TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL PAGE... DECLARATION... PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT.. TABLE OF CONTENTS.. LIST OF TABLES... LIST OF FIGURE. i ii iii iv v vi x xi LIST OF APPENDICES xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1 1.2 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS. 4 1.3 THE PURPOSES OF THE STUDY 4 1.4 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY.. 5 1.5 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5 1.6 TERMINOLOGY 6 1.6.1 PICTO-TEXTUAL GLOSSES... 6 1.6.2 VOCABULARY. 6 1.6.3 READING MOTIVATION 6 1.6.4 YOUNG LEARNERS 6 1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY.. 7 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW... 8 2.1 INTRODUCTION.... 8
2.2 VOCABULARY LEARNING.. 8 2.2.1 THE CONCEPT OF VOCABULARY.. 8 2.2.2 TEACHING VOCABULARY.. 11 2.2.3 VOCABULARY MASTERY.... 15 2.2.4 VOCABULARY MASTERY IMPROVEMENT. 17 2.3 PICTO-TEXTUAL GLOSSES IN VOCABULARY LEARNING 19 2.3.1ROLE OF PICTURE IN VOCABULARY LEARNING.. 19 2.3.2 PICTO-TEXTUAL GLOSSES IN READING TEXT.. 20 2.4 MOTIVATION IN EFL READING 24 2.5 YOUNG LEARNERS. 26 2.5.1 DEFINITIONS OF YOUNG LEARNERS.. 26 2.5.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG LEARNERS. 27 2.6 PREVIOUS RELATED STUDIES. 29 2.7 CONCLUDING REMARK. 32 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 33 3.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.. 33 3.2 RESEARCH METHOD.. 33 3.3 RESEARCH SETTING, POPULATION AND SAMPLE. 35 3.3.1 RESEARCH SETTING. 35 3.3.2 POPULATION. 35 3.3.3 SAMPLE.. 36 3.4 TEACHING PROCEDURES... 36 3.4.1 PRE ACTIVITIES.. 36 3.4.2 WHILST ACTIVITIES.. 37 3.4.3 POST ACTIVITIES... 39
3.5 DATA COLLECTION.... 41 3.5.1 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES... 41 3.5.1.1 TESTS.... 41 3.5.1.2 QUESTIONNAIRE 42 3.5.1.3 INTERVIEW.. 43 3.5.1.4 OBSERVATION 45 3.5.1.5 DOCUMENT REVIEW. 47 3.5.2 DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. 48 3.5.2.1 TESTS (PRETEST AND POSTTEST)... 49 3.5.2.2 QUESTIONNAIRE 50 3.5.2.3 INTERVIEW..... 52 3.5.2.4 OBSERVATION 52 3.5.2.5 DOCUMENT REVIEW. 54 3.6 CONCLUDING REMARK... 54 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS.. 55 4.1 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PICTO-TEXTUAL GLOSSES IMPLEMENTATION FOR STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY IMPROVEMENT... 55 4.1.1 THE DATA FROM THE VOCABULARY TEST RESULT..... 55 4.1.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE VOCABULARY TEST.... 57 4.1.3 THE PAIRED T-TEST ANALYSIS OF THE VOCABULARY TEST. 58 4.1.4 THE DATA FROM DOCUMENT REVIEW. 59 4.1.5 THE DATA FROM THE OBSERVATION... 61 4.2 THE INFLUENCE OF PICTO-TEXTUAL GLOSSES IMPLEMENTATION ON STUDENTS READING MOTIVATION. 64 4.2.1 THE DATA FROM THE READING MOTIVATION QUESTIONNAIRE RESULT. 64
4.2.2 THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF READING MOTIVATION QUESTIONNAIRE. 66 4.2.3 THE PAIRED T-TEST ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS READING MOTIVATION 67 4.2.4 THE DATA FROM THE INTERVIEWS... 68 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION... 79 5.1 INTRODUCTION 79 5.2 CONCLUSIONS.. 79 5.3 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY. 81 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY.. 82 REFERENCES 84 APPENDICES 94
List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 The Population of the Study. The Detail Schedule of the Interview... The Vocabulary Score Distribution of Experimental Group Statistical Analysis of the Vocabulary Test. Paired Sample Test of Experimental Group Vocabulary Test. Extremes Experimental Group Students Score Comparison The Result of Students Reading Motivation Questionnaire. Paired Sample Statistics of Students Reading Motivation Questionnaire... Paired Sample Test of Students Reading Motivation Questionnaire.. 35 45 56 57 58 60 65 66 67
List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 The Relationship of Vocabulary through Language Skills. One-group Pretest-Posttest Design. Example of Picto-Textual Glosses Text for the Treatment.. Example of Vocabulary Checked Exercise Example of Vocabulary Exercise MRP Reading Survey Scoring Sheet. The Amidon/Flanders Scheme for Coding Categories of Interaction in the Classroom The Percentage of Pretest and Posttest of Experimental Group 10 34 38 39 40 51 53 56
List of Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Appendix 11 Appendix 12 Appendix 13 Appendix 14 Appendix 15 Pre Vocabulary Test Pre Vocabulary Test Answer Keys Post Vocabulary Test Post Vocabulary Test Answer Keys Motivations to Read Profile Reading (MRP) Survey MRP Survey Scoring Sheet The Result of Students Pre and Post Vocabulary Test The Result of Students Pre and Post Reading Motivation Survey The Result of Students Daily Worksheet Interview Transcripts and Coding Observation Sheets (Field Notes) Picto-textual glosses texts (Experimental Group) Lesson Plan for Experimental Group SPSS Result for Vocabulary Test SPSS Result for Reading Motivation Survey