MANAJEMEN PERSEDIAAN Modul ke: Fakultas FEB Material Handling (MH) Every time you pick up an article without changing its form, you add to its cost but not to its value Prepared by: Mr. Henry Ford. Dr. Sawarni Hasibuan Program Studi Manajemen www.mercubuana.ac.id
Fakta tentang MH Material Handling melibatkan: 25% dari seluruh karyawan 55% dari seluruh area pabrik 87% dari waktu produksi 15-70% dari biaya total produk yang diproduksi 3-5% dari seluruh material yang ditangani menjadi rusak Benar-benar tereliminasi (value) Namun, handling lebih sedikit bukan solusi.
Tujuan Material Handling Mengurangi biaya manufacturing total melalui: Persediaan berkurang Keamanan meningkat Pencurian berkurang Pengendalian material meningkat Kualitas manufacturing lebih baik dengan: Mengurangi persediaan Mengurangi kerusakan Save money, save time, save man
Defenisi MHS Material handling adalah seni dan ilmu dari perpindahan (moving), penyimpanan (storing), proteksi (protecting), dan pengendalian (controlling) material Moving: diperlukan untuk membuat utilitas waktu dan tempat. Nilai memiliki material pada waktu yang tepat dan tempat yang tepat. Storing: Menjadi penyangga antara operasi, memfasilitasi penggunaan orang dan mesin secara efisien. Protecting: termasuk pengemasan, kemasan dari kerusahkan dan pencurian. Controlling: Fisik: orientasi, urutan, dan ruang antara material. Status: Real-time awareness terhadap lokasi, jumlah, destinasi, asal, kepemilikan, dan jadwal material.
Materials Handling Systems (MHS) MHS adalah sekelompok equipment yang memungkinkan pergerakan fisik dalam rantai distribusi termasuk rantai produksi dan gudang dari bahan baku, bahan dalam proses dan produk akhir. Karenanya, sistem material handling melibatkan serangkaian aktivitas. Umumnya, materials handling berkaitan dengan tugas-tugas yang harus dilakukan untuk tujuan memindahkan beban di sekitar lantai pabrik untuk disimpan atau dipindahkan. Materials handling dilakukan dengan satu atau lebih cara di sepanjang rantai pasok termasuk fungsi produksi, distribusi, penyimpanan, dan retail.
Handling in a warehouse or distribution center will have a major impact on how effectively materials flow through the system, and on the cost, resource and time taken to get orders out to the customer. In addition, handling equipment can be capital intensive, and the act of movement can be labour intensive. Material handling equipment eases manual handling chores and enhances operational efficiency.
Various methods of handling goods are used in warehousing, from manual through to automated or robotic systems, and a broad categorization could be: Manual handling; Manually operated trucks and trolleys; Powered trucks and tractors, operator controlled and driven; Powered trucks and trolleys, driverless, computercontrolled; Crane systems; Conveyors; Robotics
The factors to be considered when deciding on the appropriate type of handling system for a particular application include: Types of load being handled including the unit load characteristics; Quantity of material being handled; Frequency of movement; Distances to be travelled, horizontal and vertical; Numbers and locations of pick-up and drop points; Adjacent activities; Nature of terrain; Flexibility required
Handling system are classified as mechanized, semi automated, automated, and information- driven.
Prinsip-prinsip MH 9. Environmental 10. Life Cycle Cost 1. Planning 8. Automation 2. Standardization MH 7. System 3. Work principle 6. Space Utilization 4. Ergonomic 5. Unit load
Dr. Muzaffer Kapanoğlu - Decision Support Systems 2003 Persamaan Sistem Material Handling
The What Question 1. What are the types of material to be moved? 2. What are their characteristics? 3. What are the amounts moved and stored? The Where Question 1. Where is the material coming from? Where should it come from? 2. Where is the material delivered? Where should it be delivered? 3. Where is the material stored? Where should it be stored? 4. Where can material handling tasks be eliminated, combined or simplified? 5. Where can you apply mechanization or automation? The When Question 1. When is material needed? When should it be moved? 2. When is it time to mechanize or automate? 3. When should we conduct a material handling performance audit? The How Question 1. How is the material moved or stored? How should material be moved or stored? What are the alternative ways of moving or storing the material? 2. How much inventory should be maintained? 3. How is the material tracked? How should the material be tracked? 4. How should the problem be analyzed? The Who Question 1. Who should be handling material? What are the required skills to perform the material handling tasks? 2. Who should be trained to service and maintain the material handling system? 3. Who should be involved in designing the system? The Which Question 1. Which material handling operations are necessary? 2. Which type of material handling equipment, if any, should be considered? 3. Which material handling system is cost effective? 4. Which alternative is preferred?
Categories of Material Handling Equipment 1. Containers and Unitizing Equipment Containers Unitizers 2. Material Transport Equipment Conveyors Industrial Vehicles Monorails, Hoists, and Cranes 3. Storage and Retrieval Equipment Unit Load Storage and Retrieval Unit Load Storage Equipment Unit Load Retrieval Equipment Small Load Storage and Retrieval 4. Automatic Data Collection and Communication Equipment Automatic Identification and Recognition Automatic Paperless Communication
Containers: Tote pans
Containers: Pallets
Unitizers: Palletizer
Unitizers: Stretchwrapper
Conveyors
Conveyors
Industrial Vehicles
Industrial Vehicles
Storage and Retrieval
Storage and Retrieval
Monorails, Hoists and Cranes
Stock to operator: Carousels
18. Cost 17. Layout 16. System Flow 15. Computerization 14. Safety MH-Principles 19. Maintenance 20. Obsolescence MH 1. Orientation 2. Planning 3. Systems 4. Unit load principle 5. Space utilization 13. Gravity 6. Standardization 12. Simplification 10. Mechanization 7. Ergonomic 11. Flexibility 9. Ecology 8. Energy
Terima Kasih Sawarni Hasibuan, Dr.