DISBURSEMENT HORISONTAL (SEKTORAL & STAKEHOLDERS) VERTIKAL (PUSAT & DAERAH)

Transkripsi

1 Dr. Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat Lektor Kepala Kebijakan Kehutanan Departemen Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB Bogor Worksghop Opsi Pendanaan(Financing Option) Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim di Sektor Kehutanan. Ruang Rimbawan I Manggala Wanabakti Jakarta, 20 September 2011

2 FUNDING PEMERINTAH SWASTA NASIONAL ASING (G to G, B to B) DISBURSEMENT HORISONTAL (SEKTORAL & STAKEHOLDERS) VERTIKAL (PUSAT & DAERAH) ALLOCATION LEAKAGES LINKAGES (BACKWARD & FORWARD LINKAGES, MULTIPLIER EFFECTS)

3 WAREHOUSE OUTLETS TRANSACTION PES (Payment for Environmental Services) CDM REDD agreements Goods & services PLR (Purchasing Landuse Right) DSN Marketed LR (Liability Rule) IUD regulations FOREST RESOURCES VALUATION GREEN TRADING MECHANISM ACTUAL GREEN BENEFITS

4 Ecology Economy Social Sustainable Development Sustainable Forest Management Scope of Fiscal Infrastructure Development indicators: GDP Disparity Linkages Multiplier Effects Fiscal Balance Accounting System Environment Management Fund Raising Mechanism Fund Distribution Mechanism Sectoral grouping of GDP s components Integrating Environmental values into GDP Payment for Environmental Services (PES) Purchasing Development Right (PDR) Provision on Liability Rule (LR) Funding Mechanism Direct Actors Institutions Influencing parties Results

5 PRASYARAT INFRASTRUKTUR FISKAL SFM & REDD: 1. PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN (disbursement) 2. NERACAPEMBANGUNAN 3. KEBIJAKAN FISKAL & MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN (payment & allocation)

6 UU 33/2004 PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN ANTARA PEMERINTAH PUSAT&DAERAH SUMBER PENERIMAAN DAERAH 1) PENDAPATAN DAERAH PAD DANA PERIMBANGAN LAIN2 PENDAPATAN 2) PEMBIAYAAN SISA LEBIH PERHITUNGAN ANGGARAN DAERAH PENERIMAAN PINJAMAN DAERAH DANA CADANGAN DAERAH HASIL PENJUALAN KEKAYAAN DAERAH YANG DIPISAHKAN

7 PAD BERSUMBER DARI: 1) PAJAK DAERAH 2) RETRIBUSI DAERAH 3) HASIL PENGELOLAAN KEKAYAAN DAERAH YANG DIPISAHKAN 4) LAIN2 PAD YANG SAH

8 DANA PERIMBANGAN TERDIRI ATAS: 1) DANA BAGI HASIL 2) DANA ALOKASI UMUM 3) DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS

9 DANA BAGI HASIL BERSUMBER DARI: 2) Dana Bagi Hasil dari pajak: a. PajakBumidan Bangunan(PBB); b. Bea PerolehanHakatasTanah danbangunan(bphtb); dan c. PajakPenghasilan(PPh) Pasal25 danpasal29. 3) Dana BagiHasildarisumberdayaalam: a. kehutanan; b. pertambangan umum; c. perikanan; d. pertambangan minyak bumi; e. pertambangan gas bumi; dan f. pertambangan panas bumi

10 DANA BAGI HASIL KEHUTANAN: 1) IHPH 20% PUSAT, 80% DAERAH (16% PROVINSI, 64% KAB/KOTA = 32% DIANTARANYA UNTUK KAB/KOTA PENGHASIL 2) PSDH IDEM 3) DR 60% PUSAT, 40% DAERAH (KAB/KOTA PENGHASIL)

11 LEAKAGES LINKAGES NILAI TAMBAH KETERKAITAN (FORWARD & BACKWARD LINKAGES) EFEK PENGGANDA (PENDAPATAN, OUTPUT, TENAGA KERJA)

12 PENYUSUNAN (PENYESUAIAN) KERANGKA KEBIJAKAN FISKAL SFM & REDD: PES(PAYMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES) LR(LIABILITY RULES), PPP (POLLUTERS PAY PRINCIPLE) PDR(PURCHASING DEVELOPMENT RIGHT)

13 Payment Environmental Services (PES): (a) a voluntary transaction where (b) a well-defined environmental service (c) is being bought by a service buyer (d) from a service provider (e) if and only if the service provider secures service provision Wunder(2005) in Engel et al. (2008) KEYWORD: ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

14 CONVERSION VALUE CONSERVATION VALUE CONSERVATION VALUE + PES Sources: Pagiola & Platais (2007): Engel et al. (2008)

15 Liability Rule related to the rule of payment by responsible party. This rule has been widely accepted and in industrial communities this concept are often called as polluter pays principle (PPP). KEYWORD: POLLUTER PAYS

16 Method of Protection of Entitlement Holder of Entitlement Plaintiff Defendant Property Rule [1] Injunction Against Pollution [3] Pollution Allowed, No Compensation Awarded Liability Rule [2] Pollution Allowed, Compensation Awarded to Plaintiff [4] Injunction Against Pollution, Compensation Awarded to Defendant CARBON OFFSET REDD Adapted from Krauss (1999)

17 PDR programs might be suggested when government (or other parties) alarmed at the loss of certain function of lands (forests, farms, etc.) and the government (or other parties) funded the acquisition and retirement of development rights in order to preserve those lands in perpetuity. Through PDR programs, the government (public, or other parties) provides a cash payment to a landowner for the value of the development rights associated with a land parcel. The owner still owns the land, but is compensated for relinquishing the right to develop it. Source: Stein et al. (2001) KEYWORD: DEVELOPMENT RIGHT

18 The cost for preservation, Development pressures on the land, Productivity for agricultural and other economic uses, The condition of the land in general, Environmental and cultural benefits of preservation, Proximity to other preserved lands, Amount and value of preserved lands Leverage of matching funds coming from other funding entities. Source: Stein et al. (2001)

19 1. KEMBALIKAN KE-HUTAN UNTUK MENJAMIN KEBERLANGSUNGAN FUNGSI EKOLOGIS 2. PEMBANGUNAN SEKTOR PEREKONOMIAN NON EKSPLOITATIF YANG DAPAT MENGKOMPENSASI NILAI TAMBAH, LINKAGES, DAN EFEK PENGGANDA(OUTPUT, INCOME, EMPLOYMENT) SETARA ATAU LEBIH BESAR DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN BAU.

20 TERIMA KASIH