Evolusi International Health Law dan WHO

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1 Evolusi International Health Law dan WHO LYS Globalization dan tumbuhnya domain hukum internasional Meningkatnya integrasi global mengakibatkan peningkatan exponensial perkembangan public health law, mengingat hampirsemuahubungan h antar manusia mengakibatkan k hubungan kesehatan. Diseminasi worldwide ttg perkembangan IP dan teknologi telah mendorong terbentuknya Perjanjian Internasional dan aktifitas2 nasional dan internasional dalam hal keamanan bhn kimia, pestisida, makanan dan pembuangan limbah berbahaya. Penggunaan teknologi yg membahayakan bh lingkungan telah lh mendorong kodifikasi hk internasional utk mengatasi imbasnya, seperti climate change, land degradation, menipisnya ozon, dllo. 2 Law, WHO Bulletin

2 International legal scholars have traditionally compartmentalized and treated substantive subject matters such as human rights, environmental protection, health and arms control, as discrete, self-contained areas with limited connections. Scholars of international law have only recently identified and debated the relationship between different subjects of international law, such as trade and human rights, and human rights and environmental protection 3 As a consequence, health is emerging as a central issue of multilateralism. to address emerging opportunities for and threats to global health and improve the health status of poor states that have not benefited from globalization the so-called losers of globalization. The literature that analyses health and international health law as global l public goods testifies tifi to the significance ifi of the globalization of public health for future international cooperation, including conventional international law. 4 Law, WHO Bulletin

3 International law and international health development international health development in the twenty-first century will be likely to include the expanded use of international law. treaties can be useful for raising public awareness and stimulating international commitment and national action. mechanisms established in international agreements can include financial and technical assistance, information exchange, scientific research and surveillance, as well as treaty supervision and dispute resolution. 5 Global health governance and its limitations In recent years, the number of intergovernmental organizations and other actors in the domain of health and other fields of international relations has grown dramatically. These include the United Nations and its agencies, organs and other bodies, and international and regional organizations outside of the United Nation s system. intergovernmental organizations with lawmaking authority will provide an increasingly i important t mechanism through h which states can develop and implement public policy. 6 Law, WHO Bulletin

4 Institutional overload Belajar dari pesat namun carut-marutnya perkembangan hukum lingkungan internasional, yang kemudian ditandai dengan banyaknya treaty internasionali tanpa adasatubadan bd pun yang bertanggungjawab atas HLI. Kemudian, seiring dg waktu, dibentuklahworld Environment Organization. Namun, krn isu lingkungan internasional sudah terlalu banyak pd saat organisasi internasional tsb dibentuk, terjadilah institutional overload. Hl Hal ini kemudian digarisbawahi oleh lhpara ahli hukum kesehatan internasional untuk dihindari dan tidak diulang di bidang kesehatan masyarakat internasional. 7 Taking the agenda forward: WHO and international health law An international health law mandate for WHO: coordination and collective management involving coordination of the international health law enterprise, is essential for rational development and effective implementation of international health law policy effective collective management is also needed because the phenomenon of issue linkage in contemporary lawmaking could compound the problem of contradictory t international ti health law rules emanating from different organizations with overlapping legal authority 8 Law, WHO Bulletin

5 Peran WHO di IHL WHO can provide leadership and promote more coherent and effective development of international health law by serving as coordinator, catalyst and, where appropriate, platform for important international health agreements. Foster the development of a more effective, integrated and rational legal regime and, consequently, better collective management of global health concerns. cooperation by serving, where appropriate, as a platform for codification and implementation of agreements with important public health law implications 9 The FCTC : a new era in international health cooperation The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) merupakan treaty pertama yang dinegosiasikan dibawah WHO. Treaty ini diadopsi oleh the World Health Assembly pd tgl 21 May 2003 dan mulai berlaku tgl 27 February Treaty ini mjd treaty yg paling diterima spjg sejarah PBB dan sampai dg hr ini beranggotakan 167 pihak. The WHO FCTC dibuat sebagai response dari globalisasi epidemik tembakaudan merupakan treaty yg berdasarkan evidence, yg mengafirmasi bhw setiap orang berhak utk hidup dengan standar kesehatan yang tinggi. FCTC memberikan milestone untuk promosi public health dan menyediakan dimensi hukum baru untuk International Health Cooperation. 10 Law, WHO Bulletin

6 WHO s unconventional consideration of the role of international law and institutions in promoting public health policies suggests a revision and expansion of the organization s traditional scientific, technical approaches to public health and, perhaps, an evolution of its traditional culture. Governmental support of the mandate may also depend partly on assessment of WHO s organizational capacity: the institution s existing strengths and past successes in contributing to the management of global health law. 11 The end. 12 Law, WHO Bulletin