Pengantar Management Organisasi Romi Satria Wahono Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Saitama University Disampaikan di Seminar Manajemen PMIJ, Komaba,, Japan, 29 Desember 2001 Romi Satria Wahono 1
Isi Pengertian Management Tugas dan Peran Manager Pengertian Organisasi Kultur dan Karakteristik Organisasi Romi Satria Wahono 2
Siapa Itu Manager Jenis Pekerja: Non-managerial employees Managers Manager: Seseorang yang bekerja dengan dan melalui orang lain, mengkoordinir aktifitas kerja mereka untuk mencapai suatu tujuan organisasi. Romi Satria Wahono 3
Klasifikasi Manager Top Managers Middle Managers First Line Managers Non-managerial Employees Romi Satria Wahono 4
Apa Itu Management Management: Proses pengkoordinasian aktifitas kerja beberapa orang, sehingga kerja bisa terselesaikan secara efektif dan efisien Romi Satria Wahono 5
Efektif dan Efisien dalam Management Efficiency (doing things right) Resource Usage Low Waste Effectiveness (doing the right things) Goal Attainment High Attainment Management strives for: Low resource waste (high efficiency) High goal attainment (high effectiveness) Romi Satria Wahono 6
Apa Tugas Manager Management Function and Process Management Roles Management Skills Managing in Changing Situations Romi Satria Wahono 7
Management Functions Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing sub-plans to coordinate activities Determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who is to do it Directing and motivating all involved parties and resolving conflicts Monitoring activities to ensure that they are accomplished as planned Lead to Achieving the the organization s stated stated purpose Romi Satria Wahono 8
Management Roles: Interpersonal Interpersonal Description Examples Figurehead Leader Liaison - Symbolic head; obliged to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social nature - Responsible for the motivation of subordinates; responsible for staffing training, and associated duties - Maintains self-developed network of outside contacts and informers who provide favors and information - Greeting visitors; signing legal documents - Performing virtually all activities that involve subordinates - Acknowledging mail; doing external board work; performing other activities that involve outsiders Romi Satria Wahono 9
Management Roles: Informational Informational Description Examples Monitor Disseminator - Seeks and receives wide variety of internal and external information to develop thorough understanding of organizations and environment - Transmits information received from outsiders or subordinates to members od the organization - Reading periodicals and reports; maintaining personal contacts - Holding information meetings; making phone calls to relay information Spokesperson - Transmits information to outsiders on organization's plans, policies, results, etc. - Holding board meetings; giving information to the media Romi Satria Wahono 10
Management Roles: Decisional Decisional Description Examples Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource Allocator Negotiator - Searches opportunities and initiates improvement projects - Responsible for corrective action when organization faces important, unexpected disturbances - Responsible for the allocations of organizational resources of all kinds - Responsible for presenting the organization at major negotiations - Organizing strategy to develop new programs - Organizing strategy that involve disturbances and crises - Scheduling; requeting authorization - Participating in union contract negotiations Romi Satria Wahono 11
Management Skills Top Management Conceptual Skills Middle Management Human Skills Lower-Level Level Management Technical Skills Level of importance Romi Satria Wahono 12
Managing in Changing Situations Management tidak bisa berbasis pada metode yang tetap dan sederhana Perubahan waktu, situasi dan lingkungan mengharuskan manager untuk menggunakan pendekatan dan metode berbeda Situational Approach Romi Satria Wahono 13
Apa Itu Organisasi Organisasi: Sekelompok manusia yang bekerjasama, dengan suatu perencanaan kerja dan peraturan, untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu. Romi Satria Wahono 14
Karakteristik Organisasi Tujuan Jelas Struktur Orang Romi Satria Wahono 15
The Changing Organization Traditional Organization - Stable -Inflexible -Job focused - Work is defined by job position - Individual oriented - Permanent jobs - Command oriented - Managers always make decisions - Rule oriented - Relatively homogeneous workforce - Workdays defined as 9 to 5 - hierarchical relationship - Work to organizational facility during specific hours New Organization -Dynamic -Flexible - Skills focused - Works is defined in terms of tasks to be done - Team oriented - Temporary jobs - Involvement oriented - Employees participate in decision making - Customer oriented - Diverse workforce - Workdays have no time boundaries - Lateral and networked relationships - Work anywhere, anytime Romi Satria Wahono 16
Learning Organization vs Traditional Organization - Attitude toward change - Attitude toward new ideas -Who s responsible for innovation - Main fear - Competitive advantage - Manager s job Traditional Organization - If it s working don t change it - If it was not invented here reject it - Traditional areas, such as R& D - Making mistakes - Product and services - Control others Learning Organization - If you aren t changing, it won t be working for long - If it was invented or reinvented here, reject it - Everyone in organization - Not learning, not adapting - Ability to learn, knowledge and expertise - Enable others Romi Satria Wahono 17
Organizational Culture Innovation and Risk Taking Aggressiveness Team Orientation Organizational Cultural Outcome Orientation People Orientation Stability Romi Satria Wahono 18
Bagaimana Memahami Kultur Organisasi Stories Rituals Material Symbols Language Romi Satria Wahono 19
Lingkungan Organisasi Technological Legal Economics Public Pressure Groups Suppliers The Organization Competitors Customers Global Political Sociocultural Romi Satria Wahono 20
Isu-Isu Lain Bidang Management Scientific Management Theory [Frederick W. Taylor] [Frank & Lilian Gilbert] Organizational Behavior E-Business Management Total Quality Management Human Resource Management Romi Satria Wahono 21
Referensi [Robbins-2002]] Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter, Management,, Prentice-Hall International, 2002. [Mintzberg-1973]] Henry Mintzberg, The Nature of Managerial Work,, Harper & Row, 1973. Romi Satria Wahono 22