AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT (The Case of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in Academic Year 2013/2014) THESIS TRI SEPTIANA NINGSIH K2210081 Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University to fulfill One of the Requirements for Getting the Undergraduate Degree of Education ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2014 i
PRONOUNCEMENT The researcher would like to certify that the thesis entitled AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT (The Case of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in Academic Year 2013/2014) is really my own work. It is not plagiarism or made by others. Everything related to other works are written in quotation, the sources of which are listed on the bibliography. If then, this pronouncement proves wrong; I am ready to receive any academic punishment. Surakarta, 2014 Tri Septiana Ningsih ii
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ABSTRACT Tri Septiana Ningsih. K2210081, AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT (The Case of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in Academic Year 2013/2014). A thesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, 2014. The aims of this research are to answer the problem statements which are formulated as: (1) to find out the type of errors of a recount text made by the eighth grade students of SMP N 16 Surakarta; (2) to find out the highest percentage of type of the students errors in their writing of recount text; (3) to find out the causes of the students errors in their writing of recount text. This research is descriptive. To collect the data, the researcher uses an essay test in the form of recount text composition made by the eighth grade students. The sample of the research is 24 students of class VIII A of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta. The sampling technique applied in this research is purposive random sampling. To analyze the students errors, the researcher follows some steps which include the identification of error, the description of error and the explanation of error. The researcher uses surface strategy taxonomy to sort the type of errors yielded by the students from their recount text compositions. The results of this research are: (1) there are four types of errors yielded by the students which are addition error with the percentage of 14.34% or, omission error with the percentage of 29.81%, misformation error with the percentage of 55.10% and misordering error with the percentage of 0.75%; (2) the highest percentage of type of errors is misformation error with the percentage of 55.10%; (3) there are two causes of errors found from the students composition which are interlingual error with the percentage of 58.49% and intralingual error with the percentage of 41.51%. The results of this research are beneficial to the process of learning English. The results of this research give information about the ability of the students in making writing recount text and give information about the map of difficulties faced by the students in writing recount text. The errors which appear in this research could help the teacher to make teaching strategies in his teaching so that the students will not make the same errors. Keywords: Error Analysis, Surface Strategy Taxonomy, Recount Text v
ABSTRAK Tri Septiana Ningsih. K2210081, Analisis Kesalahan pada Karangan Recount Teks Siswa (Penelitian pada Siswa Kelas Delapan SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta). Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2014. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui jenis-jenis kesalahan karangan teks recount oleh siswa kelas delapan SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta; (2) mengetahui presentase tertinggi tipe kesalahan dari kesalahan siswa; (3) mengetahui penyebab-penyebab kesalahan dari kesalahan siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan tes essai dalam bentuk komposisi teks recount oleh siswa kelas delapan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 siswa kelas delapan SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive random sampling. Untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa, peneliti mengikuti beberapa langkah yang meliputi identifikasi kesalahan, pendeskrupsian kesalahan, dan penjelasan kesalahan. Peneliti menggunakan surface structure taxonomy untuk memilah tipe-tipe kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa dari komposis teks recount mereka. Hasil penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Terdapat empat tipe kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa diantara nya addition error dengan persentase 14.34%, omission error dengan persentase 29.81%, misformation error dengan persentase 55.11% dan misordering error dengan persentase 0.75%; (2) Persentase kesalahan tertinggi adalah misformation error dengan persentase 55.10%; (3) Terdapat dua penyebab kesalahan yang ditemukan dari karangan recount siswa yaitu kesalahan interlingual dengan persentase 58.49% dan kesalahan intralingual 41.51%. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat terhadap proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi tentang kemampuan siswa dalam menulis karangan teks recount dan memberikan informasi terhadap peta kesulitan tang dihadapi siswa dalam menulis recount text. Kesalahankesalahan yang muncul dalam penelitian ini dapat membantu guru untuk membuat strategi pembelajaran sehingga siswa tidak akan membuat kesalahan yang sama. Kata kunci: Analisis kesalahan, Surface Structure Taxonomy, Teks Recount. vi
MOTTO Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later (Og Mandino) We can only try and pray, the rest is God s job. Start you first step of thousand steps in your journey with Bismillah vii
DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to: Allah S.W.T the Almighty. My beloved parents, Mr. Suyatno and Mrs. Sumarti, my dearest sisters, Ika Rahmawati, and Dwi Susilowati thanks for your supports and cares. My lovely and best friends Yuni Arifiyani, Vinda Ryandani, Nina Setyowati, Nadiatul Azizah, Yulia Ainsani, Septian Tri and Rizqi Arum Prastuti. My lovely friends in Class B English Education Department 2010. All of my awesome friends in English Education Department 2010. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and above all, the writer praises Allah SWT for the blessing, mercy and love given to the writer, so the writer has finished the thesis entitled AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT (The Case of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in Academic Year 2013/2014). The writer realizes that the writer would not be able to complete the thesis without support, advice and guidance from many people. Therefore, the writer would like to express the sincerest gratitude to: 1. Prof. Dr. H.M. Furqon Hidayatulloh M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University; 2. Teguh Sarosa SS.,M.Hum, the Head of English Education Department; 3. Drs. Siswantoro, M.Hum as the first advisor who always gives guidance, excellent advice and idea to the writer; 4. Drs. Martono, M.A as the second advisor, who has carefully read and made several corrections for the improvement of this research and given valuable advice; 5. All of the lecturers and staffs of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University who have gave their contribution to the writer for completing this research; 6. Mr. Bambang W.K, S.Pd as the English teacher of the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta who has given permission to the researcher in order to collect the data of this research; 7. Her beloved parents, Mr. Suyatno and Mrs. Sumarti, her dearest sisters, Ika Rahmawati and Dwi Susilowati thanks for your loves, supports, and your cares. 8. Her best friends Yuni Arifiani, Vinda Ryandani, Nina Setyowati, Nadiatul Azizah, Yulia Ainsani, Septian Tri and Rizqi Arum Prastuti 9. All of her awesome friends in class B English Education Department 2010 who have shared the joy, spirit, sadness and happiness. ix
10. Anyone who always help and pray for her. The writer would like to express my sincerest gratitude to the readers for some critics and suggestions. Hopefully this thesis can give contributions to English Education. Surakarta, December 2014 The writer Tri Septiana Ningsih x
TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE... i PRONOUNCEMENT... ii THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS... iii LEGALIZATION OF THE EXAMINERS... iv ABSTARCT... v MOTTO... vii DEDICATION... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENT... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS... xi LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES... xiv LIST OF APPENDICES... xv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1 A. Background of the Study... 1 B. Limitation of the Study... 4 C. Problem Statements... 5 D. Objectives of the Study... 5 E. Benefits of the Study... 5 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW... 6 A. Second Language Acquisition... 6 B. Review on Error Analysis... 6 1. The Difference between Error and Mistake... 6 1.1 Errors... 7 1.2 Mistakes... 8 2. Definition of Error Analysis... 8 3. Classification of Error... 9 4. Causes of Error... 12 5. Significance of Error... 15 xi
C. Review on Writing... 16 1. The Nature of Writing... 16 2. The Purpose of Writing... 17 3. The Kinds of Writing... 17 4. The Process of Writing... 18 D. Review on Recount Text... 20 1. Definition of Recount Text... 20 2. Generic Structure of Recount Text... 21 3. Grammatical Features of Recount Text... 21 4. The Example of Recount Text... 21 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD... 23 A. Research Method... 23 B. Population, Sample, and Sampling... 23 C. The Technique of Collecting Data... 24 D. The Technique of Analyzing Data... 24 CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION... 27 A. Description of the Data... 27 B. Findings... 27 C. Discussion... 29 1. Type of Error... 29 a. Addition Error... 29 b. Omission Error... 32 c. Misformation Error... 36 d. Misordering Error... 42 2. Source of Error... 42 a. Interlingual Error... 42 b. Intralingual Error... 46 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION... 50 A. Conclusion... 50 B. Implication... 51 C. Suggestion... 51 xii
BIBLIOGRAPHY... 53 APPENDICES... 55 xiii
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 2.1 Linear Process... 20 Figure 2.2 Wheel Process... 20 Figure 2.3 Recount Text Example... 22 Table 4.1 The Frequency of Errors and Mistakes... 28 Table 4.2 The Frequency of Type of Error... 29 Table 4.3 The Frequency of Source of Error... 30 Table 4.4 Category of Addition Error... 30 Table 4.5 Addition Error of To Be (Copula Verb)... 31 Table 4.6 Addition Error of Preposition... 32 Table 4.7 Category of Omission Error... 34 Table 4.8 Omission Error of Preposition... 34 Table 4.9 Omission Error of Inflectional Morpheme -s- as possessive marker 35 Table 4.10 Category of Misformation Error... 38 Table 4.11 Misformation Error of Past Tense... 39 Table 4.12 Misformation Error of Word Choice... 40 Table 4.13 Category of Misordering Error... 44 Table 4.14 Interlingual Error... 45 Table 4.15 Intralingual Error... 48 xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 List of Students Joining the Test... 55 Appendix 2 Codes of the Students Errors... 56 Appendix 3 Text of Student 01... 58 Appendix 4 Text of Student 03... 59 Appendix 6 Text of Student 06... 60 Appendix 7 Text of Student 07... 61 Appendix 8 Text of Student 08... 62 Appendix 9 Text of Student 10... 63 Appendix 10 Text of Student 11... 64 Appendix 11 Text of Student 13... 65 Appendix 12 Text of Student 16... 66 Appendix 13 Text of Student 19... 67 Appendix 14 Text of Student 22... 68 Appendix 15 Text of Student 23... 69 Appendix 16 Error Analysis of Student 01 s Text... 70 Appendix 17 Error Analysis of Student 03 s Text... 71 Appendix 18 Error Analysis of Student 06 s Text... 72 Appendix 19 Error Analysis of Student 07 s Text... 73 Appendix 20 Error Analysis of Student 08 s Text... 76 Appendix 21 Error Analysis of Student 10 s Text... 78 Appendix 22 Error Analysis of Student 11 s Text... 79 Appendix 23 Error Analysis of Student 13 s Text... 80 Appendix 24 Error Analysis of Student 16 s Text... 82 Appendix 25 Error Analysis of Student 19 s Text... 83 Appendix 26 Error Analysis of Student 22 s Text... 86 Appendix 27 Error Analysis of Student 23 s Text... 88 xv