RINGKASAN PENEMUAN Pendahuluan Laporan ini membentangkan maklumat perangkaan industri getah dikumpul dari pelbagai sumber. Data estet diperoleh daripada Banci Ekonomi 211 (tahun rujukan 21), manakala maklumat kebun kecil daripada agensi terlibat dalam industri getah. Data lain dalam laporan ini diperoleh daripada sumber SUMMARY FINDINGS Introduction This report presents the statistics of rubber industry compiled from various sources. Data on estates was obtained from the Economic Census 211 (reference year 21) whilst information on smallholdings were from agencies involved in the rubber industry. Other data in this report were obtained from internal sources in the Department dalaman Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Antara of Statistics, Malaysia. Among the principal perangkaan utama dilaporkan adalah bilangan estet, keluasan bertanam, pengeluaran getah asli, guna tenaga, gaji & upah, import, eksport, penggunaan domestik dan stok. statistics reported are the number of estates, planted area, natural rubber (NR) production, employment, salaries & wages, imports, exports, domestic consumption and stocks. Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan bagi perangkaan utama industri getah dari 25 hingga 21 adalah seperti Jadual 1 di bawah. The annual growth rates on principal statistics of rubber industry from 25 to 21 are shown in Table 1 below. Jadual 1 : Perangkaan utama industri getah, 25-21 Table 1 : Principal statistics of rubber industry, 25-21 Perangkaan utama Principal statistics 25* 21 Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan Annual growth rate (%) Jumlah keluasan bertanam getah (hektar) Total rubber planted area (hectares) - Estet/ Estates - Kebun kecil/ Smallholdings Jumlah pengeluaran getah asli (tan metrik) Total NR production (tonnes) - Estet/Estates - Kebun kecil/smallholdings Import getah asli (tan metrik) Imports of NR (tonnes) Eksport getah asli (tan metrik) Exports of NR (tonnes) Penggunaan domestik (tan metrik) Domestic consumption (tonnes) Guna tenaga di estet (bilangan) Employment on estates (number) Gaji & upah (RM ) Salaries & wages 58,78 1,198,67 65,291 1,6,732 1,257,315 1,126,23 9,866 963,115 56,337 882,94 1,12,981 939,241-4.2-3.2-4.3-3.6-2.9-3.6 461,859 76,2 8.9 1,128, 9,77-4.4 386,472 457,854 3.4 11,781 1,557-2.2 13,11 115,848 2.4 * Sumber : Perangkaan Getah Bulanan Source : Monthly Rubber Statistics 1
Bilangan estet Number of estates Bilangan estet getah beroperasi pada 21 adalah sebanyak 188 berbanding 364 pada 22. Pengurangan bilangan estet ketara berlaku pada 24 iaitu sebanyak 98 estet berbanding tahun sebelumnya (Carta 1). Pengurangan ini disebabkan oleh pertukaran daripada tanaman getah kepada kelapa sawit. The number of rubber estates operating in 21 was 188 compared to 364 in 22. The significant reduction in the number of estates took place in 24 amounting 98 estates as compared to the previous year (Chart 1). The reduction was due to the conversion from rubber planting to oil palm. Carta 1: Bilangan estet, 22-21 Chart 1: Number of estates, 22-21 Bil. estet No. of estates 4 364 36 3 3 262 2 2 229 213 197 196 185 188 1 1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 Tahun / Year 2
Keluasan bertanam Planted area Pengurangan bilangan estet getah dari 22 hingga 21 juga mempengaruhi jumlah keluasan bertanam getah secara keseluruhan. Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan bagi keluasan bertanam di estet menyusut 3..2 peratus setahun. Keluasan bertanam getah milik pekebun kecil juga turut berkurangan bagi tempoh sama. Ini menyebabkan keluasan bertanam getah pada keseluruhannya berkurangan pada kadar 4. 2 peratus setahun (Jadual 1 dan Carta 2). The decrease in the number of estates from 22 to 21 also influenced planted area. The annual growth rate on rubber planted area on estates was reduced by 3.2 per cent per year. The rubberr planted area owned by the smallholders also declined for the same period. This caused the overall decrease of rubber planted area at a rate of 4.2 per cent per year (Table 1 and Chart 2). the overal l total rubber Carta 2: Keluasan bertanam getah mengikut estet dan kebun kecil, 22-21 Chart 2: Rubber planted area by estate and smallholding, 22-21 Carta 3: Peratus keluasan bertanam getah mengikut estett dan kebun kecil, 21 Chart 3: Percentage of rubber planted area by estate and smallholding, 21 14 12 1239 121 Estet Estates 122 1197 Kebun Kecil Smallholdings 119 1193 1194 1 8 6 4 2 85 78 64 59 54 22 23 24 25 964 26 963 Kebun Kecil Smallholdings 95.1% hektar/hectare Estet Estates 4.9% 53 51 27 28 29 21 Tahun /Year Jumlah/Total: 1,12,981 hektar/hectares Carta 3 menunjukkan sebahagian besar penanaman getah dimiliki oleh pekebun kecil iaitu berjumlah 963,115 hektar (95.1%) dan baki 49,866 hektar (4.9%) dimiliki oleh estet. Chart 3 shows that a large portion of the rubber planting was owned by the smallholders totalling 963,115 hectares (95.1%) and the balance 49,866 hectares (4.9%) owned by the estates. 3
The total planted area on estates that was direkodkan pada 21 adalah sebanyak 116,413 recorded in 21 was 116,413 hectares which hektar sawi sawit comprise of oil palm (54.9%), rubber (42.8%), (54.9%), getah (42.8%), koko dan tanaman lain cocoa and other crops (2. 3%). The biggest (2.3%). %). Keluasan bertanam getah terbesar di rubber planted area on estates in 21 was estet pada 21 adalah Kedah & Perlis (23.4%), Kedah & Perlis (23.4%), followed by Negeri diikuti Negeri Sembilan (19.3%), Kelantan & Sembilan (19.3%), Kelantan & Terengganu Terengganu (16.6%) dan negeri lain seperti (16.6%) and other states as shown in Chart 4. Jumlah keluasan tanaman terdiri di daripada estet kelapa ditunjukkan dalam Carta 4. Carta 4: Keluasan tanaman (hektar) di estet mengikut me ngikut jenis jenis tanaman tanaman dan dan negeri negeri, 21 Chart 4: Planted area (hectare) on estates by type of crops and state, 21 Koko dan tanaman lain Cocoa and other crops 2,694 (2.3%) Kelapa Sawit/ Oil Palm 63,853 (54.9%) Kelantan & Terengganu 16.6% Melaka Melaka 2.2% Negeri Sembilan 19.3% Getah/Rubber Getah/ 49,866 (42.8%) Pahang 15.% Kedah & Perlis 23.4% Perak 6.6% Johor 12.% 4 Selangor & Sabah 4.9%
Pengeluaran Production Pengeluaran getah mencatatkan The production of natural rubber recorded an peningkatan sebanyak 9.6 peratus pada 21 increase of 9.6 per cent in 21 as compared to berbanding 29 kepada 939,241 939, tan metrik. 29 to 939,241 tonnes. The production of the Pengeluaran di kebun kecil bertambah sebanyak smallholdings rose by 82,657 tonnes (+1.3%) 82,657 tan metrik (+1.3%) %) iaitu daripada that is from 8,248 tonnes in 29 to 882,94 8,247 tan metrik pada 29 kepada 882,94 tonnes in 21. Meanwhile, the production in the tan itu, estate recorded a decline of.8 per cent to pengeluaran di estet mencatatkan pengurangan 56,337 tonnes for the same period (Chart (Char 5). This sebanyak.8 peratus kepada 56,337 tan metrik showed that the smallholdings allholdings sector was also bagi Ini the main contributor in the production of natural adalah rubber (94.%) compared to estates (6.%) metrik pada tempoh asli 21. menunjukkan Sementara sama sektor (Carta kebun 5). kecil penyumbang utama dalam pengeluaran getah (Chart 6). asli (94.%) berbanding estet (6.%) (Carta 6). Carta 5: Pengeluaran getah asli mengikut estet dan kebun kecil, 22-21 Chart 5: Natural rubber production by estate and smallholding, 22-21 21 Kebun kecil Smallholdings 94.% 882.9 1,12.8 1,132.7 1,215.2 1,6.7 99.3 Kebun kecil Smallholdings 8.2 1, 85. 1,2 8 56.3 56.8 59.6 65.5 68.4 65.3 71.1 2 76.4 4 85. 6 6.% Estet Estates Tahun /Year Year 21 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 ( t an metrik/tonnes) 1,4 1,97.5 Estet Estates Carta 6: Peratus pengeluaran getah asli mengikut estet dan kebun kecil, 21 Chart 6: Percentage of natural rubber production by estate e and smallholding, 21 Jumlah pengeluaran/total Total production : 939,241 tan metrik/tonnes tonnes ANNUAL ANNUAL RUBBER RUBBER STATISTICS STATISTICS 211 5
Guna tenaga Employment In 21, the number of employment recorded direkodkan di estet adalah seramai 1,557 or ang on estates was 1,557 persons which consist terdiri daripada pekerja estet (8,99 orang), of pentadbiran (1,24 orang), pemilik bekerja, administrative rakan niaga aktif & pekerja keluarga tidak proprietors, active partners and unpaid family bergaji (23 orang) dan pekerja di bawah workers (23 persons) and workers under sub - subkontraktor seramai 34 orang (Carta 7). contractor ractor 34 persons (Chart 7). A total of Daripada jumlah guna tenaga ini, seramai 1,194 persons were paid employees with 1,194 orang adalah pekerja bergaji dengan gaji salaries & wages paid amounting RM115.8 & upah dibayar sebanyak RM115.8 juta million (Table 2). Pada 21, bilangan guna tenaga estate workers (1,24 (8,99 persons), persons), working (Jadual 2). The average monthly salaries & wages Purata gaji & upah sebulan diterima oleh received by the estate workers in 21 was pekerja di estet pada 21 adalah sebanyak RM947. Melaka recorded the highest average RM947. Melaka mencatatkan purata gaji & upah monthly salaries & wages at RM1,29. sebulan tertinggi iaitu RM1,29. berbanding compared to other states as shown in Table 2. dengan negeri lain seperti di Jadual 2. Carta 7: Guna tenaga di estet mengikut kategori pekerja, 21 Chart 7: Employment on estates by category of workers, 21 Jadual 2: Purata Purata gaji gaji & & upah upah sebulan sebulan mengikut mengikut negeri, negeri, 21 Table 2: Monthly average verage salaries & wages by state, 21 Negeri State Pekerja estet Estate workers 85.2% Jumlah 3.2% Pekerja di bawah subkontraktor Workers under sub- contractor Pekerja pentadbiran Administrative staff 11.4%.2% Pemilik bekerja, rakan niaga aktif dan pekerja keluarga tidak bergaji Working proprietors, active business partners and unpaid family workers Jumlah guna tenaga/total Total employment : 1,557 orang/persons persons 6 Bil. guna tenaga No. of employment 1,557 Bil. pekerja bergaji No. of paid employees 1,194 Gaji & upah Salaries & wages (RM ) 115,848 Purata gaji & upah sebulan Monthly average salaries & wages (RM) 947 Johor 1,294 1,282 12,243 Kedah & Perlis 2,554 2,393 27,878 971 Kelantan & Terengganu 1,617 1,614 16,794 867 317 313 4,847 1,29 Negeri Sembilan 2,28 2,168 25,59 963 Pahang Melaka 796 1,392 1,297 16,272 1,45 Perak 73 682 7,939 97 Selangor & Sabah 445 445 4,816 92
Import Imports Malaysia mengimport sebanyak 76,2 tan Malaysia imported a total of 76,2 tonnes of metrik getah asli pada 21. Separuh daripada natural rubber in 21. Half of the natural import getah asli terdiri daripada Lateks Pekat rubber imports comprised of Latex Concentrate (52.7%), diikuti dengan Getah Berpiawaian (52.7%), followed by Standard Rubber (23.2%), (23.2%), Wet slabs and scrap (13.%), Ribbed Smoke Getah keping basah dan skrap (13.%), Getah Asap Berbunga (6.6%) dan lain - Sheets (6.6%) and others (4.6%)(Chart 9). lain (4.6%)(Carta 9). Carta 9: Import getah asli mengikut jenis, 21 Chart 9: Imports of natural rubber by types, 21 4 Carta 1: Import getah asli mengikut negara asal, 21 Chart 1: Imports of natural rubber by country of origin, 21 Jumlah import/total imports: 76,2 tan metrik/tonnes metrik/ 371.9 Indonesia 7.4% tan m etrik/tonn es 3 Viet Nam 9.7% 3 2 2 Thailand 61.7% 164.1 1 91.7 1 46.3 Myanmar 4.2% 32.2 Lateks Pekat Latex Concentrate Getah Berpiawaian Standard Rubber Getah keping basah dan skrap Wet slabs and scrap Getah Asap Berbunga Ribbed Smoked Sheets Filipina Philippines 5.6% Jenis lain Other types Jumlah import/total imports: 76,2 tan metrik/tonnes Negara lain Other countries 11.3% Thailand merupakan pembekal utama getah asli Thailand was the major supplier of natural ke Malaysia (435,94 tan metrik), diikuti Viet rubber rubber to to Malaysia Malaysia (435,94 (435,94 tonnes), tonnes), followed followed by by Nam (68,457 tan metrik), Indonesia (52,561 tan Viet Viet Nam Nam (68,457 (68,457 tonnes), tonnes), Indonesia Indonesia (52,561 (52,561 metrik), Filipina (39,468 tan metrik), Myanmar tonnes), tonnes), Philippines Philippines (39,468 (39,468 tonnes), tonnes), Myanmar Myanmar (29,889 tan metrik) dan negara-negara negara lain (29,889 (29,889 tonnes) tonnes) and and other other countries countries (79,935 (79,935 (79,935 tan metrik) (Carta 1). tonnes) (Chart 1). ANNUAL ANNUAL RUBBER RUBBER STATISTICS STATISTICS 211 7
Eksport Exports Eksport getah asli dicatatkan pada 21 Exports of natural natural rubber rubber recorded recorded in in 21 21 was was adalah sebanyak iaitu 9,77 tonnes, increased by 29.1 per cent meningkat 29.1 peratus berbanding 29. Jenis compared to 29. The main type of natural getah asli utama dieksport adalah Getah rubber exported was Standard Malaysian Mutu Malaysia (93.1%), Lateks Pekat (5.3%), Rubber (93.1%), Latex Concentrate (5.3%), Getah Asap Berbunga a (1.2%) dan jenis lain Ribbed Smoke Sheets (1.2%) and other (.4%) (Carta 11). countries (.4% ) (Chart 11). Lebih satu pertiga getah asli Malaysia dieksport More than one third of Malaysia s natural ke Rep. Rakyat China (38.6%), diikuti Jerman rubber was exported to People s Rep. of China (13.1%), Rep. Korea (5.4%), Amerika Syarikat (38.6%), followed by Germany (13.1%), Rep. (4.4%), Rep. Islam Iran (4.3%) dan negara lain of Korea (5.4%), United States of America (34.1%) (Carta 12). (4.4%), Islamic Rep. of Iran (4.3%) other 9,77 tan metrik countries (34.1%) %) (Chart 12). Carta 11: Eksport getah asli mengikut jenis, 21 Chart 11: Exports of natural rubber by types, 21 % 1 Carta 12: Eksport Eksport getah getah asli asli mengikut mengikut negara negara dituju, 21 Chart 12: Exports Exports of of natural natural rubber rubber by by country of destination, 21 Rep. Rakyat China Rep. of China 38.6% 93.1% 9 8 7 Rep. Korea Rep. of Korea 5.4% Amerika Syarikat U.S.A 4.4% 6 4 3 2 5.3% 1.2% Lateks Pekat Latex concentrate Getah Asap Berbunga Ribbed smoked sheets Rep. Islam Iran Islamic Rep. of Iran 4.3%.4% 1 Getah Mutu Malaysia Standard Malaysian Rubber 8 Jerman Germany 13.1% Jenis lain Other types Negara lain Others 34.2% Jumlah eksport/total exports : 9,77 tan metrik/tonnes
Penggunaan domestik Domestic consumption Pada 21, penggunaan getah asli dalam In 21, the domestic consumption of natural negara berjumlah 457,854 tan metrik iaitu rubber berkurang 1,852 tan metrik (-2.3%) ( berbanding decrease 29. Industri sarung tangan getah mewakili compared to 29. Rubber gloves industry 68.6 peratus daripada ripada keseluruhan penggunaan represents 68.6 per cent of the total domestic domestik getah consumption of natural rubber followed by (1.4%), tayar & tiub (8.5%) dan lain -lain (12.5%) rubber thread read (1.4%), (1.4%), tyre tyre & & tubes tubes (8.5%) (8.5%) and and (Carta 13). others (12.5%) (Chart 13). 13) getah asli diikuti benang amounted of to 1,852 457,854 tonnes tonnes, ( -2.3%) a as Carta 13: Penggunaan domestik getah asli mengikut jenis, 29 dan 21 Chart 13: Domestic consumption of natural rubber by types, 29 and 21 3, 316,711 314,159 T an metrik/t onnes 3, 2, 2, 1, 57,961 1, 56,971 57,126 47,759 37,63 38,81, Sarung tangan getah Rubber gloves Benang getah Rubber thread 29 Tayar & tiub Tyre & tubes Jenis lain Others 21 Stok Stocks Jumlah stok getah asli pada akhir 21 adalah The total stocks at the end of 21 amounted sebanyak 142,448 tan metrik iaitu berkurang to 142,448 tonnes, dropped 18,774 tonnes 18,774 tan metrik ( -11.6%) 11.6%) berbanding 29. (-11.6%) as compared compared to to 29. 29. The The licencees licencees Pelesen getah) (processors and consumers of rubber) held menyimpan hampir keseluruhan stok getah asli almost all of the natural rubber stocks which hingga 99.8 peratus manakala selebihnya oleh amounted to 99.8 per cent whereas the rest by estet (.2%) (Jadual 1.1). the estate (.2%) (Table Table 1.1). (pemproses dan pengguna ANNUAL ANNUAL RUBBER RUBBER STATISTICS STATISTICS 211 9