ABSTRAK. Kata kunci: Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Handphone, AHP, Multi-Criteria Decision Making. vi Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Transkripsi

1 ABSTRAK Pengerjaan tugas akhir ini meliputi pengembangan sistem pendukung keputusan untuk memberikan alternatif terbaik pada penentuan pembelian handphone. Sistem pendukung keputusan ini dapat memberikan alternatif handphone terbaik berdasarkan skala kepentingan yang dianggap paling penting oleh pengguna. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang mengandung banyak kriteria (Multi-Criteria Decision Making). Sistem ini menggunakan perhitungan matriks untuk menentukan eigen vector yang akan dijadikan local priority dan global priority. Perhitungan tersebut diimplementasikan dalam bahasa Ruby. Sistem yang dibuat merupakan sistem berbasis web, dengan menggunakan framework rails yang terdiri dari active record sebagai model, action view sebagai view, dan action controller sebagai controllernya. Database engine yang digunakan yaitu MySQL. Hasil yang terdapat dalam sistem ini berupa ranking handphone terbaik berdasarkan perhitungan AHP. Kata kunci: Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Handphone, AHP, Multi-Criteria Decision Making vi

2 ABSTRACT This final project includes development of decision support systems to provide the best alternative for determination of mobile phone purchases. It is expected that this decision support system can provide the best phone based on the scale of alternative interests that are considered by the user. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) is one of the methods used to solve problems that contain many criteria (Multi-Criteria Decision Making). This system uses matrix calculation to determine the eigen vector that will be used as local priority and global priority. The calculation is implemented in Ruby language. The system is web-based system, using framework rails that consist of active record as a model, action view as a view, and action controller as a controller. The database engine used is MySQL. The system gives the best phone to purchase based on the calculation of AHP. Keywords: Decision Support Systems, Mobile phone, AHP, Multi-Criteria Decision Making vii

3 DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PENGESAHAN... i PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN... ii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS LAPORAN PENELITIAN... iii PRAKATA... iv ABSTRAK... vi ABSTRACT... vii DAFTAR ISI... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR... xi DAFTAR TABEL... xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN... xix DAFTAR NOTASI / LAMBANG... xx DAFTAR SINGKATAN... xxiii DAFTAR ISTILAH... xxvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Rumusan Masalah Tujuan Pembahasan Ruang Lingkup Kajian Sumber Data Sistematika Penyajian... 4 BAB II KAJIAN TEORI Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pengertian Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Konsep Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Analytical Hierarchy Process Langkah langkah Analytical Hierarchy Process Penggunaan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process Handphone Fungsi dan fitur Perkembangan Handphone Teknologi Ruby Ruby on Rails (RoR) MySQL...42 viii

4 Javascript WEBrick Perangkat Analisis Sistem Entity Relational Unified Modeling Language Arsitektur Web Application (MVC) Arsitektur Aplikasi Black Box Testing White Box Testing...48 BAB III ANALISIS DAN RANCANGAN SISTEM Business Rules Karakteristik Sistem Pendukung Keputusan yang Terdapat pada Sistem Analisis Data Kriteria Pembanding Analisis Contoh Kasus Analisis Perilaku Analisis Logika Proses Analytical Hierarchy Process Analisis Domain Handphone Kriteria minimal Analisis Perilaku Sistem Use Case Requirement Specification Requirement Fungsional Fitur Sistem Requirement Requirement Non-Fungsional Entity Relationship Class Rancangan User Interface BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN Checklist Implementasi Deskripsi Proses BAB V PEMBAHASAN DAN UJI COBA HASIL PENELITIAN Rencana Pengujian Prosedur Pengujian Whitebox Testing Blackbox Testing ix

5 BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN Kesimpulan Saran DAFTAR PUSTAKA... xxx LAMPIRAN... A-1 RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS... A-2 x

6 DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Gambar 2. Gambar 3. Gambar 4. Gambar 5. Gambar 6. Gambar 7. Gambar 8. Gambar 9. Gambar 10. Gambar 11. Gambar 12. Gambar 13. Gambar 14. Gambar 15. Gambar 16. Gambar 17. Gambar 18. Gambar 19. Gambar 20. Gambar 21. Gambar 22. Gambar 23. Gambar 24. Gambar 25. Gambar 26. Gambar 27. Gambar 28. Gambar 29. Gambar 30. Gambar 31. Gambar 32. Gambar 33. Gambar 34. Konsep Sistem Pendukung Keputusan... 6 Karakteristik Sistem Pendukung Keputusan... 7 Handphone Generasi Telepon Seluler Generasi 1G...25 Handphone Tahun Handphone 3G...26 Generasi Internet...27 Handphone Layar Monokrom...33 Handphone Layar TFT...34 Handphone Layar TFD...34 Handphone Layar USB Samsung...35 Handphone Layar OLED...35 Implementasi MVC pada Ruby on Rails...41 Entity-Relationship (ER)...43 Konsep MVC...45 Arsitektur Aplikasi Model Three-Tier...47 Hirarki Kriteria Handphone...52 Contoh Kasus Hirariki Kriteria Handphone...61 Contoh Hirarki Local Priority Kriteria...64 Contoh Kasus Hirarki Local Priority Alternative...68 Rangking Handphone Alternatives...69 Use Case...75 Activity Search Alternative HP with AHP...78 Activity View HP Data...80 Activity Change Priority...83 Activity Authentification...84 Activity Manage HP Data...86 Activity Insert HP...87 Activity Edit HP...89 Activity Delete HP...90 Activity View Vendor...91 Activity Manage Vendor Data...93 Activity Insert Vendor...94 Activity Edit Vendor...96 xi

7 Gambar 35. Gambar 36. Gambar 37. Gambar 38. Gambar 39. Gambar 40. Gambar 41. Gambar 42. Gambar 43. Gambar 44. Gambar 45. Gambar 46. Gambar 47. Gambar 48. Gambar 49. Gambar 50. Gambar 51. Gambar 52. Gambar 53. Gambar 54. Gambar 55. Gambar 56. Gambar 57. Gambar 58. Gambar 59. Gambar 60. Gambar 61. Gambar 62. Gambar 63. Gambar 64. Gambar 65. Gambar 66. Gambar 67. Gambar 68. Gambar 69. Gambar 70. Gambar 71. Activity Delete Vendor...97 Activity View Specification...98 Activity Manage Specification Activity Insert New Specification Instance Activity Edit Specification Instance Activity Delete Specification Instance Entity Relationship Class Form UI HomeUser Form CariHandphone Form HasilCariHandphone Form FilteringHandphone Form PilihHandphone Form PilihKriteria Form ComparisonPriority Form HasilAHP Form Login Form MengelolaHandphone Form ViewHandphone Form InsertHandphone Form UpdateHandphone Form MengelolaVendor Form ViewVendor Form InsertVendor Form UpdateVendor Form MengelolaSpecification Form ViewSpecificationWeightInstance Form InsertSpecificationWeightInstance Form UpdateSpecificationWeightInstance Form ViewSpecificationNoWeightInstance Form InsertSpecificationNoWeightInstance Form UpdateSpecificationNoWeightInstance Implementasi UI Home Implementasi CariHandphone Implementasi HasilCariHandphone Implementasi FilteringHandphone Implementasi PilihHandphone xii

8 Gambar 72. Gambar 73. Gambar 74. Gambar 75. Gambar 76. Gambar 77. Gambar 78. Gambar 79. Gambar 80. Gambar 81. Gambar 82. Gambar 83. Gambar 84. Gambar 85. Gambar 86. Gambar 87. Implementasi PilihKriteria Implementasi ComparisonPriority Implementasi HasilAHP Implementasi Login Implementasi MengelolaHandphone Implementasi InsertHandphone Implementasi UpdateHandphone Implementasi DeleteHandphone Implementasi MengelolaVendor Implementasi ViewVendor Implementasi InsertVendor Implementasi UpdateVendor Implementasi DeleteVendor Implementasi MengelolaSpecification Implementasi ViewSpecification Implementasi UpdateSpecification xiii

9 DAFTAR TABEL Tabel I. Intensitas Kepentingan...13 Tabel II. Random Index...18 Tabel III. Penjumlahan Kolom Matriks...19 Tabel IV. Pembagian Elemen dengan Hasil Penjumlahan Kolom Matriks...19 Tabel V. Normalisasi Matriks...20 Tabel VI. Hasil Priority Vector...20 Tabel VII. Business Rules...49 Tabel VIII. Instance Value Internet...55 Tabel IX. Instance Value Resolusi Kamera...55 Tabel X. Instance Value Koneksi Wireless...56 Tabel XI. Instance Value Koneksi Wired...57 Tabel XII. Instance Value Jaringan...57 Tabel XIII. Instance Value Jenis Layar...58 Tabel XIV. Instance Value Jumlah Warna Layar...59 Tabel XV. Instance Value Resolusi Layar...59 Tabel XVI. Instance Value Kapasitas Baterai...60 Tabel XVII. Comparative Judgement Contoh Kasus...62 Tabel XVIII. Matriks Pairwise Comparison Contoh Kasus...62 Tabel XIX. Normalisasi Matriks Contoh Kasus...63 Tabel XX. Penjumlahan Baris dan Kolom Per-kriteria Contoh Kasus...63 Tabel XXI. Local Priority Contoh Kasus...64 Tabel XXII. Instance Criteria Contoh Kasus...65 Tabel XXIII. Contoh Kasus Instance Value Resolusi Kamera...65 Tabel XXIV. Pembagian Instance Criteria dengan Hasil Penjumlahan...65 Tabel XXV. Instance Kriteria Internet Contoh Kasus...66 Tabel XXVI. Instance Criteria Internet Contoh Kasus...66 Tabel XXVII. Instance Criteria Internet Value Contoh Kasus...66 Tabel XXVIII. Instance Criteria Jumlah Warna Layar Contoh Kasus...67 Tabel XXIX. Mencari Local Priority Kedua Contoh Kasus...67 Tabel XXX. Eigen Vector Contoh Kasus...67 Tabel XXXI. Mencari Nilai Global Priority...68 Tabel XXXII. Global Priority Handphone Alternatives...68 Tabel XXXIII. Jumlah Kriteria dan Matriks Minimal...71 Tabel XXXIV. Contoh Matriks Value Comparison Kriteria yang Dipilih...73 xiv

10 Tabel XXXV. Hasil Perkalian Matriks 13 x Tabel XXXVI. Tabel XXXVII. Tabel XXXVIII. Tabel XXXIX. Tabel XL. Tabel XLI. Tabel XLII. Tabel XLIII. Tabel XLIV. Tabel XLV. Tabel XLVI. Tabel XLVII. Hasil Perkalian Matriks 3 x Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Tabel XLVIII. Use Case Edit Vendor...95 Tabel XLIX. Tabel L. Tabel LI. Tabel LII. Tabel LIII. Tabel LIV. Tabel LV. Tabel LVI. Tabel LVII. Tabel LVIII. Tabel LIX. Tabel LX. Tabel LXI. Tabel LXII. Tabel LXIII. Tabel LXIV. Tabel LXV. Tabel LXVI. Tabel LXVII. Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Use Case UC Fitur Sistem Requirement System Daftar Tabel ER Tabel vendor Tabel handphone Tabel specification Tabel weight_instance Tabel no_weight_instance Tabel handphone_weight_instance Tabel handphone_no_weight_instance Keterangan Class Keterangan Attribute Logika Proses getid Vendor Tabel LXVIII. Logika Proses getvendorname Vendor Tabel LXIX. Tabel LXX. Tabel LXXI. Logika Proses setid Vendor Logika Proses setvendorname Vendor Logika Proses getvendor Vendor xv

11 Tabel LXXII. Logika Proses getvendors Vendor Tabel LXXIII. Logika Proses create Vendor Tabel LXXIV.Logika Proses update Vendor Tabel LXXV. Logika Proses delete Vendor Tabel LXXVI.Logika Proses getid Handphone Tabel LXXVII. Tabel LXXVIII. Logika Proses gethandphonename Handphone Logika Proses getprice Handphone Tabel LXXIX.Logika Proses getweight Handphone Tabel LXXXI.Logika Proses getdimension Handphone Tabel LXXXII. Tabel LXXXIII. Tabel LXXXIV. Tabel LXXXV. Tabel LXXXVI. Logika Proses getthick Handphone Logika Proses getimage Handphone Logika Proses getvendorid Handphone Logika Proses setid Handphone Logika Proses sethandphonename Handphone Tabel LXXXVII. Logika Proses setprice Handphone Tabel LXXXVIII. Tabel LXXXIX. Tabel XC. Tabel XCI. Tabel XCII. Tabel XCIII. Tabel XCIV. Tabel XCV. Tabel XCVI. Logika Proses setweight Handphone Logika Proses setdimension Handphone Logika Proses setthick Handphone Logika Proses setimage Handphone Logika Proses setvendorid Handphone Logika Proses gethandphone Handphone Logika Proses gethandphones Handphone Logika Proses create Handphone Logika Proses update Handphone Tabel XCVII. Logika Proses delete Handphone Tabel XCVIII. Tabel XCIX. Tabel C. Tabel CI. Tabel CII. Logika Proses getid Specification Logika Proses getspecificationname Specification Logika Proses getisweighted Specification Logika Proses setid Specification Logika Proses setspecificationname Specification Tabel CIII. Logika Proses setisweighted Specification Tabel CIV. Tabel CVI. Tabel CVII. Tabel CVIII. Tabel CX. Tabel CXI. Logika Proses getspecification Specification Logika Proses getspecifications Specification Logika Proses create Specification Logika Proses update Specification Logika Proses delete Specification Logika Proses getid Weight_Instance xvi

12 Tabel CXII. Tabel CXIII. Tabel CXV. Tabel CXVI. Tabel CXVIII. Tabel CXIX. Tabel CXX. Tabel CXXI. Logika Proses getweightinstancename Weight_Instance Logika Proses getvalue Weight_Instance Logika Proses getspecificationid Weight_Instance Logika Proses setid Weight_Instance Logika Proses setweightinstancename Weight_Instance Logika Proses setvalue Weight_Instance Logika Proses setspecificationid Weight_Instance Logika Proses getweightinstance Weight_Instance Tabel CXXII. Logika Proses getweightinstances Weight_Instance Tabel CXXIII. Tabel CXXIV. Logika Proses create Weight_Instance Logika Proses update Weight_Instance Tabel CXXV. Logika Proses delete Weight_Instance Tabel CXXVI. Tabel CXXVII. Logika Proses getid No_Weight_Instance Logika Proses getnoweightinstancename No_Weight_Instance 164 Tabel CXXVIII. Logika Proses getspecificationid No_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXX. Logika Proses setid No_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXXI. Tabel CXXXII. Logika Proses setnoweightinstancename No_Weight_Instance. 166 Logika Proses setspecificationid No_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXXIII. Logika Proses getnoweightinstance Tabel CXXXIV. Logika Proses getnoweightinstances No_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXXV. Logika Proses create No_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXXVI. Logika Proses update No_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXXVII.Logika Proses delete No_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXXVIII. Logika Proses getid Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CXXXIX. Logika Proses gethandphoneid Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CXL. Tabel CXLI. Tabel CXLII. Logika Proses getweightinstanceid Handphone_Weight_Instance. 176 Logika Proses setid Handphone_Weight_Instance Logika Proses sethandphoneid Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CXLIII. Logika Proses setweightinstanceid Handphone_Weight_Instance. 178 Tabel CXLIV.Logika Proses gethandphoneweightinstace Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CXLV. Logika Proses gethandphoneweightinstaces Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CXLVI.Logika Proses create Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CXLVIII. Logika Proses update Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CXLIX.Logika Proses delete Handphone_Weight_Instance Tabel CL. Logika Proses getid Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Tabel CLI. Logika Proses gethandphoneid Handphone_No_Weight_Instance xvii

13 Tabel CLII. Logika Proses getnoweightinstanceid Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Tabel CLIII. Tabel CLIV. Logika Proses setid Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Logika Proses sethandphoneid Handphone_No_Weight_Instance. 189 Tabel CLV. Logika Proses setnoweightinstanceid Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Tabel CLVI. Logika Proses gethandphonenoweightinstance Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Tabel CLVII. Logika Proses gethandphonenoweightinstances Tabel CLVIII. Logika Proses create Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Tabel CLIX. Tabel CLX. Tabel CLXI. Tabel CLXII. Logika Proses update Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Logika Proses delete Handphone_No_Weight_Instance Logika Proses getid User Logika Proses getusername User Tabel CLXIII. Logika Proses getpassword User Tabel CLXIV.Logika Proses authentification Tabel CLXV. Logika Proses calcci AHP Tabel CLXVI.Logika Proses calccr AHP Tabel CLXVII. Tabel CLXVIII. Logika Proses calcglobalpriority AHP Logika Proses isconsistent AHP Tabel CLXIX.Logika Proses creatematrix AHP Tabel CLXX. Logika Proses normmatrix AHP Tabel CLXXI.Logika Proses normmatrixlist AHP Tabel CLXXII. Tabel CLXXIII. Tabel CLXXV. Logika Proses rankalternative AHP Field Form Insert Handphone Field Form Insert Vendor Tabel CLXXVI. Field Form Insert Specification Weight Instance Tabel CLXXVII.Field Form Insert Specification No Weight Instance Tabel CLXXVIII. Checklist Implementasi Requirement Tabel CLXXIX. Prosedur Pengujian Whitebox testing Tabel CLXXX. Prosedur Pengujian Blackbox Testing xviii

14 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN xix

15 DAFTAR NOTASI / LAMBANG Simbol Penggunaan Keterangan Association Use Case Use Case Use Case Pengguna dari sistem, biasa disebut aktor. Baik itu manusia, mesin atau sistem lain yang berinteraksi dengan sistem yang sedang berjalan. Elemen modelling UML yang menjelaskan skenario atau apa saja yang dilakukan user saat menggunakan sistem Sebuah konektor yang menghubungkan aktor dan usecase Decision Use Case Use Case Activity Memungkinkan suatu use case untuk menggunakan fungsionalitas yang disediakan oleh usecase lain Memungkinkan suatu use case memperluas fungsionalitas yang disediakan use case lainnya Menunjukkan pilihan. xx

16 Initial state Final state Activity Activity Tahap awal untuk suatu aktivitas. Tahap akhir untuk suatu aktivitas. State1 Activity Menunjukkan aktivitas Control flow Activity Menunjukkan aktivitas. pergerakan dependency Class Class Hubungan antara class yang bersifat ketergantungan keberadaan class satu dengan class lainnya. Merepresentasikan suatu objek yang menggambarkan struktur dan perilaku sistem. aggregate Class Entity Relationship Hubungan yang memperlihatkan isi dari suatu elemen dengan elemen lain. Suatu atau objek di dunia nyata yang dapat dibedakan dari suatu objek lainnya. xxi

17 Entity Relationship Entity Relationship Properti deskriptif yang dimiliki oleh setiap anggota dari himpnan entitas. Hubungan antara suatu himpunan entitas dengan himpunan entitas lainya. Entity Relationship Menggambarkan kardinalitas antar entity, diantaranya one to one, one to many, many to one, many to many xxii

18 DAFTAR SINGKATAN Singkatan AHP AJAX AMOLED CDMA CI CIF CR CSS CSTN DBMS DGMS DSS EDGE ER FM GB GHz GPRS Deskripsi Analytic Hierarchy Process Asynchronous Javascript and XML Active Matrix Organic Light Emmiting Diode Code Division Multiple Accsess Consistency Index Common Intermediate Format Consistency Ratio Cascading Style Sheet Color Super Twisted Nematic Database Management System Dialogue Generation Management System Desicion Support System Enhanced Data for Global Evolution Entity Relationship Frequenci Modulation Gigabyte Gigahertz General Packet Radio Service xxiii

19 GSM HP HSDPA HTML ID IEEE IP KBps LAN LCD LEP Li-ion Li-Po ma mah MB MBMS MBps MHz MMS MVC Global System for Mobile communications Handphone High Speed Downlink Packet Access Hypertext Markup Language Indentity Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Protocol Kilobyte per second Local Area Network Liquid Crystal Displays Light-Emmiting Polymer Lithium Ion Lithium Polymer miliampere miliampere-hour Megabyte Modelbase Management System Megabyte per second Megahertz Multimedia Messaging Service Model, View, Controller xxiv

20 NiCd NiMH OEL OLED OOP OS PC PSTN RDBMS RI SDD SDLC SMS SPK SQL SRS SSFH STN SXVGA TFD TFT Nickel Cadmium Nickel Metal Hydride Organic Electro Luminescence Organic Light-Emmiting Diode Object Oriented Programming Operating System Personal Computer Public Switched Telephone Network Relational Database Management System Random Index Software Design Description System Development Life Cycle Short Message Service Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Structured Query Language Software Requirement Specification Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping Super Twisted Nematic Super Extended Visual Graphics Array Thin Film Diode Thin Film Transistor xxv

21 UFB UI UML UMTS USB VGA VHF WAP Wi-Fi WLAN XML Ultra Fine Bright User Interface Unified Modeling Language Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service Universal Serial Bus Visual Graphics Array Very High Frequency Wireless Application Protocol Wireless Fidelity Wireless Local Area Network Extensible Markup Language xxvi

22 DAFTAR ISTILAH Istilah Keterangan Decomposition prinsip menyusun hirarki dengan memecah persoalan yang utuh menjadi unsur-unsurnya comparative judgement prinsip menentukan prioritas dengan membuat penilaian tentang kepentingan relatif dua elemen pada suatu tingkat tertentu dalam kaitannya dengan tingkat yang di atasnya comparison nilai kepentingan setiap elemen dengan elemen lainnya priority pairwise matriks elemen-elemen yang digunakan saat comparison comparative judgement logical consistency keseragaman/ relefansi objek-objek yang didasarkan pada kriteria tertentu local priority nilai hasil normalisasi matriks global priority hasil akhir nilai alternatives berdasarkan skala prioritasnya yang dikalikan dengan local priority Alternatives obyek-obyek yang dicari nilai AHP nya memiliki elemenelemen yang disebut kriteria Criteria/Kriteria elemen-elemen dari suatu objek persoalan yang mempunyai nilai bobot pada sub-criteria-nya dan disusun pada pohon hirarki instance criteria Bagian/contoh dari suatu kriteria instance criteria nilai bobot instance criteria value weighted criteria kriteria yang mempunyai nilai bobot consistency ratio rasio konsistensi suatu matriks yang mempunyai ketentuan harus lebih besar dari 0,1 random index nilai setiap ordo matriks xxvii

23 eigen vector reciprocal aksioma preferensi sebutan lain untuk local priority pada AHP Perbandingan terbalik antara 2 elemen suatu pernyataan yang diterima sebagai kebenaran dan bersifat umum, tanpa memerlukan pembuktian Prioritas; pilihan; kecenderungan; kesukaan xxviii