12. Wang, J.S., Chiu, K.H. (2004), Simultaneous extraction of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with a dithiocarbamate reagent followed by HPLC separation for

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1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Chwastowska, J., Skawara, W., Sterlinska, E., Pszonicki, L. (2005), Speciation of chromium in mineral water and salinas by solid-phase extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Talanta, 66, Shore, J. (1990), Colorant and Auxiliaries, Society of Dyers and Colourists, Vol.1, Manchester, England, 177, Trotman, E.H. (1970), Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile Fibre, 4 th Edition, Griffin & Co Ltd, The Commission of The European Communities (2002), Establishing the ecological criteria for the award of community eco-label to textile product and amending decision 1999/178/EC, Official Journal of European Communities, L 133, Ökotex Standard 100, General and special condition, International Association for Research and Testing in the Field of Textile Ecology, Zurich, Ökotex Standard 200, Testing Procedures, Edition 01, Zurich, Subramanian, K.S. (1988), Determination of chromium (III) and chromium(vi) by ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate-methyl isobuthyl ketone furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, J. Anal. Chem, 60, Tokalioglu, E., Kartal, S., Elci, L. (2000), Speciation and determination of heavy metals in lake waters by atomic absorption spectrometry after sorption on amberlite XAD-16 resin, Analytical Science, 16, Minami, T., Sohrin, Y., Ueda, J. (2005), Determination of chromium, copper and Lead in river water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation with terbium hydroxide, Analytical Science, 21, Zhang, Q., Minami, H., Inoue, S., Atsuya, I. (1999), Preconcentration by coprecipitation of chromium in natural waters with Pd/8-quinolinol/tannic acid complex and its direct determination by solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry, Analitical Chimica Acta, 401, Anthemidis, A.N., Zachariadis, G.A., Kougoulis, J.S., Stratis, J.A. (2002), Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of chromium(vi) by on-line preconcentration system using a PTFE packed coloumn, Talanta, 57,

2 12. Wang, J.S., Chiu, K.H. (2004), Simultaneous extraction of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with a dithiocarbamate reagent followed by HPLC separation for chromium speciation, Analytical Science, 20, Beaty, R.D., Kerber, J.D. (1993), Concept instrumentation and techniques in atomic absorption spectrometry, The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, USA. 14. ISO 105-EO4-1994, Colour Fastness to perspiration. 15. Zhang, Q., Minami, H., Inoue, S., Atsuya, I. (2001), Preconcentration by coprecipitation of arsenic and tin in natural water with a Ni-pyrrolidyne dithiocarbamate complex and their direct determination by solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, 370, Anthemidis, A.N., Zachariadis, G.A., Kougoulis, J.S., Stratis, J.A. (2002), On-line preconcentration and determination of copper, lead and chromium(vi) using anloaded polyurethane foam packed column by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in natural waters and biological samples, Talanta, 58, Dong,X., Nakaguchi, Y., Hiraki, K. (1998), Determination of chromium, iron, manganese and lead in human hair by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Analytical Science, 14, Hiraide, M., Hori, J. (1999), Enrichment of metal-apdc complexes on admicellecoated alumina for water analysis, Analytical Science, 15, Krishna, P.G., Gladis, J.M., Rambabu, U., Rao, T.P., Naidu, G.R.K. (2004), Talanta, 63, Soylak, M., Erdo, N.D., Elci, L. (2004), Membrane filtration of iron(iii), copper(ii) and lead(ii) ions as 1-(2-pyridilazo) 2-naphtol (PAN) for their preconcentration and atomic absorption determination, J. Chinese Chemical Society, 51,

3 Lampiran A. Data hasil percobaan pengaruh ph larutan terhadap pembentukan kompleks Cr-PDC No. ph Larutan Cr(VI) Absorban.detik 1 2 Rata-rata 1 1,02 0,016 0,024 0, ,03 0,173 0,161 0, ,07 0,325 0,331 0, ,99 0,440 0,451 0, ,17 0,354 0,373 0, ,20 0,184 0,184 0, ,95 0,042 0,037 0, ,17 0,028 0,030 0,029 30

4 Lampiran B Data hasil percobaan pengaruh jumlah larutan APDC yang ditambahkan No. Jumlah larutan APDC (3 g/l) Absorban.detik ( ml ) 1 2 Rata-rata 1 2 0,206-0, ,331 0,352 0, , , ,426 0,432 0, ,433 0,423 0,428 31

5 Lampiran C Data pembuatan kurva kalibrasi Cr(VI) No. Konsentrasi standar Cr(VI) (ppb) Absorban.detik , , , ,483 Keterangan Y=0,0127X r = 0,9626 Data hasil percobaan retensi kompleks Cr-PDC terhadap filter selulosa asetat Konsentrasi Cr awal Cr ditemukan Perolehan kembali ( µg/l) Absorban.detik Konsentrasi ( % ) ( µg/l) 50 0,494 38, ,491 38, ,506 39, ,507 39,84 80 Rata-rata 79 SD 2 Perhitungan : - % Perolehan kembali = ( Kons. Cr ditemukan Kons. Cr awal ) x 100 % = ( 38,90 ppb 50 ppb ) x 100 % = 78 % - Standar deviasi (SD) = (X i X rata-rata ) 2 /( n-1) = {(78-79) 2 + (77-79) 2 + (80-79) 2 + (80-79) 2 }/ 3 = 2 (pembulatan) 32

6 Lampiran D Data hasil percobaan pengaruh jumlah larutan Ni yang ditambahkan kedalam 100 ml larutan Cr(VI) 50 µg/l No. Penambahan larutan Ni (II) 1 g/l Absorban.detik ( ml ) 1 0 0, ,1 0, ,2 0, ,3 0, ,6 0,677 33

7 Lampiran E Data kurva kalibrasi larutan standar Cr(VI) No. Konsentrasi standar Cr(VI) Absorban.detik (ppb) 1 5 0, , , ,591 Keterangan Y=0,03012X r = 0,9974 Data hasil percobaan pengaruh konsentrasi larutan Cr(VI) No. Konsentrasi Cr ditemukan Perolehan larutan Cr(VI) ( µg/l) Absorban.detik Konsentrasi ( µg/l) kembali ( % ) 1 5 0,139 4, ,279 9, ,484 16, ,359 11, ,555 18, ,510 16,

8 Lampiran F Data kurva kalibrasi larutan standar Cr(VI) No. Konsentrasi standar Cr(VI) Absorban.detik (ppb) 1 1 0, , , ,142 Keterangan Y=0,0096X r = 0,9461 Data hasil percobaan pengaruh matriks contoh kain Konsentrasi Cr(VI) (µg/l) Faktor Prakonsentrasi ( P ) Kons. Cr(VI) teoritis Konsentrasi Cr(VI) ditemukan (µg/l) Perolehan kembali ( % ) (µg/l) , , ,50 95 Rata-rata 95 SD 1 Perhitungan % KV : % KV = (SD Hasil rata-rata) x 100 % = ( 1 95 ) x 100 % = 1,1 % 35

9 Lampiran G No. Data penentuan limit deteksi Absorban.detik Keterangan Blanko Std Cr(VI) 5 µg/l (A B ) 1 0,073 0,109 Perhitungan 2 0,068 0, ,067 0,114 LD = {[(A B ) rata-rata + 3 SD(A B )]/(A Std )} x [Std] 4 0, ,059 0, (0,0057) 6 0,058 LD = X 5 µg/l = 3,48 µg/l 7 0,059 0, , , ,054 Rata-rata 0,061 0,112 SD 0,

10 Lampiran H Data pembuatan kurva kalibrasi Cr(VI) No. Konsentrasi standar Cr(VI) Absorban.detik (ppb) 1 2 Rata-rata 1 2 0,124 0,177 0, ,334 0,433 0, ,457 0,420 0, ,605 0,617 0, ,803 0,820 0,811 Keterangan Y= 0,0832X r = 0,9932 Data hasil percobaan prakonsentrasi Cr(VI) dari contoh kain Contoh kain Absorban.detik 1 2 Ratarata Konsentrasi Cr(VI) (ppb) Kadar Cr(VI) dalam kain (mg/kg kain) Poliester komersial 0,000 0,000 0,000 ttd ttd T/C komersial 0,002-0,005-0,002 ttd ttd Kain katun celup/kuning ( pengenceran 10 X ) Kain katun celup/biru ( pengenceran 10 X) 0,432 0,458 0,445 5,35 2,65 0,434 0,464 0,449 5,40 2,70 37

11 SURAT PELIMPAHAN HAK CIPTA Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Tatang Wahyudi NIM : Menyatakan bahwa penulis tesis dengan judul : Prakonsentrasi Krom (VI) dari matriks tekstil dan penentuannya secara spektrometri serapan atom tungku karbon Dibawah bimbingan : Dr. Muhammad Bachri Amran Adalah benar-benar tesis tersebut hasil karya tulis berdasarkan data hasil eksperimen/perhitungan/permodelan penulis selama melakukan penelitian Pasca Sarjana di Program Studi Kimia ITB. Dengan ini penulis menyerahkan/melimpahkan Hak Cipta dari karya tulis tesis tersebut kepada Program Studi Kimia ITB. Bandung, September 2007 Tatang Wahyudi NIM