UNIT 8 SAYING MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS AND TERMS A. Tujuan Pembelajaran Setelah mempelajari materi pada Unit 6 ini, diharapkan mahasiswa dapat membaca dan memahami istilah-istilah serta simbol-simbol matematika (mathematical symbols and terms) dalam bahasa Inggris yang sering digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika. B. Isi Pembelajaran 1. Mathematical Symbols Math Symbols Meaningful mathematics statement identically equal (didefinisikan) congruent with (sama dengan) Approximately (Kira2) not equal to (tidak sama dengan) less than or equal to (Lebih kecil/sama dengan) greater than or equal to (Lebih besar/sama dengan) logical and logical or for all there exists n-ary summation (jumlah) angle N the set of natural numbers Z the set of whole numbers (integers) R the set of real numbers an empty set an infinity sign X x an element x belongs to a set X X x an element x doesn t belong to a set X X Y a set X is a subset of a set Y X Y a union of sets X and Y X Y an intersection of sets X and Y + plus sign/added by minus sign/subtracted by multiplication/multiplied by division/divided by square root/radical sign orthogonal to/perpendicular π pi = 3,14159! factorial integral a,b a numerical sign
2. How to say number and symbols a. How to say numbers and ordinal numbers Digit Number forms Number forms in English 1 digit numbers 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, 2 digit numbers seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, 3 digit numbers 100, 300, 500,... one hundred, three hundred, five hundred,... 4 digit numbers 2000, 4000, two thousand, four 5 digit numbers thousand,... 10 000, 30 000,... ten thousand, thirty thousand,... 6 digit numbers 300 000 three hundred thousand 7 digit numbers 5 000 000 five million 8 digit numbers 30 000 000 thirty million 9 digit numbers 500 000 000 five hundred million 10 digit numbers 2 000 000 000 two billion Ordinal numbers Word Abbreviation 1 First 1 th 2 Second 2 nd 3 Third 3 rd 4 Fourth 4 th 5 Fifth 5 th 6 Sixth 6 th 7 Seventh 7 th 8 Eight 8 th 9 Ninth 9 th 10 Tenth 10 th
b. How to say number combination Numbers Break down Explanation 47 equals (=) 40 + 7 This number has two digits. The highest is forty, the next value is seven. Therefore it should be forty seven 683 equals (=) 600 + 80 + 3 This number has three digits. The highest value is six hundred followed by eighty followed by three. Therefore it should be six hundred and eighty three This number has four digits. The highest value is three thousand 3562 equals (=) 3000 + 500 + followed by five hundred followed by 60 + 2 sixty followed by two. Therefore it should be three thousand five hundred and sixty two c. How to say numbers with decimal point Numbers Break down Explanation 3.7 equal (=) 3 + 0.7 This number has one digit. The highest value is three followed by zero point seven. Therefore it should be three point seven 58.4 equal (=) 50 + 8 + 0.4 This number has two digits. The highest value is fifty followed by eight followed by zero point four. Therefore it should be fifty eight point four 5.84 equal (=) 5 + 0.84 This number has one digit. The highest value is five followed by zero point eight four. Therefore it should be five point eight four d. How to say fraction Generally, we can say a fraction sign (ex: or a/b) with word over for example: a), it should be said as thirty seven over five. b), it should be said as three over seven Note: The upper part of fraction called a numerator, the lower part of a fraction called a denominator.
c) Some fractions already have a designated name, but the value of the numerator should not more than the value of the denominator. Example: - ½ is half - is x-third; one-third, two-thirds, not five-thirds - is x-quarter; one-quarters, three-quarters, not seven-quarters - is x-fifth; one-fifth, two-fifths, three-fifths, not nine-fifths 3. How to say mathematical expression Math English expression expression 25 + 352 = 377 Twenty five plus three hundred and fifty two is three hundred and seventy seven 45 56 = -11 Forty five minus fifty six is negative eleven 3 x 7 = 21 Three multiplied by seven is twenty one 24 : 6 = 4 Twenty four divided by six is four 4 3 = 64 Four raised to the power of three is sixty four or four cubed is sixty four. = 25 The square root of six hundred and twenty five is twenty five The cube root of sixty four is four or the third root of sixty four is four The fifth root of thirty two is two x + y = 12 x plus y is twelve x = y -10 The value of x is equal to the value of y minus ten x < y +3 The value of x is less than the value of y plus three x y The value of x is smaller than y - Minus five thirty-fourths C. Tugas 6 1. Tulislah mathematical expressions berikut ini dengan kalimat Bahasa Inggris, kemudian praktekkan untuk membacanya dengan teman Anda: a. 13 + 128 = 141 f. 5 3 = 125 b. -2 7 =-9 g. c. 53 x 2 = 106 h. x + 3 < 8 d. 32 : 4 = 8 e.
2. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan mathematical termsberikut ini, jelaskan! a. Arc b. Complementary angle c. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) d. Obtuse triangle e. Protactor 3. Jodohkanlah antara mathematical termsdalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia berikut ini: Bahasa Inggris Chord Denominator Obtuse angle Paralellogram Whole number Bahasa Indonesia Jajargenjang Sudut tumpul Penyebut Persegipanjang Tali busur Bilangan bulat