Contribution of CIRAD and partners on participatory /collaborative Land Use Planning research in Indonesia. Outline

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1 Contribution of CIRAD and partners on participatory /collaborative Land Use Planning research in Indonesia Yves Laumonier and Bayuni Shantiko The 2 nd International Conference of Indonesia Forestry Researchers (2 nd INAFOR 2013) Outline Introduction CIRAD in Indonesia Case 1: Building common vision in Kapuas Hulu Regency Case 2: Land use modelling and spatial analysis 1

2 Situation in tropical area REDD APL Konservasi KPH A/R Source: Pedroni (2009) History of the variation in land cover and land use types along the tree cover transition in Indonesia ( ) Decline of industrial logging, illegal logging taking over on ex logging concessions Conversion into agricultural land once timber stock depleted ( ) Development of forest plantation for pulp and paper industries Development of oil palm estates (mainly Sumatra and Kalimantan) Transition from river- to road-based economy 2

3 The need of land use planning which support development without degrading environment How can we establish a fair land use planning and collaborative natural resource management? CIRAD and partners have done research in that area since 1995 Forest Inventory Monitoring Project MoF ( ) Tanimbar Participatory LUP Project Birdlife MoF ( ) Collaborative LUP Project CIFOR MoF- FORDA ( ) 3

4 Support collaborative process in land use allocation, land use planning and natural resource management To support institutional development which promoting policy and land-related instrument including community development Study on new approach toward mitigation of environmental degradation by promoting payment mechanism through payment for environmental services (PES) Case 1: Building common vision of land use planning (LUP) in forested landscape Kapuas Hulu Regency 4

5 Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu is in a development stage. It declared as conservation district in 2003 While development is expected to improve people welfare; tension exists between development interest and conservation Future uncertainty policy intervention and anticipation What process can allow multiple needs of land taken into account in land use decision process? Participatory prospective analysis (PPA) - Analisis prospektif partisipatif An applied foresighting approach developed by CIRAD PPA involved group experts : district government, local community, customary leaders, private sector, NGOs Identify and analyze variables in participatory way to develop future scenarios Action plan to be integrated with regency planning 5

6 8 steps PPA PPA process and flow Define system boundary Identify variables Define variables Mutual relationship analysis Identify and select key variables Define the state of key variables Scenario development Follow up and scenario action plan PPA workshop series (May-July 2011) Public consultation at sub-district/ village level -Dec 11 Public consultation at district level (Apr 2011) Workshops and consultations to develop action plan ( ) Q: What could be the future of development? Time: 20 years; Geographic boundary: Kapuas Hulu regency Participatory prospective analysis 6

7 Results 50 Variables Key drivers: Government policy, use of technology, customary law and wisdom, mindset, participation, education and skills 4 Scenarios of future development in Kapuas Hulu Skenario 1 Kebijakan yang berpihak kepada masyarakat dan direncanakan bersama masyarakat Publik berpartisipasi sepanjang proses perencanaan termasuk monitoring dan pengawasan Penggunaan lahan ditentukan mempertimbangkan aspirasi masyarakat dan sinergi antara hukum adat dan hukum nasional Dalam skenario ini, terbukanya akses terhadap pendidikan meningkatkan dan mengubah pola pikir masyarakat untuk menguasai teknologi yang ramah lingkungan 7

8 Skenario 2 Kebijakan pembangunan lemah dan tidak menjawab kebutuhan penting dari masyarakat Hukum nasional diterima secara luas, lembaga adat dan kearifan lokal mulai luntur; masyarakat adat akhirnya hilang Penggunaan lahan tidak menggunakan kearifan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan dan masyarakat termarjinalkan Skenario 3 Konflik di masyarakat meningkat karena para pihak tidak dilibatkan dalam pembangunan Kemiskinan dan ketimpangan mendorong apatisme publik Konflik penggunaan lahan meningkat karena lembaga adat lemah dan masyarakat adat terpecah belah 8

9 Skenario 4 Pembangunan dan pertumbuhan melambat karena prioritas kebijakan berubah-ubah mengikuti perilaku oportunis yang mementingkan kelompok Masyarakat adat dan hukum adat diakui untuk kepentingan pencitraan Penggunaan lahan dan pembangunan tidak melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat Redesign land use plan and allocation Strengthening collaboration among development actors Recognize community rights Community development programs Action plan Tindakan Siapa yang me Melakukan koordinasi dan Pemerintah pemantapan serta kesiapan untuk masyarakat melakukan pemetaan ulang pengusaha terhadap peruntukan lahan Tindakan S Harus mengumpulkan Dengan membuat aspirasi kesepakatan Kolaboratif dari masyarakat bersama mulai para dari pihak berkaitan masyarakat wilayah kawasan dengan sampai kegiatan pembangunan pemerintah administratif, Memaksimalkan tepat dan akurat fungsi sebagai Menfasilitasi/mediasi pengendali antara pemanfaatan Tindakan ruang Pemda masyarakat dengan Buat pihak tim lain terpadu melibatkan Investor pemerintah dan masyarakat Camat Memperhitungkan setempat social cost dalam Tindakan perencanaan Memperhitungkan pembangunan social Siapa cost yang m Intensifikasi perkebunan dalam karet perencanaan dengan Masyarakat menggunakan bibit unggul, pemupukan Pemda (disb pembangunan dan pemeliharaan yang benar Swasta Pengembangan teknologi tepat guna Distamben (pengembangan PLTMH, pengolahan air Dinas cipta bersih, pemanfaatan sumber air untuk Dinas perika perikanan dan pertanian) Dinas pertan Masyarakat 9

10 Case 2. Land use modeling and spatial data analysis Proposal for revision of land status map of Kapuas Hulu Regency Three main components for land use planning (LUP) Accurate and updated information on: Land cover Land suitability (soil and slope) Land status (land allocation) If land status is not clear for every stakeholders, then land use planning can not be implemented 10

11 STATUS LAHAN KAWASAN HUTAN & PERAIRAN, 2000 Issue related to land use mapping and planning: Scale Spatial data is not detail enough Using 1: map as reference for LUP at regency and sub district level. At the implementation stage, it will be zoomed which results inaccurate LUP Because of spatial data is not accurate at bigger scale, zonation will not fit with topography, hydrography or land cover Unclear boundary, communities are not involved; GPS points are taken from the map before going to the field, not the opposite Legal status is unclear 11

12 Diingatkan: Skor Hutan (Dephut) Kelerengan : Landai (1) Curam (5) Erodibilitas tanah: Rendah (1) Tinggi (5) Intensitas curah hujan : Rendah (1) Tinggi (5) Tingkat kelerengan x 20 = skor kelerengan Tingkat erodibilitas tanah x 15 = skor erodibilitas tanah Tingkat intensitas curah hujan x 10 = skor curah hujan Skor Hutan Hutan Lindung > 175 Hutan Produksi Terbatas Hutan Produksi Biasa < 125 Keterbatasan penggunaan Skor Hutan dalam perencanaan tata guna lahan mendetail tingkat Kabupaten Skor kelerengan: tidak sesuai untuk pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai (DAS) atau pertanian; ada perbedaan kelas lereng antara Departemen departemen Kehutanan sendiri (BAPLAN, BRLKT) dan instansi lain yang mengurus pengelolaan lahan (PPTA, Departemen Pertanian). Skor tanah: pengelompokan sangat umum hanya menunjukan erodibilitas. Digunakan pada tingkat nasional, tetapi tidak sesuai dengan kondisi lokal dan sekala besar. Skor curah hujan: ditentukan dengan asumsi bahwa curah hujan tinggi berarti erosi tinggi, tapi stasion lokal sedikit sekali 12

13 Definisi Skor Hutan harus dan bisa digunakan untuk Perencanaan Tata Guna Lahan yang akurat di skala yang lebih besar Kelerengan : DEM dengan peta topografi skala 1:50,000 BAKOSURTANAL Erodibilitas tanah: Peta geologi, land unit dan expertise Intensitas curah hujan : Peta bioiklim (Fontanel and Chantefort; worldclim database) Beberapa masalah batas? 13

14 Model Elevasi Digital, skala 1: Kawasan Hutan, skala 1: FOREST SCORE SKALA 1:

15 SKOR Kehutanan skala 1:50,000 Skor Kehutanan skala 1:50,000 COLUPSIA dan usulan perubahan fungsi Kawasan Hutan 15

16 Conclusion -1 The participatory prospective analysis (PPA) process proved successful in bringing together different stakeholders to view their environment from a very different perspective. Using PPA and its scenario development, different stakeholders started realizing the need of working together, to collaborate for further actions to make change affecting their future Conclusion -2 Land use planning and land allocation will be benefited from detail and accurate forestland and water maps (Peta kawasan hutan dan perairan) with a bigger scale In the last three years, CIRAD CoLUPSIA project has been collecting necessary data to prepare land use and land status revision at kabupaten level based on ecology, biology, social economy and cultural data and information 16

17 Thank you 17