I. MATERI : TENSES Tenses yaitu bentuk kata kerja Bahasa Inggris yang perubahannya berkaitan dengan waktu. Misal: Verb 1 (infinitive), Verb 2, dan Verb 3. Contoh penggunaan tenses : 1. Saya belajar di SMP (saat ini) 1. I study at SMP 2. Saya belajar di SD tiga tahun yang lalu 2. I studied at SD three years ago 3. Saya akan belajar di SMA tahun depan 3. I will study at SMA next year JENIS-JENIS TENSES Keseluruhan ada 16 bentuk tenses. Untuk tingkat SMP, jenis tenses dasar yang harus dikuasi adalah: A. Simple Present B. Simple Past C. Present Continuos D. Present Perfect E. Present Future A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (waktu kini / saat ini) Digunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang bersifat umum dan kebiasaan. Polanya : 1. S + V1 (s/es) Example : I like English, she likes English, they like English 2. S + to be + Complement. Example : I am fine, she is diligent, they are here. Keterangan Waktu dan Frekwensi: Every, usually, always, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, never. Catatan: Untuk pola 1 = Ada penambahan s/es pada V1 jika Subjek > he, she, it Untuk kalimat. Negative dan Tanya, kata kerja Bantu-nya (Aux.Verb): do / does ( I, you, we, they = do ) ( He, she, it = does ) Untuk pola 2 = to be (am, is, are) tergantung subject. ( I = am ) ( He, she, it = is ) ( You, we, they = are ) 1. (+) She plays badminton every Sunday (-) She does not play badminton every Sunday (?) Does she play badminton every Sunday?
2. (+) He is smart. (-) He is not smart (?) Is he smart? Sekarang, buat 3 contoh kalimat Simple Present Tense!!... B. SIMPLE PAST TENSE (waktu lampau) Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan di masa lampau/lalu. Polanya : 1. S + V2 I studied English yesterday 2. S + to be + Complement She was sick last night, they were here yesterday Keterangan Waktu: Yesterday, last ---, --- ago, in 1997, etc. Catatan: Pola 1. Pembentukan V2 : Untuk regular verb (teratur) >> tambahkan d/ed Untuk irregular verb (tdk teratur) >> lihat kamus (daftar Verb) Untuk kalimat. Negative dan Tanya, kata kerja bantu-nya (Aux. Verb) adalah: did Pola 2. To be (was, were) tergantung Subject >> I, he, she, it = was. >> You, we, they, jamak = were (+) She played badminton yesterday (-) She did not play badminton yesterday (?) Did she play badminton yesterday? (+) He was here last night (-) He was not here last night (?) Was he here last night? Sekarang buat 3 contoh kalimat Simple Past Tense!!
C. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (waktu sedang-sekarang) Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi (sekarang) Polanya : S + to be + V-ing > to be present: (is, am, are) Keterangan Waktu: Now, at present, at this moment (+) He is studying English now. (-) He is not studying English now (?) Is he studying English now? Catatan: Tidak semua kata kerja bisa diubah menjadi bentuk continuous. Misalnya: Verb be, believe, know, like, understand, want, see. Sekarang, buat 3 contoh kalimat Present Continouse Tense D. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (telah / sudah) Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah atau sudah selesai dilakukan. Polanya: 1. S + have/has + V3 I have worked for 1 hour 2. S + have/has + been + Complement I have been here for 1 hour Penggunaan have atau has tergantung pada Subject. I, you, we, they, jamak = have He, she, it = has Keterangan Waktu: since (sejak), for (selama), already/just now (baru saja) (+) She has worked at the bank for 4 years. (-) She has not worked at the bank for 4 years (?) Has she worked at the bank for 4 years? Catatan:
Jika negative, gunakan (has not / have not) : belum Jika ditambah ever : sudah pernah Jika ditambah never : belum pernah I have ever met him (saya sudah pernah bertemu dia) I have not met him (saya belum bertemu dia) I have never met him (saya belum pernah bertemu dia) Sekarang, buat 3 contoh kalimat Present Perfect Tense E. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE (akan, di masa mendatang) Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di masa mendatang. Polanya: 1. S + will + V1/inf 1. I will work tomorrow 2. S + will + be + Complement 2. I will be here tomorrow Pola Lain: kata will, diganti dengan > to be + going to to be (is,am,are) sesuaikan dengan Subject-nya Contoh: I will work tomorrow / I am going to work tomorrow She will work tomorrow / She is going to work tomorrow Keterangan Waktu, misalnya: tomorrow, next time, next week, tonight, coming holiday (+) she will write the letter tonight. (-) She will not write the letter tonight. (?) Will she write the letter tonight? Dalam kalimat pengandaian, present future berpasangan dengan simple present. Contoh: I will come if he invites me. Sekarang buat 3 contoh kalimat Present Future Tense!
CONTOH SOAL UJIAN 1. Dian Basuki is a piano player. He plays the piano very well. He many competitions in Indonesia since he was a primary school student. A. wins B. has won C. will won D. won PEMBAHASAN: Untuk melengkapi kalimat terakhir dari soal di atas, perhatikan keterangan waktu since (sejak). Berarti kalimat tersebut ber-tenses Present Perfect (telah/sudah). Pola Present Perfect : Subj + have/has + V3. Maka pilihan yang tepat adalah has won (telah memenangkan) JAWAB: B 2. Teacher : Who s absent today, children? Jihan : Umar, Sir. He s sick. His mother him to the clinic yesterday. Teacher : I see. A. will take B. has taken C. takes D. took PEMBAHASAN: Kalimat Jihan yang kedua, ada keterangan waktu yesterday. Berarti Kalimat Simple Past, menggunakan Verb 2. Pilihan yang menunjukkan pola simple past adalah pilihan D. MATERI: QUESTION WORDS Question Words (kata tanya) merupakan salah satu materi yang sering muncul dalam soal Ujian Nasional. Contoh beberapa Question Words: what : apa (benda; konkret/abstrak) who : siapa (subject/object) whom : siapa (object) whose : milik siapa where : dimana / kemana when : kapan which : yang mana (pilihan)
why : mengapa how : bagaimana (keadaan & cara) what else : apa lagi yang lainnya what kind of : apa jenisnya which one (s) : yang mana how many : berapa banyak (dapat dihitung) how much : berapa banyak (tak dapat dihitung) how much : berapa harganya how far : berapa jauh (jarak) how long : berapa lama (waktu) how old : berapa umurnya how tall : berapa tingginya how wide : berapa lebarnya CONTOH SOAL UJIAN ( QUESTION WORDS ) 1. Alice : Your country is really beautiful. Tina : Yeah, it is, but I bet your country is beautiful, too. I d like to visit you in Sydney. It s my dream. Alice : You can come any time you like. Tina : By the way, is Australia from here? Alice : It s about 20.000 kilometers. A. how long B. how far C. how high D. how old PEMBAHASAN: Berdasarkan jawaban Alice: It s about 20.000 km (sekitar 20.000 km), berarti Tina menanyakan jarak. Maka Question word yang tepat adalah how far (berapa jauh/jaraknya). JAWAB: B 2. Jihan : Whose guitar is that? Ario :, Han? Jihan : The new one on the table. Ario : Oh, it s mine. A. Which ones B. Which one
C. What guitar D. Where else PEMBAHASAN: Perhatikan ucapan Jihan: Whose guitar is that? (Milik siapa gitar itu?), menandakan bahwa gitar Cuma satu. Sedangkan maksud Han: Yang mana, Han? (Which one). Kata one menggantikan gitar (satu buah). Sedangkan ones (banyak/lebih dari satu buah). JAWAB: B