Oleh: Dimas Rahadian AM, S.TP. M.Sc Email: rahadiandimas@yahoo.com JURUSAN ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA
Integrated Palm Oil Process Chain Management UP-STREAM MID-STREAM DOWN-STREAM Oil Palm Seed Production Oil Palm Plantation Palm Oil Mill Palm Oil Refinery
PRINSIP PENGOLAHAN SAWIT Sterilisasi tandan buah segar (TBS) Pelepasan buah dari tandan Pengepresan buah untuk mendapatkan minyak Penjernihan minyak Pemisahan serat dan biji Pemecahan biji Pemisahan inti dan cangkang PRODUK CPO INTI SAWIT UTILITAS Penyediaan uap (steam) Pembangkitan listrik Pengolahan air Pengelalaan limbah
PEMANENAN...
PENGANGKUTAN...
PENERIMAAN BUAH...
LOADING RAMP...
PEREBUSAN / STERILISASI... Tujuan : Mesin : Enzim FFA Pelepasan buah Preparasi mesokarp Preconditioning kernel Horizontal vessels P 3 kg cm -2 ; T 143 0 C ; t under steam 60 min
...................... Gambar 3.1. Skema alat Sterilizer tipe horizontal a. pipa saluran uap masuk; b. Manometer; c. pintu masuk; d. pintu keluar; e. Lori; f. kran afblas
Tekanan steam (kg/cm2) Kurva Perebusan Tiga Puncak 3 2,8 45' 2,5 2,3 2,5 2 1,5 14' 12' 11' Steam 1 2' 2' 4' 0,5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Waktu (menit) Triple Peak Sterilization
PELEPASAN BUAH DARI TANDAN... Tempat masuknya tandan buah kelapa sawit dari feeder Shaking and beating (hentakan) buah lepas dari tandan Tromol pemipil Tempat pengeluaran tandan kosong Mesin: Drum horizontal Ø = 1,8 2 m; l = 3 5 m; rotasi = 20 25 rpm
PENGHANCURAN... Diges ter Tujuan : digest mesocarp s cells Reheat Loosen pericarp-nuts Mesin :Silinder vertikal Dilengkapi pisau pengaduk T 95 100 0 C; waktu operasi 20 min
PENGEPRESAN... Hasil pengepresan : minyak (66%) ; air (24%); padatan tersuspensi (10%) Sisa pengepresan : cake : serabut, biji
PENJERNIHAN MINYAK... MINYAK (66%), AIR (24%) DAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI (10%) Dilution with water Screening Settling Vacuum drying Cooling Storage OIL mc 0.1-0.2%; Impurities <0.02%
PEMURNIAN MINYAK MENTAH (Refining) Menghilangkan impurities yang tidak berguna, mempertahankan minor components yang berguna dan mendapatkan trigliserida sebanyak mungkin namun tetap ekonomis Degumming Netralisasi Bleaching Deodorisasi penghilangan gum penghilangan asam lemak bebas (FFA) penghilangan warna penghilangan bau
Steam 3kPa Steam 20kPa FLOWCHART PABRIK MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT PT. Letawa Ltd. Hoisting Crane (3 unit) KEBUN Transport Weigh Bridge Blowoff Silencer NOT USED Loading Ramp @ 12 doors Transfer Carriage (2 unit) Bollard Hanging bridge Main Steam Auxiliary Steam Depericarper Cyclone Sterilizer (4 unit) Condensat Deaerasi Exhaust Condensat Pit Lorry 105 unit Blowdown Chamber Dilution Pump Under Thresher Conv. Capstan Auto Feeder Thresher (3 unit) HEB Conv. IEB Conv. HEB Conv. Incinerator Sand Settling Sand Settling Fuel Dist. Conv. Steam Turbine 650 kw (3 unit) S. Rokan Raw Water Pump Water Clarifier Hydrant Deaerator Gravity Sand Filter Ke Concrete Bak Feed Water Pump Turbine Cooler Pump Shell Hopper Fiber Shell Conv. Water Tube Boiler 18t/h(Mechmar-2 unit); Boiler 20 t/h(atmindo-1 unit) Genset Back Pressure Vessel (BPV) 250 kw (2 unit) 150 kw (1 unit) Kernel Despatch Hopper Kernel Despatch Conveyor DESPATCH KERNEL Softener Domestic SWT Shell Conveyor ke Proses Kernel Disch. Conveyor Wet Kernel Conv. Shell Pump Kernel Distr. Conveyor KD. Fan 1.1 Kernel Drier No. 1 KD. Fan 1.2 ke Sterilizer KD. Fan 2.1 Kernel Desp. Elevator Wet Kernel Elevator Kernel Drier No. 2 Kernel Sorting Belt Conv. Winnowing Fan Storage Chain Conveyor Kernel Silo 1 Kernel Silo 2 Despatch Chain Conveyor Depericarper Fan LTDS 1 Fan Wet Shell Elevator LTDS 1 Cyclone LTDS 2 Fan Wet Shell Conv. Kernel Conv. Hidrosiklon Secondary Dep. Fan LTDS 2 Cyclone KD. Fan 2.2 Kernel Storage Elevator Kernel Pump Kernel Hopper Sec. Dep. Cyclone CM Polishing Drum Vacuum Pump Float Vacuum Drier Kernel Basculator Vibrating Grate Ke Hot Water Dry Oil Pump Oil Collecting Pump Nut Basculator Nut Hopper CM Elevator Oil Storage No.1 Collecting Ripple Mill CM Conveyor Polishing Drum Recycling Sludge Centrifuge (7 unit) Purifier (4 unit) Wet Oil Pump Oil Storage No.2 Incl. Nut Conveyor Sludge Basculator Oil Recycling Pump WetOil Sludge Pit Digester Screw Press Brush Strainer Clarifier Oil Despatch Pump DESPATCH CPO Oil Gutter Effluent Pump CO Pump Clarifier Mulching Distributing Conveyor Distributing Cake Breaker Conveyor Vibrating Screen (4 unit) Crude Oil Anaerobic Pond 1 Mixing Pond 1 Sludge Buffer Sludge Mixing Pond 2 Cooling Mixing Pond 1 Pond 3 Cooling Mixing Pond 2 Pond 4 Anaerobic Pond 2 Top Cross Conv. Anaerobic Pond 3 Anaerobic Pond 4 Sand Trap Contact Pond 1 Fruit Elevator Bottom Cross Conv. Sand Cyclone Sand Settling Sludge Desanding Pump Contact Pond 2 ke Land Aplikasi Aerobic Pond Copyright : Management Trainee Factory Assistant 2000
Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng... Keadaan ; bau dan rasa normal Kadar air maksimal 0,3 persen Kadar asam lemak bebas maksimal 0,3 persen sebagai asam laurat Kadar kotoran maksimal 0,05 persen. Bilangan peroksida maksimal 5 mg oks/gr sampel jumlah meq oksigen yang terdapat pada 100 g minyak. Bilangan penyabunan 255-265 Bilangan Iodium 8-10