Masalah dan Tujuan Penelitian. Adi Utarini

Transkripsi

1 Masalah dan Tujuan Penelitian Adi Utarini

2 Definisi Capstone Project A multifaceted assignment that services as a culminating academic and intellectual experience for students, typically during the final year or at the end of an academic program or learning-pathway experience. Source: education glossaryedglossary.org/capstone-project/ A culminating experience requires a student to synthesize and integrate knowledge acquired in coursework and other learning experiences and to apply theory and principles in a situation that approximates some aspect of professional practice. Through the culminating experience the faculty determines whether the student has mastered the body of knowledge required of a master s degree graduate (CEPH-Cuny School of Public Health)

3 Thesis or Capstone? Persamaan Keduanya berangkat dari masalah penelitian yang jelas; Ada tinjauan pustaka yang mencakup penelitian sebelumnya yang penting dan isi tinjauan pustaka yang relevan, terfokus pada masalah penelitian Ada metode penelitiannya Ada analisisnya; dan Ada pernyataan kesimpulan

4 Thesis vs Capstone Project Thesis The thesis should answer a question which contributes to new knowledge and is generalizable beyond a single setting. The thesis should be analytic, should systematically analyze data, and should develop and make appropriate inferences based on the analysis. Capstone project The capstone project may answer a question of practical importance, or develop, test, and evaluate an intervention, curriculum, or protocol for application within a particular agency or community setting.

5 Thesis vs Capstone Project Thesis Involves researching a topic of interest Typically based upon a hypothesis or assertion statement May or may not be a development component It must add some new knowledge (originality) Usually involves data collection, analysis, synthesis Accomplished through a determined study design Capstone project Involves some type of practical development with a deliverable Development of a deliverable Development and demonstration of an innovative process that addresses a current issue or problem The report contains current linking on the topic in the literature, design, implementation of the development and a critical evaluation of the result

6 Example of Products/Deliverables Training curriculum and design Training evaluation Website design Quality improvement projects Marketing materials Survey of.. Planning/development of Implementation Monitoring of Evaluation of

7 Format Thesis Proposal: pages Thesis: pages Thesis: Chapter 1-5 Capstone Proposal: 3-5 pages Thesis: Ranged from pages, pages Thesis: Format adjusted to type of capstone

8 Starting point Apa topik penelitiannya? Masalah manajemen rumah sakit apa yang ingin diselesaikan? Apa yang ingin disumbangkan /dikembangkan (deliverables)?

9 Topik Tesis (bukan Judul Tesis) Effectivity & Efficiency Barriers to implementation Clinical Pathway Stroke Patient pathway Feasibility and acceptance Design of pathway

10 Awal Proses Penelitian Thesis Research starts with a question and Ends with an answer and/or A new question Capstone project Project starts with a problem to be fixed and Ends with a problem solved and/or Detailed recommendations for action

11 Introduction (Bab I) Thesis Statement of study question Description of what is known about question/literature review Importance of question and rationale for approach Capstone Project Statement of problem to be solved Background about the problem and the description of other pertinent information Importance of problem and rationale for approach

12 Fokus Masalah Memahami kompleksitas masalah secara menyeluruh Mendeskripsikan masalah tersebut secara terinci Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mungkin berkorelasi dengan masalah yang dipelajari Menetapkan penyebab masalahnya Desain Intervensi Mengujicobamelaksanakan intervensinya Implementasi Intervensi Sebab Akibat Deskripsi Korelasi Merancang intervensi yang sesuai dengan penyebab masalah Eksplorasi

13 Fokus Masalah: Implementasi (Peter DH et al., 2013) Intervensi dapat dipertahankan dan dilembagakan Persepsi penerimaan stakeholder tentang intervensi tersebut (pengguna, penyedia, manajer, pembuat kebijakan dll) Keinginan, keputusan awal, tindakan untuk mencoba menerapkan intervensi tersebut Persepsi kesesuaian, relevansi intervensi untuk setting tertentu atau audiens atau masalah tertentu Kelayakan bahwa sebuah intervensi dapat dilakukan di setting/organisasi tertentu Fidelity Cost, Coverage Sustainability Feasibility Appropriateness Adoption Acceptance Tingkat pelaksanaan intervensi yang sesuai dengan desain awal, rencana dan kebijakan Biaya pelaksanaan dan tingkat cakupan populasi yang seharusnya menerima manfaat dari intervensi

14 Mempertajam Masalah Penelitian Dampak Situasi Mengapa? Slide: YM

15 Identifikasi topik Memotong menjadi Sub-sub topik Memilih subtopik Menyusun Perumusan masalah Cek-ulang Pertimbangkan sumber daya Rumuskan tujuan Langkah Mempertajam Permasalahan (Kumar, 1996)

16 Tujuan Penelitian: Kata kerja penting untuk mengarahkan desain penelitian Mendeskripsikan Menjelaskan Mengeksplorasi Mengidentifikasi Merancang... Mengukur tingkat Mengembangkan... Mengukur hubungan antara... dan... Meningkatkan/menurunkan... Melakukan penilaian Mengevaluasi efektivitas... Menetapkan strategi Menilai implementasi...

17 Pernyataan Tujuan: Don t use... Mengetahui Menganalisis Melihat Menggambarkan Mencari Mengamati

18 Kasus: Skenario di ICU rumah sakit Tim patient safety RS baru saja melaporkan tingkat decubitus di ICU, yaitu sebesar 30% dari pasien ICU Perawat di ICU mempunyai tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi dibanding perawat yang bekerja di unit lainnya Demikian pula tingkat stres yang dirasakan oleh keluarga pasien yang dirawat di ICU Masalah decubitus ini juga terjadi di RS lain Diskusikan: Perumusan masalah dan tujuannya