Efficiency of Small- and Medium-sized Tofu Enterprises (SME) in Salatiga using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Tesis Oleh Purwanto 972010019 Magister Sistem Informasi Fakultas Teknologi Informasi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga Mei 2014
KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus dengan kasih sayang-nya sehingga tesis Efficiency of Small- and Medium-sized Tofu Enterprises (SME) in Salatiga using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dapat selesai dikerjakan. Secara khusus peneliti ingin menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada : 1. Bapak Dr. Dharmaputra Taludangga Palekahelu, M.Pd selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga. 2. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Eko Sediyono, M.Kom., selaku Ketua Program Studi Magister Sistem Informasi Fakultas Teknologi Informasi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga. 3. Bapak Prof. Ir. Danny Manongga, M.Sc., Ph.D. dan Ibu M. A. Ineke Pakereng, M.Kom. sebagai pembimbing. 4. Semua Dosen, Staff dan Karyawan Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, terimakasih atas bantuan dan kerjasamanya. 5. Semua Dosen, dan Staff Magister Sistem Informasi Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, terimakasih atas bantuan dan kerjasamanya. 6. Semua teman-teman angkatan 5 MSI FTI. 7. Istriku Tercinta Yohanna Dhuhitaningtyas Yuniwi Jaya, terimakasih untuk semuanya. 8. Ibu Lidya Sumiatun, Ibu Ngatini, Bapak Rukimin, terimakasih doanya. iv
9. Teman-Teman Prodi Komputerisasi Akuntansi, terimakasih atas dukungannya. Sebagai sebuah karya, tentu tidak ada yang sempurna. Untuk itu peneliti mohon saran dan kritik yang membangun, semoga tesis ini berguna bagi para pembaca. Salatiga Mei 2014 Purwanto v
DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul... i Halaman Pengesahan... ii Halaman Pernyataan... iii Kata Pengantar... iv Daftar Isi... vi Daftar Tabel... vii Daftar Gambar... vi Daftar Lampiran... ix ABSTRACT... 1 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW... 2 2.1. The Previous Studies... 2 2.2. The Definition of SME... 2 2.3. Performance and Efficiency Measurement... 2 2.4. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)... 3 2.5. Frontier Analyst... 4 3. THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... 4 3.1. Data Identification... 4 3.2. Data Processing and Analysis... 4 3.3. Data Collecting and Processing... 5 4. FINDINGS... 6 4.1. Data Analysis... 6 4.2. Improvement Scenario based on Efficiency score... 7 5. CONCLUSION... 9 6. REFERENCES... 9 7. Lampiran... 11 vi
DAFTAR TABEL Table 1. SME Income Criteria... 2 Table 2. The Number of Input and Output of each Tafu Enterprise in Salatiga in 2013 per day... 5 Table 3. Relative Productivity Value of each SME... 6 Table 4. Recommendation for Inefficient SMEs in Increasing Condition.... 7 Table 5. Recommendation for Inefficient SMEs in Decreasing Condition.... 8 Table 6. SME Peer Group... 9 vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR Figure 1: Overall Efficiency Graph... 6 Figure 2: Technical Efficiency Graph... 6 Figure 3: Scale Efficiency Graph... 6 Figure 4: The Graph of CRS Efficiency Distribution... 7 Figure 5: The Graph of VRS Efficiency Distribution... 7 Figure 6: SME Peer Group Graph... 9 viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1: Acceptance Letter... 11 Lampiran 2: Pengolahan Data... 12 ix
ABSTRACT The rise of US Dollars exchange rate to Rupiah in September 2013 has had an impact on all industries in Indonesia, especially tofu enterprises. The rising prices of raw materials require them to have an ability to survive and remain competitive. Productivity is one of the main indicators to estimate the ability to survive and compete. They have to be able to maximize the output utilizing the limited resources (input). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using Banxia Frontier Analysis 3 Software helps to evaluate relative productivity of several Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME). The samples of this research are 31 of 66 Tofu SMEs in Salatiga. Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) models oriented in the output were used in this research. The finding shows that 2 SMEs were efficient in overall, 4 SMEs were efficient in scale, 8 SMEs were technically efficient and 23 SMEs were inefficient. For those which are inefficient can refer to the efficient SMEs to improve their efficiency by lessening input factors and maximizing output factors. General Terms Computer Science Keywords SME, Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Frontier Analyst, Mathematic Programming, Operation Research. 1