Antung Deddy R. Asisten Deputy for Lake and River Degradation Control MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Presented in Workshop on Options for Carbon Financing to Support Peatland Management, 4-6 October 2010, Hotel Pangeran Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
OUTLINE BACKGROUND OF THE WORKSHOP PEATLAND AS A SOURCE OF GREENHOUSE GASES IMPORTANCE OF GREENHOUSES GASES METHODOLOGY TO SUPORT THE INDONESIAN CLIMATE CHANGE SECTORAL ROAD MAP TOPICS AND OUTPUT OF THE WORKSHOP REFERENCES
BACKGROUND The function of ministry of environment to conduct ghg innventory base on act of environment protection and management Many research which had been conducted by university or institution in various method
PEATLAND AS A SOURCE OF THE GREEN HOUSE GASES Peatland influences global environment balance of GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O), particularly CO2 In natural condition : peatland play role as carbon (CO2) sink Peatland store 30 % of total land carbon (global) Carbon emission from Peatland in SE Asia : 350 million ton produced by drainage activities
IMPORTANCE OF GREENHOUSES GASES METHODOLOGY - 1 Different GHG emission in peatland caused by: 1. Peat Characteristics: Various forest zone Various land uses Various development pattern Various peatland characteristics 2. Various measurement techniques and calculation methods
IMPORTANCE OF GREENHOUSES GASES METHODOLOGY - 2 Need of GHG Methodology for : 1. Standardized methodology of GHG calculation for MRV (Measurable, Reportable, Verifiable) 2. Address carbon financing options under REDD a. Determine Baseline as the sum of carbon stock changes that would occur within the boundary of the project area in the absence of the proposed REDD/CDM project activity Continue...
b. Determine Reference Emissions Level (REL) as the amount of gross emissions from a geographical area estimated within a reference time period (REDD) c. Determine Reference Level (RL) as the amount of net/gross emissions and removals from a geographical area estimated within a reference time period (REDD-plus)
TOPICS & OUTPUTS OF THE WORKSHOP - 1 Methodology of GHG emission calculation from degraded peatland Output: The biggest Carbon stock in peatland is in peat itself, followed by plant tissue and litter. Each carbon stock may increase or decrease depends on natural factor and human factor. Maximum Carbon content in peatland is about 58%, if there is no mineral soil Total Carbon (C)/ha maximum in peatland is 10 3 x 10 3 x 2 x 0.1 x 0.58 kg = 116.000 kg or 116 ton (thickness = 20cm)
TOPICS & OUTPUTS OF THE WORKSHOP -2 Methodology of GHG emission calculation from agricultural peatland Output: 4 methods that may be done 1. Measurement of Changes in carbon stocks Advantages: Reflecting the influence of long-term management of peat, Reflects carbon status at the time of measurement Weaknesses: Requires intensive repeated measurements (once at 5 years or less) stocks lost ground C was assumed to be CO2 Continue...
2. Measurement of emission / flux Advantages: Distinguish CO2, CH4, and N2O Weaknesses: Requires intensive measurement due to daily variations, seasonal, and spatial 3. Measurement of subsidence Advantages: Relatively easy to apply Weaknesses: Accuracy is highly dependent on the ratio of peat decomposition and compaction 4. Empirical formula Advantages: easy to apply Weaknesses: low accuracy, generalization of various soil properties and the influence of management is very high
TOPICS & OUTPUTS OF THE WORKSHOP -3 Methodology of GHG emission calculation from burned peatland Output: Calculation of C emission from peatland fire consist of : Emission from above ground fuel Emission from under ground fuel Emission ratio, burning fraction and fire severity need to be considered in Carbon and other GHG emission calculation from peatland fire
RECOMMENDATION OF THE WORKSHOP VARIOUS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND METHOF OF CALCULATION S RESULTING VARIOUS VALUE OF GHG THEREFORE INDONESIAN AS A LARGEST PEATLAND SHOULD HAVE THE APLICABLE STANDARDIZED METHODOLOGY FOR GHG AND SHOULD BE MEASURABLE, REPORTABLE, VERIFIABLE
References Agus, F. 2010. Guidelines for Carbon Stock Measurement Methods in Peatland. Agency for Research and Development of Agricultural Land Resources, Ministry of Agriculture. Dewi, S. and M. van Noordwijk. 2009. National-Sub National Carbon Calculation and Climate Change Mitigation. A paper presented in Technology Exhibition. Forestry Research and Development Agency. Ministry of Forestry. Jakarta, 19 November 2009. Maas, A. 2009. Methodology of GHG emission measurement in degraded peatland. A paper presented in Workshop on Formulation of Calculation Methodology for GHG Emission in Peatland, Ministry of Environment Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 4 May 2010. Syaufina, L. 2009. Methodology of GHG emission measurement in peatland due to fire. A paper presented in Workshop on Formulation of Calculation Methodology for GHG Emission in Peatland, Ministry of Environment Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 4 May 2010. Ministry of Environment of Republic of Indonesia. 2009. Peatland Ecosystem Profile in Indonesia.
Thank you
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN GAMBUT 1. Pengisian daerah genangan oleh vegetasi 2. Pembentukan gambut topogen 3. Pembentukan gambut ombrogen memebentuk kubah gambut Sumber: Dimodifikasi dari Agus, F. dan I.G.M. Subiksa, 2008 Ekosistem Gambut 15
Ilustrasi delineasi kesatuan hidrologis dan kubah gambut Citra Landsat TM Citra dan LS Citra, LS, Sungai Dataran rendah dan pasang surut SL : GBT Sungai dan laut di daerah gambut akan menentukan batas KHG Terbentuk KHG dan KG Sistem lahan, sungai, peta tanah gambut WI
Emission in 2000 was 1.415,992 Mt CO2e 58% from LULUCF (including 12% from burned peatland) (SNC roadmap) (Dewi and van Noordwijk, 2009)
Tindaklanjut Hasil COP15 1. Harus segera ada persetujuan dari sektor terhadap kegiatan mitigasi yang akan masuk dalam daftar NAMAs. Khususnya bagi Indonesia terkait rencana reduksi emisi 26% s/d 41% pada tahun 2020 2. Sesuai dengan UU 32/2009 KLH melakukan inventarisasi GRK, saat ini sedang dalam proses penyiapan sistem inventarisasi gas rumah kaca nasional, sebagai perangkat pemantauan pencapaian aksi mitigasi nasional 3. Segera ditetapkan mekanisme pelaksanaan MRV aksi mitigasi 4. Mempersiapkan posisi Indonesia yang terkait dengan Financial mechanism, capacity building, teknologi transfer, share vision, mekanisme penggunaan positif insentif dari REDD, tata laksana Measurable Reportable and Verifiable (MRV), Nasional Communication untuk negara berkembang