 31,2011 Cash Balance 1 January Cash Sales December % x Cash Sales January 2011 (40% x x(1-0.05)) +(20% x ) Total Cash available for needs Deduct Cash Disbursment Merchandise for Resale (75%* )*(1-0.02))*80%paid in Jan Fixed Operating Expenses *sales( )/expected sales monthly( ))/12 *( / )depr tidak dimasukkan Variable Operating Expenses ( *( / )/12) Payment of Materials in December ((75%* )*(1-0.02))*20% (20%) Total Cash Disbursment in January Ending Cash Balance Name Of Account Computation Balance at January 31,2011 Cash look at Cash Budget computation Account Receivable Opening Balance (152,000)+Payment of Receivable(38%* )-AFDA(2%* )+ Receivable(38%* ) Account Payable Opening Balance (324,000)- Payment of Payable ((75%* )*(1-0.02))*20% +Payable for Merchandise(75%* )*(1-0.02))*20%paid following month Karena nilai dari cash balance pada Januari masih lebih dari maka kebijakan tersebut tidak memperngaruhi apa-apa, tetapi apabila angka cash balance ada dibawah 40,000 maka harus ada langkah-langkah yang dilakukan seperti mempercepat collectible receivables, atau mengurangi merchandise purchase. 9 P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

10 Soal 5 Actual Costs Incurred Actual Input Quantity*Budgeted Price Flexible Budget Actual Input Quantity*Actual Rate Purchase Usage Budgeted Input Quantity Allowed*Budgeted Price Direct Material 9500* x * * U F Price Variance Efficiency Variance Direct Manufacturing Labor 2100* * * U U Price Variance Efficiency Variance Actual Cost Incurred Variable Overhead Actual Input Quantity*Budgeted Price Flexible Budget Budgeted Input Quantity Allowed*Budgeted Price Allocated Budgeted Input Quantity*Actual Budgeted Rate (150000/4)*2100 (150000/4)*2000 (150000/4)*2000 Fixed Overhead U U Spending Variance Efficiency Variance Never a Variance (50000/4)*2400 (50000/4)*2400 (50000/4)* F U Spending Variance Never A variance Prod Volume Variance 10 P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /

11 1 Variable MOH Control Account Payable Control WIP Control Variable MOH Allocated Variable MOH Allocated Variable MOH Spending Variable MOH Efficiency Variable MOH Control Cost Of Good Sold Variable MOH Spending Variable MOH Efficiency Var Fixed MOH Control Wages Payable Control WIP Control Fixed MOH Allocated Fixed MOH Allocated Fixed MOH Prod Volume Var Fixed MOH Control Fixed MOH Spending Fixed MOH Spending COGS P a g e S e m e s t e r G e n a p /