PERENCANAAN KEUANGAN 1

Transkripsi

1 PERENCANAAN KEUANGAN 1

2 Perencanaan Keuangan Tujuan Sesi Memahami Anggaran Menyiapkan/menyusun Anggaran Menggunakan Anggaran 2

3 Perencanaan Keuangan Pokok Bahasan 1. Anggaran dan keunggulannya 2. Langkah-langkah dalam penyusunan anggaran 3. Proses dalam menyusun Anggaran Induk (Master Budget) 4. Pemanfaatan Anggaran 4

4 (ANGGARAN) MERUPAKAN SUATU RENCANA TENTANG SELURUH KEGIATAN PERUSAHAAN YANG DISUSUN SECARA SISTEMATIS, DINYATAKAN DALAM UNIT (SATUAN) MONETER DAN BERLAKU UNTUK JANGKA WAKTU TERTENTU DI MASA YAD. (PENGANGGARAN) MERUPAKAN SUATU KEGIATAN/PROSES UNTUK MENGHASILKAN ANGGARAN 6

5 Keunggulan Anggaran 7

6 Keunggulan Anggaran LANGSUNG 1. Mengendalikan arus kas; 2. Monitoring aktivitas keuangan; 3. Mengendalikan pelaksanaan dari Rencana (Keungan). INDIRECT 1. Koordinasi & teamwork; 2. Pertukaran Informasi; 3. Berorientasi kepada Tujuan ; 4. Memobilisasi Sumberdaya. 8

7 Menyusun Anggaran Tentukan Tujuan Perusahaan Susun Rencana Perusahaan Siapkan Anggaran Increase market share? Advertising? Cash? 9

8 Process in Allocating Budgets Step 4 Step 1 Determine key factor & key budgets Step 2 Setting up the budget team Step 3 Collecting & Coordinating information preparing master budget 10

9 Key Factors & Key Budgets STEP 1 Revenue? Money? Determine key factor & key budget Sales budget Cash budget 11

10 The Budget Team STEP 2 Board of management Accounting department The budget team Admin & HR department Sales department Production department 12

11 Colleting & Coordinating Information Internal methods STEP 3 Sales reports Statistical data Colleting coordinating information Competitors External methods Economic climate 13

12 The Master Budget STEP 4 Sales budget Production budget Direct material budget Direct labor budget Overhead budget Costs of goods sold budget Budgeted income statement Marketing & Mgmt budget R & D budget Budgeted balance sheet Cash budget Investment budget 14

13 Using Budgets Budgetary control & variance analysis Flexible budget and budgetary control Other uses of budgets Use of budgets Standard costing & budgetary control 15

14 Budgetary Control Establishing budgets Analyzing variances Identifying responsibility Analyzing causes 16

15 Variance Analysis Profit variance Revenue variance Cost variance Volume variance Price variance Fixed production cost variance Variable production cost variance Variance in sales & mgnt Material variance Other expenditure variance Direct labor variance Usage variance Price variance Slack time variance Wage variance 17

16 Variance Analysis Profits variance Revenue variance Costs variance 18

17 Revenue Variance Revenue variance Volume variance Price variance VV = (quantity sold quantity budgeted) x selling price PV = quantity budgeted x (selling price budgeted price) 19

18 Material Cost Variance Material cost variance Expenditure variance EV = (actual usage budgeted usage) x buying price Buying price variance BPV = budgeted usage x (actual buying price budgeted buying price) 20

19 Labor Variance Labor variance Time variance TV = (total actual time total budgeted time) x actual wage Wage variance WV = total budgeted time x (actual wage budgeted wage) 21

20 Variance Analysis FAVORABLE Actual sales is higher than budgeted sales; or Actual costs are lower than budgeted costs ADVERSE Actual sales are lower than budgeted sales; or Actual costs are higher than budgeted costs 22

21 Analyzing Causes of Variance Controllable variance Noncontrollable variance 23

22 Flexible Budget Flexible budget merupakan anggaran yang didesain untuk mengantisipasi perubahan aktivitas yang mungkin terjadi. 24

23 Flexible Budget Static budget Flexible budget 25

24 Flexible Budget 0 Productivity 0 Productivity 26

25 FLEXIBLE BUDGET Komponen Besarnya Kuantitas Produksi Biaya Biaya Bahan Baku Bi. Tenaga Kerja BOP Variabel BOP Tetap Harga Pokok Produksi/unit

26 Break-Even Analysis Each unit of product to be produced and sold Above break-even point = profit Under break-even point = loss 28

27 Break-Even Point BEP (unit) = Fixed overhead costs Sale price/unit Variable cost/unit 29

28 Break-Even Point Application 1. Pricing decision 2. Produce or purchase 3. Select production methods 4. Continue or stop operations Produce? Buy? 30