Mencegah Plagiarisme. Adi Utarini

Transkripsi

1 Mencegah Plagiarisme Adi Utarini

2 Perjalanan panjang telah dimulai: Bismillah

3 Many people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character Albert Einstein

4 A naturalist s life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write Charles Darwin

5 Definisi research misconduct (Office of Research Integrity, US DHHS) Research misconduct means fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in: proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion.

6 Jenis Academic Misconduct Plagiarisme Kecurangan Kolusi Falsifikasi/fabrikasi Deceit

7 Definisi Plagiarisme Taking over the ideas, methods, or written words of another, without acknowledgment and with the intention that they be taken as the work of the deceiver (American Association of University Professors; 1989, cited from Roig M) Appropriating an idea (eg explanation, a theory, a conclusion, a hypothesis, a metaphod) in whole or in part, or with superficial modifications without giving credit to its originator

8 Definitions of Plagiarism The World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) defines plagiarism as: "the use of others' published and unpublished ideas or words (or other intellectual property) without attribution or permission, and presenting them as new and original rather than derived from an existing source." 9

9 Definitions of Plagiarism To plagiarize means to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own to use (another's production) without crediting the source to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. 10 Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

10 Plagiarisme..

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12 Perhatian terhadap Misconduct and Plagiarisme Chamon W, 2013, Editorial

13 Titus, et al. Nature 2008; 453:980. Surveyed 4,298 researchers, 2,212 responded (51%), primarily biomedical 8.7% 60% 36% 37% observed or had direct evidence of misconduct over the previous 3 years fabrication or falsification plagiarism were not reported Rank of those suspected Professor or senior scientist: 22% Associate professor 14% Assistant professor 17% Graduate student 14% (Guterman, 2006 Chronicle of Higher Education) 14

14 Types of RM Reported A. Gawrylewski (2009) The Scientist 23:67. 15

15 Who commits Research Misconduct? A. Gawrylewski (2009) The Scientist 23:67.

16 Why Does It Occur? Poor supervision Too much work Lack of time Lack of training Lack of interest Incentives Fame and fortune Prove a held theory Cut corners 17

17 Permendiknas 17 tahun 2010: Sangsi Teguran Peringatan tertulis Penundaan pemberian sebagian hak mahasiswa Pembatalan nilai mata kuliah Pemberhentian dengan hormat dari status sbg mahasiswa Pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat Pembatalan ijazah bila mhs telah lulus

18 Tanggungjawab Peneliti Mencegah research misconduct Menjamin integritas penelitian Melaporkan research misconduct Melaporkan yang bersikap menentang terhadap pelaporan research misconduct

19 Contoh: Original text: One of the most important issues that remain controversial is whether 6 months of treatment with regiments that include rifampicin can effectively and safely treat HIV-related tuberculosis (El-Sadr et al., 2001)

20 Contoh yang baik: Original text: One of the most important issues that remain controversial is whether 6 months of treatment with regiments that include rifampicin can effectively and safely treat HIV-related tuberculosis (El-Sadr et al., 2001) Parafrase There remains debate as to where HIV-related tuberculosis can be treated with short course regimens that include rifampicin (El- Sadr et al., 2001)

21 Contoh plagiarisme: Original text One of the most important issues that remain controversial is whether 6 months of treatment with regiments that include rifampicin can effectively and safey treat HIV-related tuberculosis (El-Sadr et al., 2001) Parafrase One of the most important issues that remain controversial is whether 6 months of treatment with regimens that include rifampicin can effectively treat HIV-related TB

22 27 Guidelines Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing (Roig M)

23 Key Guidelines (Roig M) G 1 Penulis yang etis selalu menyebutkan kontribusi penulis lain dan sumber ideidenya G2 Setiap teks yang digunakan persis seperti aslinya harus dicantumkan dalam kuotasi G 3 Kita harus selalu menuliskan setiap sumber referensi yang digunakan dalam tulisan, sekalipun telah diparafrase, sintesis, atau dicantumkan kuotasinya

24 Key Guidelines (Roig M) G 4 G 5 Ketika merangkum, kita menyingkat tulisan asli menjadi paragraf singkat atau satu kalimat menggunakan kalimat kita sendiri Kita harus selalu mencantumkan sumber informasi/referensi ketika melakukan parafrase atau merangkum G 6 Ketika melakukan parafrase/merangkum tulisan orang lain, maka kita harus menuliskan makna akurat yang dimaksud peneliti menggunakan kalimat kita sendiri. G 16 Penulis harus berusaha keras untuk memperoleh [membaca langsung] artikel aslinya

25 Revisi, revisi dan revisi

26 Ide brilian vs Ketekunan?