COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE DIALOGUES IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH COMPETENCIES FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE X BY USWATUN HIDAYAH NIM

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1 COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE DIALOGUES IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH COMPETENCIES FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE X BY USWATUN HIDAYAH NIM ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013

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3 COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE DIALOGUES IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH COMPETENCIES FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE X SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education By: Uswatun Hidayah NIM ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013

4 MOTTO AND DEDICATION MOTTO: Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. (Mahatma Gandhi) DEDICATION: I dedicate this research to: My beloved parents My beloved brothers My beloved best friend

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7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah, the writer says thank to Allah SWT for the entire blessing and mercy so that she can finish her study in the English Education Department of Muria Kudus University and accomplish this research entitled Cooperative Principle in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. The writer realizes that she would not be able to complete this research without the kind support and help from many people around her. Therefore, the writer would like to extend her sincere thanks to all of them. They are: 1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. 2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. 3. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd, the first advisor who has given his worthy guidance, correction and suggestion for making this research better. 4. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd, the second advisor who always gives idea and suggestions to the writer for the improvement of this research. 5. The lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University who have taught the writer from the first semester until the end of the study. 6. The Writer s beloved parents (Sutiyono, and Musti ah) for their everlasting love, support, and pray in her life so that she can finish this research.

8 7. The writer s beloved brothers (Budi Rifana, Sholikhul Muchid, Mustaqim, and M. Abd. Kholiq) who give cheerful life for her. 8. All dearest best friends (Asih, Tri Setyaningsih, Astika, Risma, Ririn, Uma, Ani, Toni, Anton, Huda, Shofa) for their support and help in finishing this research. 9. All the writer s friends of the year 2009, who have been the best friends during the study. No body s perfect in this world so the writer realizes that there are many mistakes in writing this research. Therefore, suggestion from the readers will be appreciated. Furthermore, the writer expects that this research will be useful especially for those in the field of English teaching and learning. Kudus, September 2013 Uswatun Hidayah

9 ABSTRACT Hidayah, Uswatun Cooperative Principle in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. Skripsi. English Education Department Teacher Training And Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor: (1) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd, (2) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd Key words: Cooperative Principle, Maxim, Speaker Meaning. Theoretically, in communication, people should apply the cooperative principle that consists of four maxims of conversation. They are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. According to Grice in Yule (1996:37), since the utterance given naturally, people tend to not follow the rules of four maxims or flout the maxims. People mostly have intention meaning behind of flouting the maxims. The Developing English Competencies for Grade X is a textbook that presents many dialogues set in natural language and in the authentic situations and sometimes it did not follow the maxims of cooperative principle. This research aims to know the kinds of maxim, the kinds of flouting maxim, and the speaker s meaning of the flouting maxims in the dialogues found in the Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research. The data of this study is the cooperative principle in dialogues found in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. The data source of this study is the dialogues found in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. The writer found that the speakers of the dialogues followed the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The speaker also flouted the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The writer also found that the speaker meaning of the flouting maxim are vary. It was not a mistake because it was a natural conversation. Sometimes, the speaker needed to share something through flouting maxim when speaking. The writer suggests to the English teacher to apply the appropriate cooperative principle and use the appropriate book as a media while teaching.

10 ABSTRAK Hidayah, Uswatun Prinsip Kerja Sama dalam Dialog di Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing (1) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd, (2) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd Kata Kunci: Prinsip Kerjasama, Maksim, Makna Penutur Secara teoritis, dalam komunikasi, orang seharusnya menerapkan prinsip kerja sama yang terdiri dari empat macam maksim percakapan. Yaitu maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan, dan maksim cara. Menurut Grice dalam Yule (1996:37), karena percakapan dilakukan secara alamiah, orang biasanya tidak mematuhi ke empat maksim atau menyimpang maksim. Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X adalah buku teks yang menyediakan banyak dialog yang diatur dalam bahasa yang alami dan situasi yang asli dan terkadang, dialog ini tidak mematuhi maksim dalam prinsip kerja sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis maksim, jenis-jenis maksim yang dilanggar, dan makna penutur dalam penyimpangan maksim dalam dialog yang ditemukan di Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. Penelitian ini tergolong ke dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatiif. data dalam penelitian ini adalah prinsip kerjasama dalam dialog di Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. Sedangkan, sumber data penelitian ini adalah dialog dalam Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X. Penulis menemukan bahwa penutur dalam dialog mematuhi maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan, dan maksim cara. Tetapi, penutur juga melanggar maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan, dan maksim cara. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa makna penutur dalam melanggar maksim itu bervariasi. Hal ini bukanlah sebuah kesalahan karena percakapan dilakukan secara alami. Tekadang, penutur perlu untuk menjelaskan sesuatu dengan cara menyimpang dari maksim saat berbicara. Penulis menyarankan kepada guru bahasa inggris untuk menerapkan prinsip kerjasama yang tepat dan menggunakan buku yang tepat sebagai media ketika mengajar.

11 TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER... i LOGO... ii TITLE... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION... iv ADVISORS S APPROVAL... v EXAMINER S APPROVAL... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... vii ABSTRACT... xi ABSTRAK... x TABLE OF CONTENTS... xi LIST OF TABLES... xiv LIST OF APPENDICES... xvi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Research Statement of the Problem Objective of the Research Significance of the Research Scope of the Research Operational Definition... 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE Pragmatics Language in Context Cooperative Principle Maxim of Quantity Maxim of Quality... 12

12 Maxim of Relevance Maxim of Manner The Flouting of Cooperative Principle Meaning in Flouting Cooperative Principle Maxim The Flouting Maxim of Quantity The Flouting Maxim of Quality The Flouting Maxim of Relevance The Flouting Maxim of Manner Dialogue Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X Review of Previous Research Theoritical Framework CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH Design of the Research Data and Data Source Data Collecting Data Analysis CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH Research Finding The Kind of Maxims Used and the Kind of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X... 29

13 4.1.3 The Speaker Meaning of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X CHAPTER V DISCUSSION Kinds of maxims Used in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X Maxim of Quantity Maxim of Quality Maxim of Relevance Maxim of Manner The Kind of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X Flouting Maxim of Quantity Flouting Maxim of Quality Flouting Maxim of Relevance Flouting Maxim of Manner The Speaker Meaning of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion Suggestion BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES STATEMENT CURRICULUM VITAE

14 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 3.1 The Kind of Maxims Used and the Kind of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X Table 3.2 The Speaker Meaning of Flouting Maxim in the Dialogues in Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue Table Dialogue

15 Table Dialogue Table The Speaker Meaning of Flouting Maxim... 41

16 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page Appendix