24. Liver cirrhosis Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects Department of Internal Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg University, Sweden

Transkripsi

1 49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Nurdjanah S. Sirosis hati. Dalam: Sudoyo WA, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, et al, editor. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam jilid I. Edisi keempat. Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK UI, Thorn, Adams, Braunwald, Isselbacher, & Petersdorf. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Edisi IX. Jakarta Utara: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran; The Global Burden Of Deseases 2004 [database on the internet]. WHO [cited 16 November 2013]. Available from: 4. Liver cirrhosis mortality rates in Britain from 1950 to 2002 an analysis of routine data [database on the internet]. Leon,D [cited 2 Desember 2013]. Available from: Statistics About Liver of Cirrhosis [database on the internet]. NCHS [cited 5 November 2013]. Available from: 6. National Vital Statistics Reports [database on the internet]. Xu dkk [cited 16 Desember 2013]. Available from: 7. Muttaqin, A., & Sari, K. Gangguan Gastrointestinal. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Medika; Farrell, G. C., 2008, Cirrhosis in Asians: Less common than in Europeans Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Volume 23, Issue 4, pages Kusumobroto O Hernomo. Sirosis Hati dalam buku ajar Ilmu Penyakit Hati. Edisi I. Jakarta: Jayabadi; Karina. Faktor Risiko Kematian Penderita Sirosis Hati Di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang Tahun , Jurnal Media Medika Muda [internet] [cited 2014 Maret 11]. Available from: Sulaiman A. Gasrtoenterologi Hepatologi. Jakarta: CV. Sagung Seto; 1997.

2 Global Burden of Viral Hepatitis [database on the internet]. WHO Geneva [cited 12 Desember 2013]. Available from: Hepatitis B and HIV Coinfecton Clinical Protocol [database on the internet]. WHO European Region [cited 16 Desember 2013]. 14. Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar RISKESDAS Indonesia [database on the internet]. Departemen Kesehatan [ cited 2 Januari 2014]. 15. Profil Kesehatan 2008 [database on the internet]. Departemen Kesehatan [cited 2 Januari 2014]. Available from: http// 16. Setiawati, M. Perbandingan itas Maddrey s Discriminant Function dan Skor Child-Pugh dalam Memprediksi Ketahanan Hidup 12 Minggu pada Pasien Sirosis Hepatis. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; Deep vein thrombosis in patient with cirrhosis [database on the internet]. Lesmana, dkk [cited 16 Januari 2014]. Available from: Simamora, C. T. Hubungan Komplikasi, Skor Child-Turcotte dan Usia Lanjut Sebagai Faktor Resiko Kematian Pada Pasien Sirosis Hati di RSUD Dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Pontianak; Malau, A. S. Karakteristik Penderita Sirosis Hati ng Dirawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Martha Friska Medan Tahun Medan; Report of The Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean Fifty-sixth Session Fez, Morocco 5 8 October 2009 [database on the internet]. Mohsni [cited 6 Pebruari 2014]. Available from: Statistics by ry for Cirrhosis of the liver [database on the internet]. US Census Bureau, International Data Base [cited 11 Januari 2014]. Available from: printer.htm. 22. Ndraha. The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy. Volume 10, Number 3; Hadi, S. Gastroenterologi. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni Bandung; 2002.

3 Liver cirrhosis Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects Department of Internal Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg University, Sweden [database on the internet]. Gunnarsdottir [cited 3 Pebruari 2014]. Available from: SAG.pdf. 25. Rasyid. Temuan Ultrasonografi Kanker Hati Hepatoseluler Hepatoma. Majalah Kedokteran Nusantara. Volume 39 No 2; Sulaiman A. Harapan Baru Dalam Penatalaksanaan Sirosis Hati, Dalam Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan Perkembangan Muktahir Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FK UI; Death Rates [database on the internet]. WHO [cited 8 Pebruari 2014]. Available from: Studi Penggunaan Obat Pada Pasien Sirosis Hepatik [database on the internet]. Rencianisari [cited 4 Pebruari 2014]. Available from: Percentage of total deaths, death rates, age-adjusted death rates for 2007, percentage change in age-adjusted death rates in 2007 from 2006, and ratio of age-adjusted death rates, by race and sex for the 15 leading causes of death for the total population in 2007 [database on the internet]. National Vital Statistics Reports [cited 15 Pebruari 2014]. Available from: Avunduk, C. Manual of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Therapy. Edisi IV. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Sherlock S, Dooley J. Disease of the liver and biliary system. Edisi IX. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993: Rigas B, Spiro HM. Clinical Gastroenterology: companion book. Edisi IV. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 1995: Global Burden of Diseases in 2002 [database on the internet]. WHO Global [cited 9 Pebruari 2014]. Available from:

4 Arguedes MR, Fallon MB. Cirrhosis of the liver and its complications. In: Carpenter CCJ, Griggs RC, Loscalzo J, editors. Cecil essentials of medicine. Edisi XI. Pennsylvania: Saunders, 2004: Price S.A. Patofisiologi konsep Klinis Proses-proses Penyakit, Edisi VI. Jakarta: EGC; Kayacetin E, Efe D, Dogan C. Portal and splenic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients: relationship between esophageal variceal bleeding and the severity of hepatic failure. Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004; 39: Friedman SL, McQuaid KR, Grendell JH. Current diagnosis and treatment in gastroenterology. 2nd ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2003: Porth CM. Pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states. 5th ed. Philadelphia, 1998: Weiss GR. Clinical oncology. Connecticut: Appleton & Lange; Cardenas A, Arroyo V. Mechanism of water and sodium retension in cirrhosis and the phatogenesis of ascites. Best Pract Res Clin Endokrinol Metab 2003; 17: Cheney CP, Goldberg EM, Chopra S. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension: an overview. In: Friedman LS, Keeffe EB, editors. Handbook of liver disease. 2nd ed. China: Churchill Livingstone, 2004: Gilroy J. Basic neurology. 3rd ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2000: Hassan HA. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Dalam: Adi S, editor. Naskah lengkap pendidikan kedokteran berkelanjutan XVI. Surabaya: Laboratorium SMF Penyakit Dalam FK Unair RSUD Dr. Sutomo, 2001: Hirlan. Nutrisi enteral dan parenteral pada penderita penyakit hati kronik. Dalam: Soeroso S, Haryoko W, Setiati TE, Kosim HMS, Triwara B, editor. Gizi klinik: Nutrisi enteral dan parenteral. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro; Doubatty, AC Perbandingan validitas skor mayo end stage liver disease dan skor child-pugh dalam memprediksi ketahanan hidup 12 minggu pada pasien sirosis hepatis. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.

5 Shibli, AB; Tachauer, A; Mohanty, SR.; 2006, Outpatient Management of Cirrhosis, Southern Medicaal Journal, 99 (6), Clinical profile of patients with cirrhosis of liver in a tertiary carehospital, Dharan, Nepal [database on the internet]. Maskey R, Karki P, Ahmed S V, Manandhar D N [cited 3 Maret 2014]. Available from: Sarin SK, Chari S, Sundaram KR, Ahuja RK, Anand BS, Broor SL. Young versus adult cirrhosis: a prospective comparative analysis of the clinical profile, natural course and survival. Gut 1988; 29: Etiology of Liver Cirrhosis in Mexico [database on the internet]. Méndez- Sánchez N, Aguilar-Ramírez JR, Reyes A, Dehesa M, Juárez A, Castañeda B, et al [cited 22 Juli 2014]. Available from: Complications of liver cirrhosis [database on the internet]. Wittenburg H, Tennert U, Berg T [cited 22 Juli 2014]. Available from:

6 54 Lampiran 1. Analisis Univariat beberapa Variabel Statistics N Mean Median Std. Dev iation Minimum Maximum Missing Albumin Lama Usia Bilirubin serum PPT perawatan NPar Tests One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test N Normal Parameters a,b Most Extreme Diff erences Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Asy mp. Sig. (2-tailed) a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated f rom data. Mean Std. Dev iation Absolute Positive Negative Albumin Lama Usia Bilirubin serum PPT perawatan

7 55 Frequency Table Laki-laki Perempuan Jenis kelamin Frequency Percent Percent Percent ,7 67,7 67, ,3 32,3 100, ,0 100,0 Usia < > 70 Frequency Percent Percent Percent HBV Frequency Percent Percent Percent HCV Frequency Percent Percent Percent

8 56 NAFL Frequency Percent Percent Percent Alkohol Frequency Percent Percent Percent Lain-lain Frequency Percent Percent Percent Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH Missing A B C Sy stem Frequency Percent Percent Percent 15 5,0 6,4 6, ,8 32,1 38, ,5 61,5 100, ,2 100, , ,0

9 57 Perdarahan var. Esof Frequency Percent Percent Percent 59 19,5 19,5 19, ,5 80,5 100, ,0 100,0 Ensefalopati Hepatikum Frequency Percent Percent Percent 66 21,8 21,8 21, ,2 78,2 100, ,0 100,0 Karsinoma Hepatoseluler Frequency Percent Percent Percent 34 11,2 11,2 11, ,8 88,8 100, ,0 100,0 Sindr. Hepatorenal Frequency Percent Percent Percent 5 1,7 1,7 1, ,3 98,3 100, ,0 100,0

10 58 Hematemesis Frequency Percent Percent Percent 79 26,1 26,1 26, ,9 73,9 100, ,0 100,0 Melena Frequency Percent Percent Percent 85 28,1 28,1 28, ,9 71,9 100, ,0 100,0 Ascites Frequency Percent Percent Percent ,9 73,9 73, ,1 26,1 100, ,0 100,0 Peritonitis bakterial spontan Frequency Percent Percent Percent 1,3,3, ,7 99,7 100, ,0 100,0 Gastropati HT Porta Frequency Percent Percent Percent 39 12,9 12,9 12, ,1 87,1 100, ,0 100,0

11 59 Efusi pleura Frequency Percent Percent Percent 38 12,5 12,5 12, ,5 87,5 100, ,0 100,0 Pneumonia Frequency Percent Percent Percent 37 12,2 12,2 12, ,8 87,8 100, ,0 100,0 TB paru Frequency Percent Percent Percent 5 1,7 1,7 1, ,3 98,3 100, ,0 100,0 Syok Frequency Percent Percent Percent 7 2,3 2,3 2, ,7 97,7 100, ,0 100,0

12 60 Sepsis Frequency Percent Percent Percent 19 6,3 6,3 6, ,7 93,7 100, ,0 100,0 Penyakit ginjal Frequency Percent Percent Percent 10 3,3 3,3 3, ,7 96,7 100, ,0 100,0 Penyakit jantung Frequency Percent Percent Percent 3 1,0 1,0 1, ,0 99,0 100, ,0 100,0 Survival rate Meninggal Hidup Frequency Percent Percent Percent 60 19,8 19,8 19, ,2 80,2 100, ,0 100,0 Perut membesar Frequency Percent Percent Percent

13 61 Nyeri perut Frequency Percent Percent Percent Berak darah Frequency Percent Percent Percent Muntah darah Frequency Percent Percent Percent Badan lemas Frequency Percent Percent Percent Penurunan kesadaran Frequency Percent Percent Percent

14 62 Mata kuning Frequency Percent Percent Percent Lain2 Frequency Percent Percent Percent Ensefalopati Missing grade I-II grade III-IV Sy stem Frequency Percent Percent Percent Ascites Missing ringan-sedang berat Sy stem Frequency Percent Percent Percent

15 63 Lampiran 2. Analisis Bivariat beberapa Variabel terhadap Survival Rate Jenis kelamin * Survival rate Crosstabulation Jenis kelamin Laki-laki Perempuan Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup ,0% 68,3% 67,7% 12,9% 54,8% 67,7% ,0% 31,7% 32,3% 6,9% 25,4% 32,3% ,0% 100,0% 100,0% 19,8% 80,2% 100,0%

16 64 HBV * Survival rate Crosstabulation HBV Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 61.3% 60.7% 11.6% 49.2% 60.7% % 38.7% 39.3% 8.3% 31.0% 39.3% % 80.2% 100.0% HCV * Survival rate Crosstabulation HCV Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 19.3% 18.2% 2.6% 15.5% 18.2% % 80.7% 81.8% 17.2% 64.7% 81.8% % 80.2% 100.0% NAFL * Survival rate Crosstabulation NAFL Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 7.4% 6.9% 1.0% 5.9% 6.9% % 92.6% 93.1% 18.8% 74.3% 93.1% % 80.2% 100.0%

17 65 Alkohol * Survival rate Crosstabul ation Alkohol Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 80.2% 100.0% % 80.2% 100.0% Lain-lain * Survival rate Crosstabulation Lain-lain Surv iv al rate Meninggal Hidup % 16.9% 19.5% 5.9% 13.5% 19.5% % 83.1% 80.5% 13.9% 66.7% 80.5% % 80.2% 100.0%

18 66 Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH * Survi val rate Crosstabulation Klasif ikasi CHI LD-PUGH A B C Surv iv al rate Meninggal Hidup ,0% 8,2% 6,4%,0% 6,4% 6,4% ,7% 39,0% 32,1% 1,7% 30,3% 32,1% ,3% 52,7% 61,5% 20,5% 41,0% 61,5% ,0% 100,0% 100,0% 22,2% 77,8% 100,0%

19 67 Usia * Survival rate Crosstab Usia < > 70 Expected Expected Expected Expected Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 3.7% 3.3%.3% 3.0% 3.3% % 7.4% 6.9% 1.0% 5.9% 6.9% % 26.3% 26.1% 5.0% 21.1% 26.1% % 35.0% 34.3% 6.3% 28.1% 34.3% % 18.1% 19.5% 5.0% 14.5% 19.5% % 9.5% 9.9% 2.3% 7.6% 9.9% % 80.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) a a. 2 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.98.

20 68 Efusi pleura * Survival rate Crosstab Ef usi pleura Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 14.4% 12.5% 1.0% 11.6% 12.5% % 85.6% 87.5% 18.8% 68.6% 87.5% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

21 69 Pneumonia * Survival rate Crosstab Pneumonia Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 9.1% 12.2% 5.0% 7.3% 12.2% % 90.9% 87.8% 14.9% 72.9% 87.8% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

22 70 TB paru * Survival rate Crosstab TB paru Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 2.1% 1.7%.0% 1.7% 1.7% % 97.9% 98.3% 19.8% 78.5% 98.3% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is. 99.

23 71 Syok * Survival rate Crosstab Sy ok Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup %.0% 2.3% 2.3%.0% 2.3% % 100.0% 97.7% 17.5% 80.2% 97.7% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

24 72 Sepsis * Survival rate Crosstab Sepsis Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup %.4% 6.3% 5.9%.3% 6.3% % 99.6% 93.7% 13.9% 79.9% 93.7% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

25 73 Penyakit ginjal * Survival rate Crosstab Peny akit ginjal Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 2.5% 3.3% 1.3% 2.0% 3.3% % 97.5% 96.7% 18.5% 78.2% 96.7% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

26 74 Penyakit jantung * Survival rate Crosstab Peny akit jantung Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 1.2% 1.0%.0% 1.0% 1.0% % 98.8% 99.0% 19.8% 79.2% 99.0% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided).748 b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is. 59.

27 75 Perdarahan var. Esof * Survival rate Crosstab Perdarahan var. Esof Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 21.4% 19.5% 2.3% 17.2% 19.5% % 78.6% 80.5% 17.5% 63.0% 80.5% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

28 76 Ensefalopati Hepatikum * Survival rate Crosstab Ensef alopati Hepatikum Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 10.3% 21.8% 13.5% 8.3% 21.8% % 89.7% 78.2% 6.3% 71.9% 78.2% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

29 77 Karsinoma Hepatoseluler * Survival rate Crosstab Karsinoma Hepatoseluler Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 11.9% 11.2% 1.7% 9.6% 11.2% % 88.1% 88.8% 18.2% 70.6% 88.8% % 80.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided).626 b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

30 78 Sindr. Hepatorenal * Survival rate Crosstab Sindr. Hepatorenal Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 1.2% 1.7%.7% 1.0% 1.7% % 98.8% 98.3% 19.1% 79.2% 98.3% % 80.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is. 99.

31 79 Hematemesis * Survival rate Crosstab Hematemesis Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 25.5% 26.1% 5.6% 20.5% 26.1% % 74.5% 73.9% 14.2% 59.7% 73.9% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided).198 b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

32 80 Melena * Survival rate Crosstab Melena Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 27.6% 28.1% 5.9% 22.1% 28.1% % 72.4% 71.9% 13.9% 58.1% 71.9% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided).141 b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

33 81 Ascites * Survival rate Crosstab Ascites Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 72.8% 73.9% 15.5% 58.4% 73.9% % 27.2% 26.1% 4.3% 21.8% 26.1% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided).753 b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

34 82 Peritonitis bakterial spontan * Survival rate Crosstab Peritonitis bakterial spontan Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup %.0%.3%.3%.0%.3% % 100.0% 99.7% 19.5% 80.2% 99.7% % 80.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is. 20.

35 83 Gastropati HT Porta * Survival rate Crosstab Gastropati HT Porta Expected Expected Expected Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 14.0% 12.9% 1.7% 11.2% 12.9% % 86.0% 87.1% 18.2% 69.0% 87.1% % 80.2% 100.0% Pearson Chi-Square Continuity Correction a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) b a. Computed only for a 2x2 table (2-sided) (1-sided) b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

36 84 Ensefalopati * Survival rate Crosstabulation Ensef alopati grade I-II grade III-IV Surv iv al rate Meninggal Hidup % 84.4% 44.4% 6.9% 37.5% 44.4% % 15.6% 55.6% 48.6% 6.9% 55.6% % 44.4% 100.0% Ascites * Survival rate Crosstabulation Ascites ringan-sedang berat Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 81.3% 80.3% 16.1% 64.1% 80.3% % 18.8% 19.7% 4.9% 14.8% 19.7% % 78.9% 100.0%

37 85 Tahun * Survival rate Crosstabulation Tahun Surv ival rate Meninggal Hidup % 37.0% 37.0% 7.3% 29.7% 37.0% % 41.6% 40.6% 7.3% 33.3% 40.6% % 21.4% 22.4% 5.3% 17.2% 22.4% % 80.2% 100.0% Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH * Survival rate Crosstab Klasif ikasi CHI LD-PUGH A B C Surv iv al rate Meninggal Hidup % 8.2% 6.4%.0% 6.4% 6.4% % 39.0% 32.1% 1.7% 30.3% 32.1% % 52.7% 61.5% 20.5% 41.0% 61.5% % 77.8% 100.0%

38 86 Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Cases Chi-Square Tests Asy mp. Sig. Value df (2-sided) a a. 1 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.33.

39 87 Lampiran 3. Tabel Frekuensi dari beberapa Variabel Variabel Frekuensi Prosentase Jenis kelamin Laki-laki ,7 Perempuan 98 32,3 Usia < 31 tahun 10 3, tahun 21 6, tahun 79 26, tahun , tahun 59 19,5 > 70 tahun 30 9,9 Keluhan utama Perut membesar ,4 Nyeri perut 17 5,6 Berak darah 32 10,5 Muntah darah 63 20,7 Badan lemas 15 4,9 Penurunan kesadaran 18 5,9 Mata kuning 13 4,3 Lain ,7 Etiologi Virus HBV ,7 HCV 55 18,2 HBV dan HCV 17 30,9 Non Virus NAFL 21 6,9 Lain-lain 59 19,5 Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH A 15 6,4 B 75 32,1 C ,5 Komplikasi Perdarahan varises esophagus 59 19,5

40 88 Ensefalopati Hepatikum 66 21,8 Karsinoma hepatoseluler 34 11,2 Sindrom hepatorenal 5 1,7 Hematemesis 79 26,1 Melena 85 28,1 Ascites ,9 Peritonitis bacterial spontan 1 0,3 Gastropati HT Porta 29 12,9 Komorbid Efusi pleura 38 12,5 Pneumonia 37 12,2 TB paru 5 1,7 Syok 7 2,3 Sepsis 19 6,3 Penyakit ginjal 10 3,3 Penyakit jantung 3 1 Ensefalopati Hepatikum ada ,4 Grade I-II 32 10,5 Grade III-IV 40 13,1 Ascites ada 81 26,6 Ringan-sedang Berat 44 14,4 Survival rate Meninggal 60 19,8 Hidup ,2

41 89 Lampiran 4. Tabel Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Survival Rate Status Variabel Meninggal Hidup Jumlah n % n % n % Jenis kelamin Laki-laki , ,7 Perempuan , ,3 Usia < 31 tahun 1 1,7 9 3,7 10 3, tahun ,4 21 6, tahun , , tahun 19 31, , tahun , ,5 > 70 tahun 7 11,7 23 9,5 30 9,9 Etiologi Virus HBV 35 58, , ,7 HCV 8 13, , ,2 HBV dan HCV , ,9 Non Virus NAFL ,4 21 6,9 Lain-lain , ,5 Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH A ,2 15 6,4 B 4 7, ,1 C 48 92, , ,5 Komplikasi Perdarahan varises esophagus 7 11, , ,5 Ensefalopati hepatikum 41 68, , ,8 Karsinoma hepatoseluler 5 8, , ,2 Sindroma hepatorenal 2 3,3 3 1,2 5 1,7 Hematemesis 17 28, , ,1 Melena , ,1 Ascites 47 78, , ,9

42 90 Peritonitis bakterial spontan 1 1, ,3 Gastropati HT Porta 5 8, ,9 Komorbid Efusi pleura , ,5 Pneumonia , ,2 TB paru ,1 5 1,7 Syok 7 11, ,3 Sepsis ,4 19 6,3 Penyakit ginjal 4 6,7 6 2,5 10 3,3 Penyakit jantung ,2 3 1 Ensefalopati Hepatikum Grade I-II 5 12, , ,4 Grade III-IV 35 87,5 5 15, ,6 Ascites Ringan-sedang 36 76, , ,3 Berat 11 23, , ,7 Tahun , , , , , , ,4

43 91 Tabel uji normalitas kolmogorov smirnov Variabel p Usia 0,193 Bilirubin 0,000 Albumin serum 0,246 PPT 0,000 Lama perawatan 0,000 Tabel deskriptif Variabel N Mean SD Usia ,17 11,755 Albumin serum 259 2,345 0,6009 Variabel N Median Min. Max. Bilirubin 245 1,98 0,11 36,31 PPT 226 5,3-0,9 106,3 Lama perawatan Tabel Chi Square Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH terhadap Survival rate

44 92 Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH Status Meninggal Hidup Jumlah n % n % n % A ,2 15 6,4 < 0,001 B 4 7, ,1 C 48 92, , ,5 p Dari uji Chi Square antara Klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH terhadap status survival didapatkan nilai p = < 0,001, karena p < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara klasifikasi CHILD-PUGH dengan status survival.

45 93 Tabel sebaran usia berdasarkan survival rate Survival Rate Usia Meninggal Hidup p n (60) % n (243) % < ,7 9 3,7 0, , , , ,1 > ,7 23 9,5 Keterangan : Pearson Chi Square Tabel Hubungan comorbid terhadap survival rate Survival Rate Comorbid Meninggal Hidup p n (60) % n (243) % Efusi pleura ,4 0,049* Pneumonia ,1 0,001* TB paru ,1 0,587 Syok 7 11, ,000* Sepsis ,4 0,000* Penyakit ginjal 4 6,7 6 2,5 0,114 Penyakit jantung ,2 1,000 Keterangan : * Signifikan p < 0,05 Pearson Chi Square

46 94 Fisher s Exact Test Tabel Hubungan komplikasi terhadap survival rate Survival Rate Komplikasi Meninggal Hidup p n (60) % n (243) % Perdarahan varises Esofagus 7 11, ,4 0,088 Ensefalopati Hepatikum 41 68, ,3 0,001* Karsinoma Hepatoseluler 5 8, ,9 0,429 Sindroma Hepatorenal 2 3,3 3 1,2 0,258 Hematemesis 17 28, ,5 0,656 Melena ,6 0,708 Ascites 47 78, ,8 0,385 Peritonitis bacterial spontan 1 1, ,198 Gastropati HT Porta 5 8, ,241 Keterangan : * Signifikan p < 0,05 Pearson Chi Square Fisher s Exact Test

47 Lampiran 5. Ethical Clearance 95

48 Lampiran 6. Surat Permohonan Peminjaman Rekam Medis 96

49 Lampiran 7. Dokumentasi Penelitian 97

50 98 Lampiran 8. Biodata Mahasiswa Identitas Nama : Ni Made Tuty Marselina NIM : Tempat / tanggal lahir : Denpasar, 23 Maret 1992 Jenis Kelamin Alamat : Perempuan : Jl. Tanah Putih II No.8 RT03 RW02, Semarang Nomor HP : tuty.marselina@rocketmail.com Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD : 1998 Lulus tahun : SMP : 2004 Lulus tahun : SMA : 2007 Lulus tahun : FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun 2010