Challenges in Tsunami Evacuation. Harkunti P. Rahayu, PhD Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia Chair of WG3 ICG IO TWS

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Chair of WG3 ICG IO TWS International Confence - Reducing

1 Challenges in Tsunami Evacuation Harkunti P. Rahayu, PhD Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia Chair of WG3 ICG IO TWS International Confence - Reducing Tsuanmi Risk in The Western Indian Ocean, Muscat Oman, March 22-23, 2015

2 Lesson Learned from Indonesia Initiatives Science & Technology DRR Practice DRR Policy

3 Behavioral Science as Critical Issues: Challenges in Evacuation Planning Tested by: Real Natural Phenomena in 2009 in Padang and 2012 Banda Aceh Established 2008 Tested by: End-to-End Tsunami Exercise in 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2011

4 Ironic Panic shown by Banda Aceh people tried to go to safer place (kompas.com) very few going to Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Shelter

5 Critical Routes and Nodes during Tsunami Evacuation Route 1 TVES 1 TVES 4 Surabaya Junction: 4 hours traffic Jammed TVES 3 TVES 2 TVES 5

6 January 10, 2003 December 29, 2004 Densely population close to aqua culture area Change of coastal line

7 2014. Settlement growth since 2005 Community Vulnerability: Length of stay < 10 years Single story permanent houses Most houses constructed during constructed during recovery stage recovery stage Dominated by tenants

8 Community Response During Event 39% heard tsunami siren 59% immediately evacuated 31% delayed evacuation due to: saving family first, went to the beach to check tsunami phenomena 4 % stayed at home and 6% out of town Reasoning for evacuation: saving own life, following others, teacher s order Direction for evacuation: 67% to further inland, 6% to TVES, 1% back home, and 2% to relatives houses Reasoning not to evacuate to TVES: 22% too close to coastal line, 19% not trusting the strength of the building, 17% saw nobody went to TVES, 5 % far away from home, and 8% did not know TVES

Level of Preparedness 21% 6% 3% 2008 dan and 2009 2009 2008 Only saja 2008 2009 Only saja 2009 Participation in tsunami drill?

9 Level of Preparedness 21% 6% 3% 2008 dan and Only saja Only saja 2009 Participation in tsunami drill? Many have not participated in tsunami drill 70% Tidak None pernah Appreciation to tsunami drill? Very Useful Lack of socialization Need for routine tsunami drill Not useful Not known

10 Appreciation to Tsunami Signage Size too small Ukurannya terlalu kecil Lack socialization Kurang sosialisasi Need maintenance Lebih diperhatikan lagi kondisi fisik rambunya Limited Number Jumlahnya terlalu sedikit Never Tidak seeing pernah them melihat Unclear Arahnya direction kurang jelas Well prepared Sudah bagus No Tidak Comment ada tanggapan

11 Appreciation to Evacuation Route Lack socialization Kurang sosialisasi Need road maintenance Kondisi jalan kurang baik Well Prepared Sudah bagus Limited capacity of evacuation Jalurnya terlalu road jauh Banyak orang yang bingung ketika evakuasi Unclear direction Need for road widening Jalannya diperlebar Road geometry causing Banyak accidents kecelakaan saat during evakuasi evacuation Macet karena terlalu banyak yang evakuasi dengan kendaraan Traffic jam due to evacuation using cars Need increasing the number Jalannya diperbanyak of road Tidak ada tanggapan

12 Appreciation to TVES Tidak menjawab Tidak tahu TES tidak bisa menyelamatkan mobil dan motor Sering jadi tempat maksiat Seharusnya dibangun di dekat mesjid Dibuatkan kamar di TES Kapasitasnya terlalu kecil Harus ada pelatihan siaga rutin Banyak kerusakan, harus diperbaiki gedungnya Jumlah TES tidak perlu ditambah Jumlah TES perlu ditambah Letaknya terlalu jauh dari desa Terlalu dekat dengan laut Kurang yakin apakah bisa digunakan untuk mengungsi Berguna untuk evakuasi Kurang dimanfaatkan Tidak terawat

13 Prediction for Future Behavior in Evacuation 3% 1% 2% 10% Where to evacuate in the future? Tempat TVES Evakuasi Sementara Problem in Evacuation Bagian Behavior kota yang jauh dari no pantai influence of the Further Inland event to their evacuation preference in the future Bukit Hill yang lebih tinggi Rumah Own sendiri Houses 84% How to Evacuate in the future? Tidak Don t tahu known Need to Review the Evacuation Planning and Policy to accommodate current situation and needs Motor Bike Car On foot/ Run Others

14 Technical Guidelines for Tsunami Evacuation Planning 2013 and 2014 Collaboration ITB and BNPB: 1. Technical Guideline: Development of Tsunami Inundation Map 2. Technical Guideline: Development of Tsunami Risk Map 3. Technical Guideline: Evacuation Planning and Tsunami Signage 4. Technical Guideline: Planning and Design TVES 5. Technical Guideline: Structural Design Criteria for TVES Building 6. Technical Guideline: Structural Design Criteria for Artificial Hill

Evacuation Plan Spatial Based Evacuation Analysis: Behavior of people Traffic condition Capacity of Evacuation Route

15 Tsunami Inundation and Risk Map Evacuation Route Planning Data of Evacuation Shelter (Safe Zone) Data of Roads Network: Condition of existing roads Capacity of Road Information on Land Use Network Analysis (GIS Based) Evacuation Plan Spatial Based Evacuation Analysis: Behavior of people Traffic condition Capacity of Evacuation Route Estimated Time to Evacuate the all people at risk of certain region during the golden time If ETE > golden time need TVES Coastlines

16 Social Behavior Network for from Tsunami Logic Risk Model Perspective Communication

17 Social Network for Tsunami Risk Communication

18 Cluster A B C Number of TVES Needed by Communities TVES Need Analysis

19 Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Shelter 1. TVES Artificial Hill 2. TVES Building 3. Existing Tall Buildings designated for TVES 4. Fly Over 5. Japan: sub-structure evacuation shelter to anticipate aging factors

20 TVES Design T = Ti + Freeboard T = Ti + ( % Ti ) T = Height of TVES (m) Ti = Tsunami Inundation Height (m) Freeboard = 3 m + 30%Ti Evacuation Level Height of TVES 20

21 Design Aspect

22 Structural Design Criteria 1. Gravitation Load 2. Seismic Load 3. Wind Load 4. Tsunami Load Tsunami Loads Hydrodinamic Hydrostatic Buoyant Wave Force Uplift Damming of waterborne debris Gravitation Load due to Water Moment Impact from Debris

23 Planning and Design of TVES Natural hill in surrounding area Existing Building strength enough to be used as TVES ETE < (ETA TEW) no need for TVES ETE > (ETA TEW) need for TVES 1. TVES Single Purpose 2. TVES Multi Purpose 23

24 Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Shelter - Existing TES Deah Glumpang TES TDMRC TES Lambung Tsunami Museum TES Alue Deah Teungoh

25 Away from the Port Recommendation for additional TVES Away from gas station Close to people at risk & Accessible

26 Design and Planning for Tsunami Signage 1. Tsunami Evacuation Route 2. Tsunami Hazard Zone 3. Tsunami Safe Zone 4. Tsunami Evacuation Map Orientation for Evacuation 5. Historical Site for Tsunami

27 Tsunami Evacuation Route: Old and New

28 Tsunami Hazard and Safe Zone

29 Distribution of Tsunami Signage Location at Meuraksa - Banda Aceh Legend Road Jalan Arteri Jalan Kolektor Jalan Lokal Jalan lain Permukiman Km R1 R2 R1 R4 TES R2 R1 R2 R2 R4 TES R4 TES R2 R1 Rambu zona bahaya tsunami R2 Rambu peta orientasi evakuasi tsunami Rambu petunjuk arah evakuasi R4 Rambu tempat evakuasi /tempat aman

30 Terimakasih Harkunti P. Rahayu, PhD

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