Session: 2 REGIONAL WATER ASSESSMENT Sumatera August Restiawan
Water Availability VS Demand (Surface Water) Water Availability in Sumatra 485,732 571,703 840,737 Ketersediaan (Juta m3/tahun) Qrata Ketersediaan (Juta m3/tahun) Q80% Ketersediaan (Juta m3/tahun) Q90% Water Demand in Sumatra 73 Domestic, Urban, Industri (M3/Sec) 1,727 Irrigation (M3/Sec)
COUNTRY WATER ASSESSMENT NERACA AIR
WATER BALANCE OF RBT IN SUMATERA
WATER UTILIZATION INDEX (Q requirement : Q availability) Zona Kritis Ringan (WS. Seputih-Sekampung Zona Kritis Sedang (Ws Kepulauan Karimun, WS Kep. Lingga-Singkep, WS Kep. Batam-Bintan, dan WS Kep. Natuna- Anambas) Note : <25% = Tdk Kriis 25%-50% = Kritis Ringan 50%-100% = Kritis sedang >100% = Kritis berat
Water Availability VS Demand (Groundwater) Groundwater Condition in Sumatera 25.7 85.8 Potential (km3/year) Safe Yield (km3/year)
Water Uses and Demand Domestic Urban Demand (m3/s) 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00-2020 2030 2040 2050 South Sumatera Lampung Kep Riau Riau Jambi Bengkulu Kep Bangka Belitung W. Sumatera N.Sumatera NAD Urban & Rural Water Demand Domestic Rural Demand (m3/s) 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00-2020 2030 2040 2050 South Sumatera Lampung Kep Riau Riau Jambi Bengkulu Kep Bangka Belitung West Sumatera North Sumatera NAD Source : BPS 2013, dolah
Status Layanan PDAM di Sumatera (PDAM Service Status) 35,000 30,000 30,508 25,000 20,000 15,000 20,705 Installed capacity (l/sec) Production capacity (l/sec) 10,000 5,000 - Babel Bengkulu Jambi Kep Riau Lampung NAD Riau Sumbar Sumsel Sumut Total Sumatera 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 70.4% 83.5% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 38.4% 16.5% 51.7% 46.7% 32.0% 35.2% 61.6% 60.7% 55.1% 19.9% 55.6% 25.4% 15.5% 43.8% 29.4% 52.5% 41.8% 46.0% 34.0% 35.4% Coverage (%) NRW (%) Source : Laporan BPPSPAM, 2011, diolah Note : NRW = Non Revenu for Water Air yg tdk menjadi pendapatan/ kehilangan air)
Kebutuhan Lahan Sawah 2030 20,000,000 18,000,000 16,000,000 Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan GKP 18,5 jt 2,000,000 1,500,000 Kebutuhan Lahan sawah baru 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 9,2 jt 11,8 jt Kebutuhan GKP (Ton/Thn)) Produksi (TON) (1 x Tanam) Produksi (TON) (2 x Tanam) 1,000,000 500,000 Kebutuhan Sawah baru (Ha) (1 x Tanam) Kebutuhan Sawah baru (Ha) (2 x Tanam) 6,000,000-4,000,000 2,000,000 (500,000) - Babel Bengkulu Jambi Kep Riau Lampung NAD Riau Sumbar Sumsel Sumut Total Sumatera (1,000,000) Provinsi Jumlah Penduduk Kebutuhan per Kebutuhan Beras Kebutuhan GKP Sumber : Statistik Indonesia 2013, diolah Luas Sawah (Ha) Produksi (TON) Surplus/Defisit Kebutuhan Sawah baru (1 x Tanam) (2 x Tanam) (1 x Tanam) (2 x Tanam) (1 x Tanam) (2 x Tanam) kapita (kg/thn) Bangka Belitung 1,223,296 140 171,261 285,436 5,932 23,728 47,456 (261,708) (237,980) (65,427) (59,495) Bengkulu 1,715,518 140 240,173 400,288 90,217 360,868 721,736 (39,420) 321,448 (9,855) 80,362 Jambi 3,092,265 140 432,917 721,529 113,757 455,028 910,056 (266,501) 188,527 (66,625) 47,132 Kep Riau 1,679,163 140 235,083 391,805 393 1,572 3,144 (390,233) (388,661) (97,558) (97,165) Lampung 7,608,405 140 1,065,177 1,775,295 348,435 1,393,740 2,787,480 (381,555) 1,012,186 (95,389) 253,046 NAD 4,494,410 140 629,217 1,048,696 307,556 1,230,224 2,460,448 181,528 1,411,752 45,382 352,938 Riau 5,538,367 140 775,371 1,292,286 115,897 463,588 927,176 (828,698) (365,110) (207,174) (91,277) Sumatera Barat 4,846,909 140 678,567 1,130,945 231463 925,852 1,851,704 (205,093) 720,759 (51,273) 180,190 Sumatera Selatan 7,450,394 140 1,043,055 1,738,425 629355 2,517,420 5,034,840 778,995 3,296,415 194,749 824,104 Sumatera Utara 12,982,204 140 1,817,509 3,029,181 468442 1,873,768 3,747,536 (1,155,413) 718,355 (288,853) 179,589 Total Sumatera 50,630,931 7,088,330 11,813,884 2,311,447 9,245,788 18,491,576 (2,568,096) 6,677,692 (642,024) 1,669,423
Penyebaran Kelapa sawit di Sumatera Di Indonesia, penyebaran kelapa sawit terbesar ada di Sumatera (4.819.494 Ha), dan sebagian terletak di daerah lahan bergambut. Selain itu ada juga kecenderungan investor ingin mengembangkan kelapa sawit di daerah bergambut. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup menyarankan supaya pengembangan kelapa sawit diarahkan ke luar wilayah kubah gambut, karena wilayah tersebut mempunyai fungsi lindung, IPB (2012) Water Demand = Kelapa sawit Memiliki perakaran serabut yang tidak dapat menampung/menyimpan air di dalam tanah, memerlukan ± 15 liter air/hari/pokok tanaman Jika 1 Ha terdapat 158 pokok tanaman kelapa sawit PERLU air sebanyak 2.370 liter/hari (= 0,03 liter/detik)
Penyebaran Kelapa sawit di Sumatera
Luas hutan Indonesia 132,5 juta hektare (ha). Dari luas hutan tsb, 17 21 juta ha adalah hutan lahan gambut yang tersebar di 14 provinsi, di antaranya 7 juta ha di Papua, 4 juta ha di Riau, dan 3 juta ha di Kalimantan Tengah. Luas Lahan Gambut
Water Uses and Demand Water for Industry Sector % share in economy Number of plant Water demand Oil & gas 3.81% High Agro industry, Food & 7.49% 6000 Very high Beverages Textile 2.08% Very high Wood 1.43% Low Paper & Pulp 1.09% Very high Chemicals 2.9% High Steel 0.48% Medium Transport 6.17% Low Others 0.17% Total 26.38%
Water Quality
Water Hazards (Flood) NAD Sumut Potensi Rawan Banjir : Tinggi Sedang Rendah Aman
Water Hazards (Flood) West Sumatera Kep. Riau Sumatera Bag. Selatan Potensi Rawan Banjir : Tinggi Sedang Rendah Aman
Water Hazards (Drought) Low High
Water Hazards (Erosion) TINGKAT RESIKO : Rendah Sedang Tinggi Rendah Sedang Tinggi
Degradasi DAS (Lahan Kritis) Lahan Kritis di Sumatera(Rb hektar) 25,000 24,771 20,000 15,000 10,000 6,649 5,839 5,000-2,385 2,754 2,247 1,069 1,401 1,424 527 476 Aceh Sumut Sumbar Riau Kep. Riau Jambi SumSel Kep, BaBel Bengkulu Lampung Total Sumber : Kementerian Kehutanan, 2013
UPAYA PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AIR