12. Wingen AM, Fabian-Bach C, Schaefer F, Mehls O, the European Study Group for Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood.

Transkripsi

1 61 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Trihono PP, Alatas H, Tambunan T, Pardede SO. Konsensus Tatalaksana Sindrom Nefrotik Idiopatik pada Anak. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; International Study of Kidney Desease in Children. The primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone. A report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children. J Pediatr [Internet] [cited 2014 Nov 17 ]; 98: Available from: 3. Bagga A. Indian Academy of Pediatrics. Management of Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Indian Pediatrics [Internet] [cited 2014 Dec 01 ];46: Available from: Indian Pediatrics. 4. McKinney PA, Feltbower RG, Brocklebank JT, Fitzpatrick MM. Time trends and ethnic patterns of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Yorkshire, UK. Pediatr Nephrol [Internet] [cited 2014 Nov 19 ]; 16: Available from: Springer Link. 5. Trihono PP, Putri ND, Pulungan AB. Prognostic factors and survivals of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Indones [Internet] [cited 2014 Nov 15 ]; 53:1. Available from: Paediatrica Indonesiana. 6. Gulati S, Sengupta S, Sharma RK, Sharma A, Gupta RK, Singh U, Gupta A. Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: Role of Histopathology. Pediatr Nephrol [Internet] [cited 2015 Jan 1 ]. Available from: 7. Niaudet P. Nephrotic syndrome in children. Curr Opin Pediatr [Internet] [cited 2015 Feb 01 ].5:l74-9. Available from: PubMed 8. Ruf RG, Lichtenberger A, Karle SM, Haas JP, Anacleto FE, Schultheiss M, dkk. The APN study group. Patients with mutations in NPHS2 (Podocin) do not respond to standard steroid treatment of nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol [Internet] [cited 2015 Jan 3 ];15: Available from: JASN. 9. Guyton AC, Hall JE. In: Pembentukan Urin oleh Ginjal I: Filtrasi Glomerulus, Aliran Darah Ginjal, dan Pengaturannya. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC;2008.p Lowenberg EKM, Berg UB. Influence of serum albumin on renal function in nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol [Internet] [cited 2014 Dec 14 ]; 13:19-. Available from: PubMed. 11. Shaw V. Nutritional management of renal disease. Paediatric Nursing. 1999; 11(4):37-42.

2 12. Wingen AM, Fabian-Bach C, Schaefer F, Mehls O, the European Study Group for Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood. Randomised multicenter study of a low protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. Lancet. 1997; 349: Uauy RD, Hogg RJ, Brewer ED, Reisch JS, Cunningham C, Holliday MA. Dietary protein and growth in infants with chronic renal insufficiency: a report from the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group and the University of California, San Francisco. Pediatr Nephrol. 1994;8: Mansy H, Goodship TH, Tapson JS, Hartley GH, Keavey P, Wilkinson R. Effect of High Protein Diet in Patients with the Nephrotic Syndrome. Clinical Science. 1989;77(4): Walser M, Hill S, Tomalis EA. Treatment of Nephrotic Adults with Suplemented, Very Low Protein Diet. American Journal of Kidney Disease. 1996;28(3): Kopple JD. Nutrition, Diet and the Kidney. In: Diet and Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Maryland:William and Wilkins Co.1997; Kusumawardhani T. Pemberian Diet Formula Tepung Ikan Gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus) pada Penderita Sindrom Nefrotik. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; Gilda G. Pengaruh Suplementasi Kapsul Ekstrak Ikan Gabus Terhadap Kadar Albumin dan Berat Badan pada Anak dengan Sindrom Nefrotik. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; Arlanbi NP. Pengaruh Suplementasi Kapsul Ekstrak Ikan Gabus Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol dan Berat Badan pada Anak dengan Sindrom Nefrotik. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; Pattiha A. Manfaat Ekstrak Ikan gabus Terhadap Kadar Pre-Albumin, Albumin dan CD4 pada Penderita HIV/AIDS.Makassar: Universitas Hassanudin; Koren G. Aspek Khusus dalam Farmakologi Perinatal dan Pediatrik. In: Katzung BG. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik. Jakarta: Jakarta: EGC;2010.p Evans TW. Albumin as a drug. Biological Effects of albumin Unrelated to Oncotic Pressure. Aliment Pharmacol Tel. 2002;Sup 16: Kari JA, El-Desoky SM, Gari M, Malik K, Vega-Warner V, Lovric S, Bockenhauer D. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: impact of genetic testing. Ann Saudi Med [Internet] [cited 2015 Jan 2 ];33(6): Available from: PubMed 62

3 . Lane JC. Pediatric nephrotic syndrome 2014 [cited Jan]. Available from: overview#aw2aab6b2b3aa.. Wirya W. Sindrom Nefrotik. In: Alatas H,Tambunan T, Trihono PP, Pardede SO, editors. Buku Ajar Nefrologi Anak. Jakata: Balai Penerbit FKUI; p Otukesh S, Otukesh H. Management and Outcome of Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome in Children. IJKD [Internet] [cited 2015 Jan 1 ];3: Available from: IJKD. 27. Mahan JD. Nefrologi dan Urologi. In: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, Behrman RE. Nelson Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Esensial. Jakarta : Saunders Elsevier;2014.p Pais P, Avner ED. Nephrotic Syndrome. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Schor NF, III JWSG, Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; p Brenner BM. Renal and systemic manifestations of glomerular disease. In: Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008.p Pudjiastuti P. Kadar transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 urin pada berbagai keadaan proteinuria dan efek penambahan losartan dapa lisinopril terhadap kadar TGF-β1 urin pada anak dengan sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid: suatu uji klinis acak terkontrol. Disertasi. FKUI. Jakarta; Rossing K, Christensen PK, Jensen BR, Parving HH. Dual blockade of renin angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy: a randomised doubleblind crossover study. Diabetes Care 2002;: Luno J, Barrio V, Goicoechea MA, Gonzales Z, De Vinuesa SG, Gomez F, et al. Effects of dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system in primary proteinuric nephropathies. Kidney Int 2002;62 (Suppl 82): Klahr S, Morrissey J. Progression of chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet] [cited 2014 Jan 19];41(3 Suppl 1):S3-7. Available from:pubmed. 34. Presscot WA, Streetman DA, Streetman DS. The potential role of HMG- CoA reductase inhibitors in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. An Pharmacother. 2004;38: Gulati S, Sharma RK, Gulati K, Singh U, Srivastava A. Longitudinal follow-up of bone mineral density in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transpl [internet] [cited 2015 Jan 1 ];20: Available from: 63

4 36. Alatas H. Pemeriksaan laboratorium pada penyakit ginjal. In: Alatas H,Tambunan T, Trihono PP, Pardede SO, editors. Buku Ajar Nefrologi Anak. Jakata: Balai Penerbit FKUI; p Schwartz GJ, Haycock GB, Edelmann CM. A Simple Estimate of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Full Term Infants during the First Year of Life. Pediatrics 1976; 58:9 38. Schwartz GJ, Haycock GB, Spitzer A. Plasma Creatinine and Urea Concentration in Children: Normal Values for Age and Sex. Pediatrics 1979; 88: Du L, Zukotinsy K, Hsiao E, Zurakowski D, Treves ST, Grant F. Pediatric reference ranges for glomerular filtration rate determined by a single injection of Tc-99m. J Nucl Med [Internet]. 2009; (Supplement 2):1375. Available from: Brotowijoyo, M.D. Pengantar Lingkungan dan Budidaya Air. Yogyakarta: Liberty; Anonymous. Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan. Jakarta: PT. Bharata Niaga Media; Astawan M Ikan gabus dibutuhkan pascaoperasi [internet]. [diunduh 2015 Februari 1]. Tersedia pada: cbn.net.id. 43. Carvallo J. Studi profil asam amino, albumin dan mineral Zn pada ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus) dan ikan tomang (Ophiocephalus micropeltes). Malang: Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya; Santoso AH. Uji Potensi Ekstrak Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) sebagai Hepatoprotector pada Tokus yang Diinduksi dengan Parasetamol[dissertation]. Bogor(Indonesia): Institut Pertanian Bogor; PT. Royal Medicalink Pharmalab. VipAlbumin [pamphlet]. Makassar (Indonesia); Kusumawardhani T, Mexitalia M, Susanto JC, Kosnadi L. Pemberian Diet Formula Tepung Ikan Gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus) pada Sindrom Nefrotik. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; Anonymus. Hydration for Children. Natural Hydration Council; Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Pemilihan Uji Hipotesis. In: Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011.p Crawford PB, Obarzanek E, Morrison J, Sabry ZA. Comparative advantage of 3-day food recors over -hpur recall and 5-day food frequency validated by observation of 9 and 10-year-old girls. J Am Diet Assoc [cited 2015 Jun 15]; 94(6):626-. Available from: Pubmed.. Noer MS. Evaluasi fungsi ginjal secara laboratorik. Surabaya: SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FK UNAIR. 64

5 Lampiran 1. Etchical Clearance 65

6 Lamiran 2. Izin Penelitian 66

7 Lampiran 3. Informed Consent 67

8 68

9 69

10 70

11 71 Lampiran 4. Spreadsheet Data Lampiran 5. Hasil Analisis Deskripsi usia Usiatahun Statistics Valid 7 N Missing 0 Mean 6,714 Median 7,000 Mode 2,0 a Std. Deviation 4,4615 Variance 19,905 Range 13,0 a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

12 Laju filtrasi glomerulus sebelum dan setelah perlakuan 72

13 73 Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus Sebelum Perlakuan Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus Akhir

14 74 Paired T-test Perbedaan laju filtrasi glomerulus sebelum dan setelah perlakuan

15 75 Lampiran 6. Food Recall Pasien Hari ke-/waktu Bahan makanan Protein Nama Banyaknya (gram) makanan URT Gram Pagi Tempe 9,15 Kangkung ¼ gelas 0,75 Ikan 1 ekor Ikan 1 ekor Pagi 3 -Pagi Pagi 2 -Pagi 3 -Pagi Ikan Ikan Ayam Ayam Tempe Tahu 5 sdm 1 ekor 1 ekor ¼ potong 5 sdm ¼ ekor 2 potong 1 buah ,55 4,55 18,3 7,8 Jumlah protein (gram) 154,68 129,95

16 Pagi 2 -Pagi 3 -Pagi Pagi 2 -Pagi Ikan Tahu Bayam Tempe Tempe Ikan Tahu Tahu Bayam Ayam Tahu Bayam Ayam 5 sdm 1 ekor 5 sdm 5 sdm 1 buah 4sdm 1 ekor 1 buah 4 sdm 5 sdm 5 sdm ¼ potong 1 buah 4 sdm ¼ potong ,8 0,7 9,15 9, ,8 7,8 0,7 4,55 7,8 0,7 4,55 1,6 108,22

17 77 3 -Pagi Pagi 2 -Pagi 3 -Pagi Pagi 2 -Pagi Ikan lele Tempe Tempe Ayam Bubur Ayam Bayam Ayam Ayam Tempe Kacang Ikan bandeng Kacang Ikan bandeng Tempe Bayam Tempe Ayam 3/4 gelas 1 ekor 5 sdm ¼ potong ¼ potong 4 sdm ¼ potong ¾ potong ¼ potong ¼ gelas ¼ gelas 4 sdm ¼ potong 5 sdm ,6 9,15 9,15 4,55 4,55 0,7 4,55 4,55 9,15 4,5 4, 4,5 4, 9,15 0,7 9,15 4,55 2,72 141,57

18 78 3 -Pagi Pagi 2 -Pagi 1 -Pagi Ikan Ikan bandeng Kangkung Ayam Ikan Tahu Tempe Tempe Ikan Bayam Bayam Tahu Tempe Ikan 1 ekor ¼ gelas ¼ potong 1 ekor 1 buah 5 sdm 1 ekor 1 s dm 1 s dm 1 s dm 1 buah 1 s dm 1 ekor , 0,75 4, ,8 9,15 9, ,7 0,7 7,8 9, ,74 Rata-rata konsumsi protein dalam 3 hari tiap pasien 148, Rata-rata konsumsi pasien perhari tiap pasien 49,

19 Lampiran 7. Checklist Penelitian 79

20 80 Lampiran 8. Dokumentasi Penelitian Informed consent dan penyerahan suplemen kepada orang tua pasien Pengambilan sampel darah di laboratorium sebelum diberi suplementasi

21 81 Kartu kontrol pasien Pengambilan sampel darah oleh petugas setelah suplementasi selama 21 hari

22 82 Lampiran 9. Biodata Mahasiswa Identitas Nama : Nisa Ashila NIM : Tempat/tanggal lahir : Semarang, 12 September 1995 Jenis kelamin Alamat : Perempuan : Jalan Sidomukti Utara I No. 6B, Pajang, Surakarta Nomor Telepon : Nomor HP : nisashila@yahoo.co.id Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD : SD Muhammadiyah PK Surakarta Lulus tahun: SMP : SMP Negeri 9 Surakarta Lulus tahun: SMA : SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta Lulus tahun: FK UNDIP : masuk tahun : 2011