MATERI 9 ENDOCRYNOLOGY KEBUNTINGAN DAN KELAHIRAN

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1 MATERI 9 ENDOCRYNOLOGY KEBUNTINGAN DAN KELAHIRAN MK. ILMU REPRODUKSI LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB 1

2 SUB POKOK BAHASAN Hormon yang berperan dalam kebuntingan (Progesteron, estrogen, PGF2 alfa, Prolaktin ) Perubahan hormonal selama kebuntingan Perubahan hormonal menjelang dan selama kelahiran (meliputi progesteron, estrogen, pgf2 alfa dan oxitocin) Proses kelahiran LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB 2

3 Proses Implantasi Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 3

4 Hormon selama kebuntingan Mare Ewe Cow, Sow,Goat PLACENTA CORPUS LUTEUM Progesteron Progesteron PLASENTA UTERUS PREGNANCY Prolactin Untuk produksi susu Estrogen Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 4

5 Beberapa teori yang menginduksi Partus Volume uterus meningkat Hormon PGF2α Meningkat Hormon Progesteron Turun Hormon Estrogen Naik Miometrium semakin sensitif kontraksi Oxytosin diproduksi Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 5

6 Aktivasi fetus Fetus menghasilkan Corticosteroid menyebabkan turunnya progesteron peningkatan estrogen dan keluarnya PGF2α menyebabkan myometrium kontraksi Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 6

7 Perubahan saat bunting menyebabkan kelahiran Relaxed PREGNANCY Closed Myometrial Excitement PRE LABOR Cervical Ripening Contractile LABOR Dilatation Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 7

8 Tahapan Melahirkan : 1. Dilatation of Cervix Uterus mengalami kontraksi Periode : Dimulai dari kontraks uterus sampai uterus mengalami dilatasi, juga vagina. Induk ingin merebah, nafas frekuensi meningkat. Perubahan posisi fetus Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 8

9 2. Keluarnya fetus Uterus dan perut kontraksi keras. Periode : Servik membuka luas dan fetus bisa keluar. Induk merejan, Plasenta pecah, cairan keluar. Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 9

10 3. Keluarnya Plasenta Kontraksi uterus mulai menurun Keluarnya fetus diikuti plasenta Plasenta terlepas dari endometrium Keluar plasenta Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 10

11 Hormonal Control of Gestation Progesterone - Main Hormone -Causes uterine quiescence and histotroph production Sources of Progesterone During Gestation Gestation Sheep - CL to day 50 then placenta 148 days Can remove CL after day 50 and not cause abortion Cow - CL throughout. However, after 280 days ~ day 215 placenta and adrenal produce enough progesterone to maintain pregnancy Sow - All from CL 114 days Remove CL at LABORATORIUM any time REPRODUKSI causes TERNAK abortion 11 FAPET UB

12 Mare - 1st CL produces progesterone up to ~ 180 days, FSH stimulates follicles growth and ecg (PMSG) causes CL's to form from follicles. They secrete progesterone and are active from day Progesterone is low until 270 days - rises in last 5 months due probably to placental progesterone production. Gestation 337 days PMSG - Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin Now call ecg Origin is Endometrial cups Endometrial cups form from invasion of the chorionic girdle cells surround the spherical placenta of mare. These invade into the uterine endometrium on Days 30 to 35 of gestation LABORATORIUM to form REPRODUKSI the ulcer-like TERNAK cups. 12 FAPET UB

Hormonal Changes that Control Parturition Steps Fetal ACTH causes - Fetal Corticosteroids causes - Progesterone levels placental production or CL regression) - Production of Estrogens by placenta -

13 Hormonal Changes that Control Parturition Steps Fetal ACTH causes - Fetal Corticosteroids causes - Progesterone levels placental production or CL regression) - Production of Estrogens by placenta - PGF2 production by uterus - Pine-needle abortion in cattle - cause by a corticosteroid-like product Fetal anterior pituitary gland Adrenalcorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Infusion induces parturition Fetal Adrenal Corticosteroid Glucocorticoid Redrawn from Liggins, G.C In Foetal FAPET Autonomy UB Hypothalamus LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK Corticotropic Releasing Hormone CRF Time of parturition is controlled by maturation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis Removal Blocks Parturition Stimulates oxytocin receptor in myometrium Estrogen (Increase) Progesterone (Decrease) Prostaglandin F2 13 (Increase)

Hormonal changes cause: 1. Final maturation of fetus Cortisol - stimulates lung surfactant 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

14 Hormonal changes cause: 1. Final maturation of fetus Cortisol - stimulates lung surfactant Expansion of birth canal Maternal behavior Synthesis and ejection of milk Initiation of uterine contractions Termination of pregnancy Initiates parturition and lung development Fescue toxicity problems: Ergot causes inhibition of prolactin release and thus milk production LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB Prolactin completes final mammary development and milk secretion 14

15 Significance of initial hormonal changes Progesterone - removes block on uterine contractions. Allows myometrial muscle fibers to work together in bundles Estrogen - makes uterus more responsive to induction of contractions i.e., more irritable and smooth muscle tissue stimulation. Induction of oxytocin receptors Events just Prior to Parturition: 1. Pelvic ligaments soften - Tail head sinks due to estrogens and relaxin. 2. Cervix softens and begins secreting stringy mucus - estrogens and relaxin. Increased water content in cervical tissue and cervical plug is removed LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB 15

16 LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB 16

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