An Introduction to Information Systems. Chapter 1

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1 An Introduction to Information Systems Chapter 1 1

2 Principles and Learning Objectives The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization s goals. Nilai (manfaat) informasi yang dipakai secara langsung untuk membantu para pengambil keputusan (manajer) dalam mengambil keputusan sesuai dengan tujuan perusahaan.) 2

3 Principles and Learning Objectives Models, computers, and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business. (keterkaitan antara Model, PC & Sistem Informasi secara terintegrasi yang memungkinkan suatu organisasi dalam mengembangkan serta mengendalikan bisnisnya) 3

4 Principles and Learning Objectives Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life. Seberapa besar pengaruh SI dalam mempengaruhi karier kerja, tujuan organisasi & kemasyarakatan dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup 4

5 Principles and Learning Objectives System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together to build a successful information system. Antara Pengguna Sistem (Operator, Pelaksana), Pengambil Keputusan (Manajerial) & Orang IT (EDP) harus berkolaborasi terpadu untuk meningkatkan daya guna dari SI. 5

6 Information Concepts 6

7 Information System A set of interrelated components (hubungan antar bagian) that collect (mengumpulkan/input), manipulate (mengolah/proses), and disseminate data and information (keluaran/output), and provide feedback (umpan balik) to meet an objective (sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi) Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems (tiket pesawat terbang), course reservation systems (manajemen kursus) 7

8 Data vs. Information Data: raw facts (raw=mentah, fact=fakta, kenyataan secara fisik, mikro atau makro) Information: collection of facts (kumpulan fakta) organized in such a way that they have value (mempunyai nilai manfaat) beyond the facts themselves 8

9 Informasi (Jogiyanto) 9

10 Types of Data 10

11 Data vs. Information 11

12 The Characteristics of Valuable Information 12

13 The Characteristics of Valuable Information 13

14 The Characteristics of Valuable Information 14

15 Kualitas Informasi (Jogiyanto) 15

16 Kualitas Informasi (Jogiyanto) 16

17 System and Modeling Concepts 17

18 System A set (kumpulan) of elements or components that interact (berinteraksi) to accomplish goals (tujuan tertentu) Input (masukan, data, bahan, yang akan diproses) Processing mechanism (proses pengolahan data, manipulasi i data) Feedback (umpan balik, kontrol proses, masukan dari keluaran sebelumnya) Output (keluaran, informasi, hasil proses, bahan untuk diolah dalam proses yg lain) System boundary (batasan sistem, lingkungan sistem) 18

19 Sistem (Jogiyanto) 19

20 Components of a System 20

21 Karakteristik Sistem (Jogiyanto) 21

22 Komponen Sistem (Jogiyanto) 22

23 System and Modeling Concepts 23

24 System Performance and Standards Efficiency: output/input (efisiensi meningkat dibanding tanpa konsep sistem) Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals (tujuan organisasi semakin bisa diwujudkan lebih cepat) Performance standard: specific objective of a system (pencapaian target atas perencanaan awal) 24

25 Systems Classification 25

26 System Performance and Standards 26

27 Modeling a System 27

28 Modeling a System A model is an abstraction that is used to represent reality 4 major types of models A narrative model is based on words (lisan) Logical, not physical A physical model is tangible (berwujud fisik) A schematic model is a graphic representation (visualisasi bentuk scr grafis/picture) Graphs and charts A mathematical model is an arithmetic representation (menggunakan fungsi atau persamaan matematik, rumus) 28

29 What Is An Information System? 29

30 Components of an Information System 30

31 Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) 31

32 Components of a Computer Based Information System 32

33 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet 33

34 Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet 34

35 Business Information Systems 35

36 Business Information Systems Electronic Commerce (transaksi perdagangan berbasis internet/elektronik) Transaction Processing Systems (sistem pengolah data transaksi, mis. Kasir, apotik, dll) Management Information Systems (mengelola & mengatur serta mendayagunakan sistem informasi untuk pencapaian tujuan organisasi) Decision Support Systems (sistem pendukung keputusan, sistem pengambilan keputusan) 36

37 E-Commerce Business-to-business (B2B, antara sesama pelaku bisnis, mis. DepStore dengan Pemasok) Business-to-consumer (B2C, antara konsumen dengan penjual/perusahaan) Business-to-government (B2G, antara pelaku bisnis dg pemerintah, mis. Pajak, Ijin usaha, dll) Government-to-consumer (G2C, antara pemerintah dg masyarakat, mis. KTP, layanan publik, lembaga swadaya, dll) 37

38 Electronic Commerce 38

39 Transaction Processing Systems A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions. Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations 39

40 Payroll Transaction Processing System 40

41 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Integrated programs that can manage a company s entire set of business operations (sistem aplikasi terpadu untuk mengelola operasional perusahaan) Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and ordering (koordinasi perencanaan, kendali persediaan, produksi & pemesanan) 41

42 Management Information Systems (MIS) Routine information for routine decisions (mengelola informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan) Operational efficiency (efisiensi operasional, finansial, SDM & proses) Use transaction data as main input (inputnya adalah transaksi antara pembeli dg perusahaan Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas (penggunaan basis data untuk menyimpan informasi pasca transaksi 42

43 Management Information Systems (MIS) 43

44 MIS Outputs Scheduled reports (Laporan harian, bulanan, tahunan) Demand reports (laporan sesuai kriteria tertentu, misal. Khusus item produk tertentu) Exception reports (laporan dengan pengecualian tertentu, mis. laporan penjualan kecuali hari libur kerja) 44

45 Decision Support Systems (DSS) DSS- A decision support system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. (mendukung pengambilan keputusan) 45

46 Essential DSS Elements 46

47 Special-Purpose Business Information Systems Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems Virtual Reality Systems Expert Systems Other Special-Purpose Business Information Systems 47

48 The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence 48

49 Virtual Reality 49

50 Data Glove 50

51 Systems Development 51

52 Why Learn About Information Systems? Kenapa perlu mempelajari Sistem Informasi? Advance in your career (kemajuan karier) Solve problems (solusi atas suatu masalah, alat bantu dalam menyelesaikan masalah) Realize opportunities (mewujudkan peluang atau yg sebelumnya masih kemungkinan dg SI memungkinkan diwujudkan) Meet your career goals (mewujudkan tujuan karier atau cita-cita/harapan yg lebih baik) 52

53 Computer and Information System Literacy Computer literacy (penguasaan komputer)- knowledge of computer systems and equipment Information system literacy (penguasaan Sistem Informasi) - knowledge of how data and information are used 53

54 Information Systems in Functional Areas of Business Finance and Accounting Sales and Marketing Manufacturing 54

55 Information Systems in Industry Investment firms Banks Publishing companies Healthcare organizations Management consulting firms 55

56 Summary Data - raw facts Information - data transformed into a meaningful form System - set of elements that interact to accomplish a goal Systems development - creating or modifying existing business systems 56

dokumen-dokumen yang mirip

Sistem Informasi

Sistem informasi bisnis diintegrasikan dalam satu produk dan dapat disajikan dalam software packet yang sama. Systems from a functional perspective Sales and marketing systems Manufacturing and production