DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PKE- T I P UB 2015
MATERI PERKULIAHAN Dosen Pengampu : RLS dan SAM Pertem uan 1 UTS Desain Kerja dan Produktivitas Pertemu an UAS 8 Konsep Dasar Ergonomi 2 Telaah Metode 9 Sistem Manusia Mesin 3 Studi Gerakan 10 Desain Stasiun Kerja 4 Peta Kerja 1 11 Antropometri 5 Peta Kerja 2 12 Beban dan Kelelahan Kerja 6 Studi Waktu 1 13 Lingkungan Fisik Kerja 7 Studi Waktu 2 14 Display UTS UAS
NILAI DAN PERATURAN Nilai akhir : SAM (35%), RLS (35%), praktikum (30%) Nilai RLS : Tugas 30%, Kuis 20%, UTS 50% 15 menit keterlambatan Semua HP dan sejenisnya mohon silent/non-aktif Silakan minum dan makan sewajarnya Kuis tidak akan diberitahukan sebelumnya Izin : sakit dan keluarga dengan surat Nilai UTS akan diinformasikan melalui blog Semua pertanyaan tentang nilai UTS dilayani 1 minggu setelah tanggal pengumuman di blog Ketua kelas?
DESAIN KERJA? ERGONOMI?
DESAIN KERJA? ERGONOMI?
DESAIN KERJA? ERGONOMI? Sejarah dimulai pada Perang Dunia II ketika pakar psikologi, fisiologi, antropologi, dokter, insinyur mulai menggabungkan teknologi dan ilmu manusia bersama. Ergonomi : studi tentang interaksi manusia dan mesin dan faktor yang mempengaruhi interaksi (Bridger, 2003). Ergonom : dari kata Yunani ergon (kerja) dan nomos (hukum) (Dul and Weerdmeester, 2008). Ergonomics ~ Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) Perancangan/desain kerja : studi prinsip dan teknik untuk menghasilkan desain kerja terbaik (manusia, material, lingkungan) efektif, efisien, produktif
DESAIN KERJA? ERGONOMI? Tujuan utama ergonomi dan desain kerja : Untuk mencapai produktivitas optimal, sekaligus memperhatikan kesehatan dan keamanan kerja Ergonomi merupakan penyebab kecelakaan kerja terbesar
LINGKUP PERANCANGAN KERJA DAN ERGONOMI LINGKUP UTAMA ERGONOMI Interaksi antara manusia, mesin, dan lingkungan LINGKUP UMUM ERGONOMI Konsumen, pengembangan produk, dsb.
DESAIN KERJA DAN LINGKUP ERGONOMI
HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT - Temperature and Climate - Psychology and Workload - Control System - Display System - Noise and Light - Display and Tools Optimation - Material Handling - Energy Consumption - Sit Position and Design Concept - Workplace Design - Anthropometry - Work Design and Biomechanic - Neural System and EMG - Physiologycal System
HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT Interaction H > M : control actions by the human on the machine H > E : effects of the human on the environment M > H : feedback from the machine M > E : machines may alter environment E > H : the environment may influence the human E > M : the environment may affect the machine Evaluation Anatomical : cycle time, posture Physiological : work rate/work load, fatigue Psychological : mental workload Physical : working environment, standards Anatomical : design Physical : vibration, noise Physiological : heat Psychological : meet user expectations Mainly by industrial/site engineers and industrial hygienists Physical/physiological : noise, temperature, lighting Industrial/site engineers, maintenance, facilities management Anatomical : Posture analysis with REBA
HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT Interaction H > M : control actions by the human on the machine H > E : effects of the human on the environment M > H : feedback from the machine M > E : machines may alter environment E > H : the environment may influence the human E > M : the environment may affect the machine Evaluation Anatomical : cycle time, posture Physiological : work rate/work load, fatigue Psychological : mental workload Physical : working environment, standards Anatomical : design Physical : vibration, noise Physiological : heat Psychological : meet user expectations Mainly by industrial/site engineers and industrial hygienists Physical/physiological : noise, temperature, lighting Industrial/site engineers, maintenance, facilities management Physiological : Body temperature and Heart rate
HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT Interaction H > M : control actions by the human on the machine H > E : effects of the human on the environment M > H : feedback from the machine M > E : machines may alter environment E > H : the environment may influence the human E > M : the environment may affect the machine Evaluation Anatomical : cycle time, posture Physiological : work rate/work load, fatigue Psychological : mental workload Physical : working environment, standards Anatomical : design Physical : vibration, noise Physiological : heat Psychological : meet user expectations Mainly by industrial/site engineers and industrial hygienists Physical/physiological : noise, temperature, lighting Industrial/site engineers, maintenance, facilities management Physical : Environment temperature, dust, oxygen
HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT Interaction H > M : control actions by the human on the machine H > E : effects of the human on the environment M > H : feedback from the machine M > E : machines may alter environment E > H : the environment may influence the human E > M : the environment may affect the machine Evaluation Anatomical : cycle time, posture Physiological : work rate/work load, fatigue Psychological : mental workload Physical : working environment, standards Anatomical : design Physical : vibration, noise Physiological : heat Psychological : meet user expectations Mainly by industrial/site engineers and industrial hygienists Physical/physiological : noise, temperature, lighting Industrial/site engineers, maintenance, facilities management Psychological : drowsiness, blink rate Site/industrial engineering
WORK PRODUCTIVITY Effective? Efficient? Productive? Example : An output standard for a worker to do a job is 250 units in 5 hours (50units/hour). Because of a method mistake, on day A the worker could only finished 200 units in 5 hours. But on day B, the worker was so determined that he could finished 250 units in 4 hours. Effectivity (units on day A) : 200/250 = 80% degree of accomplishment (doing the right things) Efficiency (time on day B) : (5-4)/5 = 20% inputs usage to produce standardized outputs (doing things right) Productivity (units/hour on day B) : 250/4 = 62.5 units/hour ratio of outputs to inputs
WORK PRODUCTIVITY
FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS Technical factors : work method, work environment, tools/machines, materials Human factors : ability, skill, motivation Management factors : wage, treatment, awards and punishment
PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA
WORK SPEED AND ERROR Work speed and error are generally correlated, considering : age, experience, ability 1. Two factors as productivity input : - Amount/number of outputs achieved - Time needed to complete a job/task 2. Productivity rate increase must consider quality control of the product.
WHAT IS WORK DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS? The science of matching the job to the worker, and the product to the user Worker? User/customer? The scientific study of human work Fitting the task/job to the human
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