MANAJEMEN PROYEK PERANGKAT LUNAK (MPPL) Software Project Management. Pengantar MPPL

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1 MANAJEMEN PROYEK PERANGKAT LUNAK (MPPL) Software Project Management Pengantar MPPL

2 Tujuan perkuliahan Memahami pengertian umum tentang MPPL dan urgensinya dalam pengembangan PL Memahami karakteristik proyek PL Memahami kriteria sukses/gagal sebuah proyek PL Memahami problem-problem dalam proyek PL MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 2/23

3 Agenda Pengertian umum: proyek, manajemen dan PL Pengertian dan urgensi MPPL Perbedaan MPPL dengan proyek lain Pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders) Aktifitas dalam MPPL Kriteria kesuksesan dan kegagalan sebuah proyek PL Problem-problem di dalam proyek PL MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 3/23

4 Project is A specific, finite task to be accomplished A temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a unique purpose A specific plan or design A planned undertaking MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 4/23

5 Jobs vs. projects Jobs repetition of very well-defined and well understood tasks with very little uncertainty Exploration e.g. finding a cure for cancer: the outcome is very uncertain Projects in the middle! MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 5/23

6 Characteristics Terdiri dari non-routine tasks Ada perencanaan Ada tujuan yang spesifik yang harus dicapai atau ada produk yang spesifik yang harus dibuat Dibatasi oleh waktu dan sumber daya Pekerjaan yang dilakukan untuk melayani konsumen Melibatkan berbagai keahlian Melibatkan beberapa fase/tahapan pekerjaan Berukuran besar dan kompleks MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 6/23

Product Tools Methods Process Project MPPL -

7 Project dimensions People Process Product Project Business Environment People Management Structure Product Tools Methods Process Project MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 7/23

8 People faktor vital Relevant issues (partly) Personil yang lemah: motivasi,, skill Penambahan orang pada proyek yang terlambat Friksi antara developer dan konsumen Koordinasi dan komunikasi antar anggota tim Process Requirements volatility Domain permasalahan dan kebutuhan konsumen Perancangan yang tidak baik Proses review yang lemah MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 8/23

9 Relevant issues (partly) Product Requirements gold-plating Design gold-plating Research-oriented development Unjuk kerja yang rendah Project Perencanaan yang lemah Jadwal yang terlalu optimistik Manajemen resiko yang kurang memadai Manajemen kontrol yang kurang baik Manajemen perubahan yang kurang baik MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 9/23

10 What is management? Serangkaian aktifitas yang meliputi planning, organizing, staffing, directing, monitoring controlling, innovating dan representing untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 10/23

11 Management functions Planning - deciding what is to be done Organizing - making arrangements Staffing - selecting the right people for the job Directing - giving instructions Monitoring - checking on progress Controlling - taking action to remedy hold-ups Innovating - coming up with solutions when problems emerge Representing - liaising with clients, users, developers and other stakeholders MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 11/23

12 What is project management? The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet project requirements [PMI Project Management Institute] A system of management procedures, practices, technologies, skills and experience that are necessary to successfully manage a project MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 12/23

13 What is software? Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals. Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market. Software products may be: Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word. Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer according to their specification. New software can be created by developing new programs, configuring generic software systems or reusing existing software. MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 13/23

14 Software characteristics PL itu direkayasa, bukan difabrikasi/diproduksi PL tidak bisa diraba (intangible) PL tidak mengalami keausan Sebagian besar PL dikustomisasi (customized) Failure rate increased failure rate due to side effects change actual curve idealized curve Time MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 14/23

15 What is software project management? Concerned with activities involved in ensuring that software is delivered on time and on schedule and in accordance with the requirements of the organizations developing and procuring the software MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 15/23

16 SPM urgency Project management is needed because software development is always subject to budget and schedule constraints that are set by the organization developing the software MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 16/23

17 Software project charateristics Invisibility the product is intangible Complexity more complex than others Conformity to conform to the human client requirements Flexibility subject to change Many software projects are one-off projects Software processes are variable and organization specific The technology changes very quickly MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 17/23

18 What are stakeholders? Orang-orang yang berkepentingan dengan proyek Menentukan cara berkomunikasi Kategori: Internal dalam satu tim proyek (e.g. Project Manager, Analyst, Designer, Programmer, Configuration Manager, dll.) Eksternal dari tim proyek, tetapi dalam satu organisasi (e.g. Accountant, HR Manager, dll.) Eksternal, baik proyek dan organisasi (e.g. customer, end user) MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 18/23

19 SPM activities Feasibility study estimasi kelayakan proyek Planning perencanaan proyek, jika layak Execution - pelaksanaan proyek MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 19/23

20 Success criteria Delivering the software to customer at the agreed functionality to the required level of quality on time and within budget MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 20/23

21 Problems Planning for software projects is generally poor. Procedures and techniques for the selection of project managers are poor. The accountability of many software engineering projects is poor, leaving some questions as to who is responsible for various project functions. The ability to accurately estimate the resources required to accomplish a software project is poor. Success criteria for software development projects are frequently inappropriate unreliable, difficult to use, and difficult to maintain. MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 21/23

22 Problems Decision rules to aid in selecting the proper organizational structure are not available. Decision rules in selecting the correct management techniques are not available. Procedures, methods and techniques for designing a project control system that will enable project managers to successfully control their projects are not readily available. MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 22/23

23 Summary Proyek terdiri dari aktifitas-aktifitas non-rutin yang harus diatur Proyek PL bersifat intangible sehingga tidak mudah untuk memonitor kemajuan proyek Manajemen proyek PL yang baik akan menentukan keberhasilan proyek Keberhasilan proyek PL tidak hanya diukur dari jalan/tidaknya PL MPPL - Pengantar MPPL Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. 23/23

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