Kuliah Umum Peran Riset dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional Benyamin Lakitan Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa 14 November 2014
Amanah Konstitusi Pemerintah memajukan iptek dengan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai agama dan persatuan bangsa untuk memajukan peradaban serta kesejahteraan umat manusia Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Pasal 31 Ayat (5)
Tantangan ke Depan
OBJECTIVES More food Higher quality Safer POPULATION GROWTH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CONVERSION DEGRADATION HUMAN ACTIVITIES Less land Less water Climate changes CONSTRAINTS The Challenges
Population Growth Increase Urban Area Food Demand Land Conversion Land Degradation Agric. Intensification Agric. Extensification Decrease Availability Agricultural Land Increase Demand Income Growth Animal-based Food Demand
Use of resources has reached substantial proportions In 2005, agriculture occupied about 38% of the global land area (FAOSTAT, 2007) Agriculture would need an area equivalent to one half and two-third of the current terrestrial land area by 2030 and 2070, respectively Schneider et al. (2011)
SESUAI 100,7 juta hektar UNTUK PERTANIAN Belum 36% DIKELOLA Sudah 64% 34% Sesuai 54% Tidak Sesuai 46% TOTAL 188,2 juta hektar DIKELOLA 64,1 juta hektar INDONESIA
DIRECT CLIMATE CHANGE PRODUCTIVITY FOOD PRICE FOOD DEMAND INCREASE BURDEN ON LAND BIOFUEL ENERGY DEMAND INCREASE OIL PRICE CONVERSION OTHER DEMANDS FOR LAND RESIDENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRIES POPULATION GROWTH 6.5 billion to 9 billion by 2050
http://benyaminlakitan.com Land Availability Increase in demand for food and agricultural products, decrease in land availability, and effort to improve farmers prosperity have led to urgency for intensifying agricultural activities and improving value of produced products Population growth Land conversion Intensive agriculture Food & Non-food demands Required agricultural Land Limited Availabile land BIO INDUSTRY SQHV agricultural products Prosperity increase Land degradation Efficient use of resources
Water scarcity, not a lack of arable land, that will be the major constraint to increased food production over the next few decades Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)
Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)
Only 19% of agricultural land cultivated through irrigation supplies 40% of the world s food (Molden et al., 2010) Irrigated agriculture is the dominant user of water, accounting for about 80% of global water use (Molden et al., 2007).
Kondisi yang Dituju
http://benyaminlakitan.com Boleh dari impor (policy brief FAO 2006) UU Pangan 2012 Ketahanan Pangan adalah kondisi terpenuhinya pangan bagi negara sampai dengan perseorangan, yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah maupun mutunya, aman, beragam, bergizi, merata, dan terjangkau serta tidak bertentangan dengan agama, keyakinan, dan budaya masyarakat, untuk dapat hidup sehat, aktif, dan produktif secara berkelanjutan. World Food Summit, 1996
http://benyaminlakitan.com UU Pangan 2012 Kemandirian Pangan adalah kemampuan negara dan bangsa dalam memproduksi pangan yang beraneka ragam dari dalam negeri yang dapat menjamin pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan yang cukup sampai di tingkat perseorangan dengan memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam, manusia, sosial, ekonomi, dan kearifan lokal secara bermartabat.
http://benyaminlakitan.com UU Pangan 2012 Kedaulatan Pangan adalah hak negara dan bangsa yang secara mandiri menentukan kebijakan pangan yang menjamin hak atas pangan bagi rakyat dan yang memberikan hak bagi masyarakat untuk menentukan sistem pangan yang sesuai dengan potensi sumber daya lokal. Declaration of Nyéléni, 2007
ORIENTASI KONSUMEN ORIENTASI PRODUSEN STABILITY SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION ACCESS WELFARE ECO-FRIENDLY EKONOMI POLITIK AVAILABILITY SECURITY INKLUSIF EKOLOGIS LOCAL RESOURCES SOVEREIGNTY
Peluang Berkiprah
OFF FARM AGROINDUSTRI ON FARM SAPROTAN [INPUT] PENANGANAN HASIL BUDIDAYA [PRODUKSI] PEMASARAN ALSINTAN [INPUT] PENGOLAHAN HASIL LEMBAGA PENUNJANG Lakitan (2011)
AGROINDUSTRI HILIR Penurunan Kehilangan Hasil BUDIDAYA AGROINDUSTRI HULU Peningkatan Produksi
Riset Pangan BIO- MATERIAL TEKNO BUDIDAYA TEKNO KEMASAN SISTEM INFO & PEMASARAN GIZI saprotan pasar PEMULIAAN & TEKNO BENIH alsintan RANCANG-BANGUN ALSIN produksi distribusi konsumsi TEKNO PENGOLAHAN pasca panen TEKNO TRANSPORTASI TEKNO KEAMANAN PANGAN KULINER
Aksi yang Relevan
Technology is clearly needed to increase productivity. Agriculture-related colleges and research institutions in Indonesia have the required capacity to develop agricultural technology. However,... R&D Capacity http://benyaminlakitan.com
Not Demand- Driven... most of the indigenous technologies are not relevant to real needs and/or problems of domestic farmers. Even if the technologies are substantially relevant; in many cases, they are not finacially affordable by domestic farmers, do not significantly increase profit if used, and/or less competitive compared to similar technologies available in the market. http://benyaminlakitan.com
Sistem Inovasi SENSITIVITAS 1 INFORMASI KEBUTUHAN & PROBLEMA Perguruan Tinggi PENGEMBANG TEKNOLOGI RELEVANSI Fasilitator Intermediator Regulator KETERBUKAAN PENGGUNA TEKNOLOGI Petani 2 PAKET TEKNOLOGI KAPASITAS ADOPSI
http://benyaminlakitan.com What is not disseminated and used is not an innovation The World Bank (2010)
http://benyaminlakitan.com 4 Pre-requisites for Technology to be Used 1. Relevant to User s Need 2. Within Range of User s Absorptive Capacity 3. Increase Profit 4. Competitive to Similar Technology Available in the Market Required Technology
Socially Inclusive Transforming current traditional agriculture into bioindustry-oriented agribusiness should be executed by gradually inserting newly introduced practices while continuing traditional ones so that local community will not be left behind. http://benyaminlakitan.com
http://benyaminlakitan.com Inclusive & Gradual Traditional knowledge and local wisdom have to be treated as reference in developing technology for establishing productive agriculture
Accumulated Experiences Local Wisdom Developed Technology http://benyaminlakitan.com Traditional Knowledge Grassroots Innovation
ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION SOCIAL DIMENSION PRODUCTIVE ECONOMIC DIMENSION http://benyaminlakitan.com New Perspective on Sustainable Agriculture (Lakitan, 2014) SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE GRASSROOTS INNOVATION
http://benyaminlakitan.com