11. Oka Lely. Jika anak terlambat bicara Available from : 12. American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy statement.

Transkripsi

1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Judarwanto Widodo. Keterlambatan bicara-speech delay Available from: 2. Leung KA, Kao PC. Evaluation and management of the child with speech delay. Am Fam Phys 1999;59: Klinik Tumbuh Kembang Anak RS. Dr. Kariadi. Studi pendahuluan disfasia perkembangan. Semarang; Jonhston MV. Clinical disorder of brain plasticity. Brain dev 2004;26: Mundkur N. Neuroplasticity in children. Indian J Pediatr 2005;72: American Academy of Pediatrics. Committe on children with disabilities. Role of the Pediatrician in family-centered early intervention service. Pediatrics 2001;107: Vincer MJ, Cake H, Graven M, Dodds L, McHugh S, Fraboni T. A population-based study to determine the performance of the cognitive adaptive test/clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scale to predict the mental developmental index at 18 months on the bayley scales of infant development- II in very preterm infants. Pediatrics 2005;116: Accardo PJ, Capute AJ. The capute scales: Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic & Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS). Baltimore: Paul. H. Brookes Publishing Co; Terapul Tarigan, Nancy Ervani, Syamsidah Lubis. Pola menonton televisi dan pengaruhnya terhadap anak. Sari Pediatri. 2007; 9(1): Available from: Strategi pencegahan perilaku negatif pada anak-anak sebagai akibat tayangan televisi dan model tayangan edukatif untuk anak-anak. Seminar Nasional Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Kualitas ISO dan IWA 2 dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Dosen dan Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi UPN Veteran Jawa Timur; 2009 Des 10; Surabaya: Ety D. Susanti, Yuli Candrasari, Yudiana Indriastuti;

2 Oka Lely. Jika anak terlambat bicara Available from : American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy statement. Media use in children younger than 2 years. J pediatrics 2011;128: Zimmerman FJ, Christakis DA, Meltzoff AN. Television and DVD/video viewing in children younger than 2 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(5): Victoria J. Rideout, Elizabeth A. Vandewater, Ellen A. Wartella. Zero to six: electronic media in the lives of infants, toddlers and preschoolers. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation Linebarger DL, Walker D. Infants and toddlers television viewing and language outcomes. Am Behav Sci. 2005;48(5): Zimmerman FJ, Christakis DA, Meltzoff AN. Associations between media viewing and language development in children under age two years. J Pediatr. 2007;151(4): Weerasak Chonchaiya, Chandhita Pruksananond. Television viewing associates with delayed language development. Acta Paediatr. 2008; 97(7): Anak Agung Ayu W. Antari, I Gusti Ayu T. Windiani, Djauhar Ismail. Television watching time and cognitive development in young children. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2012; 52(1): Dworkin JP, Culatta RA. Oral structural and neuromuscular characteristics in children with normal and disordered articulation. Journal of Speech and Hearingm Disorders. 1985;50(2), Chaer A. Psiokolinguistik kajian teoritik. Jakarta: Rineka Abdi Owens RE. Language Development an Introduction, 5th edition. New York: Allyn and Bacon Webster RI. The clinical spectrum of developmental language impairment in school aged children: language, cognitive and motor findings. Pediatrics 2006;118:

3 Ansel BM, Landa RM, Stark-Selz RE. Development and disorders of speech and language. In: Oski FA, DeAngelis CD, editors. Principles and practice of pediatrics. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1994: Simkin Z, Conti G. Evidence of reading difficulty in subgroups of children with specific language impairment. Child language teaching and therapy 2006;22: Makum, AH. Gangguan perkembangan berbahasa. Buku ajar ilmu kesehatan anak. Jakarta: Balai penerbit FKUI. 1991; Virginia W, Meredith G. Gangguan bicara dan bahasa. Buku ajar penyakit teli nga, hidung, tenggorok. Jakarta : EGC ; Departemen Rehabilitasi Medik. Buku laporan pasien rawat jalan. Jakarta Wahjuni S. Pemeriksaan penyaring keterlambatan perkembangan bahasa pada anak batita dengan Early Language Milestone Scale di kelurahan Paseban Jakarta Pusat. Jakarta Smith C, Hill J. Language development and disorders of communication and oral motor function. Pediatric Rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus p Silva PA, Williams SM, McGee R. A longitudinal study of children with developmental language delay at age three; later intelligence, reading and behavior problems. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1987;29; Schwartz ER. Speech and language disorders. In: Schwartz MW, editor. Pediatric primary care: a problem oriented approach. St. Louis: Mosby, 1990: Coplan J. Evaluation of the child with delayed speech or language. Pediatr Ann. 1985;14: Leung AK, Robson WL, Fagan J, Chopra S, Lim SH. Mental retardation. J R Soc Health. 1995;115: Leung AK, Robson WL. Otitis media in infants and children. Drug Protocol. 1990;5:29 35.

4 Schlieper A, Kisilevsky H, Mattingly S, Yorke L. Mild conductive hearing loss and language development: a one year follow-up study. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1985;6: Shonkoff JP. Language delay: late talking to communication disorder. In: Rudolph AM, Hoffman JI, Rudolph CD, editors. Rudolph's pediatrics. London: Prentice-Hall. 1996: Bishop DV. Developmental disorders of speech and language. In: Rutter M, Taylor E, Hersov L, eds. Child and adolescent psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 1994: Davis H, Stroud A, Green L. The maternal language environment of children with language delay. Br J Disord Commun. 1988;23: American Academy of Pediatrics. Council on children with disabilities. identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics 2006;118: Dhamayanti Meita, Herlina Murfariza. Skrining gangguan kognitif dan bahasa dengan menggunakan capute scales (Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale-Cat/Clams). Sari Pediatri. 2009;11(3):189-98). 41. Rakhmat, Jalaluddin. Psikologi komunikasi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Kamila B. Mistry, Cynthia S. Minkovitz, Donna M. Strobino and Dina L.G. Children's television exposure and behavioral and social outcomes at 5.5 years: does timing of exposure matter? Pediatrics. Vol. 120(4), 2007: p. Available from: Amy B. Jordan, James C. Hersey, Judith A. McDivitt, Carrie D. Heitzler. Reducing children s television-viewing time: a qualitative study of parents and their children. Pediatrics. Vol. 118(5), 2006:e1303-e1310 p. Available from: Rideout VJ, Hamel E. The media family: electronic media in the lives of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their parents. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation; 2006.

5 Committee on Public Education. Media education, J. Pediatrics 1999;104: Roberts DF, Foehr UG. Kids and Media in America. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; Vandewater EA, Park SE, Huang X, Wartella EA. No: you can t watch thatparental rules and young children s media use. Am Behav Sci. 2005;48(5): Anderson DR, Evans MK. Peril and potential of media for infants and toddlers. Zero to Three. 2001;22(2): Kirkorian HL, Pempek TA, Murphy LA, Schmidt ME, Anderson DR. The impact of background television on parent-child interaction. Child Dev. 2009;80(5): Hart B, Risley TR. Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes; Masako T, Okuma K, Kyoshima K. Television viewing and reduced parental utterance, and delayed speech development in infants and young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(6): Schmidt ME, Pempek TA, Kirkorian HL, Lund AF, Anderson DR. The effects of background television on the toy play behavior of very young children. Child Dev. 2008;79(4): Dimitri A. Christakis. The effects of infant media usage: what do we know and what should we learn? Acta Paediatrica 2009;98: Hooper ML, Chang P. Comparison of demands of sustained attentional events between public and private children s television programming. Percept Mot Skills. 1998; 86: Amy Nathanson. Parental mediation of media effects. In Schement, Jorge Reina, et al, editors. Encyclopedia of communication and information. New York: Macmillan reference USA; p M. Sopiyudin Dahlan. Statistik untuk kedokteran dan kesehatan. Edisi ke-5. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2011.

6 Lampiran 1. Ethical clearance 67

7 Lampiran 2. Surat permohonan ethical clearance 68

8 Lampiran 3. Surat rujukan 69

9 70

10 71 Lampiran 4. Informed Consent LEMBAR INFORMASI CALON SUBJEK JUDUL PENELITIAN : Hubungan Pola dengan Keterlambatan Bicara, Studi pada Anak Usia 1-3 Tahun di Semarang PENELITI : Ani Safitri Bapak/Ibu Yth, Saya mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro yang melakukan penelitian dengan judul Hubungan Pola dengan Keterlambatan Bicara, Studi pada Anak Usia 1-3 Tahun di Semarang. Penelitian ini telah memiliki izin tertulis dari pihak-pihak yang berwenang. Dalam penelitian ini, saya ingin mencari informasi mengenai pola menonton televisi dan keterlambatan bicara pada anak usia 1-3 tahun. Saya akan menjelaskan tujuan, tata cara penelitian, dan menanyakan kesediaan untuk berpartisipasi kepada orang tua responden sebagai wakil dari responden. Jika orang tua responden bersedia, orang tua responden akan menjalani wawancara dan responden akan menjalani pemeriksaan keterlambatan bicara. terdapat risiko negatif pada penelitian ini. Orang tua responden hanya diminta meluangkan waktu untuk melakukan wawancara dan memberi izin saya untuk melakukan pemeriksaan keterlambatan bicara pada responden. Dengan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, orang tua responden dapat mengetahui lebih dini apakah responden diduga mengalami keterlambatan bicara sehingga dapat ditindaklanjuti dengan cepat dan tepat. Seluruh informasi yang didapatkan selama penelitan termasuk data pribadi dan data penelitian akan dijaga kerahasiaannya. Nama responden atau dokumen lain yang mengidentifikasikan responden sebagai subjek penelitian tidak akan dibuka tanpa persetujuan tertulis dari orang tua responden. Apabila ditengah perjalanan orang tua responden mengundurkan diri dari penelitian, saya sangat menghargai keputusan tersebut dan tidak akan mengenakan sanksi apapun. Jika responden diduga mengalami keterlambatan bicara, akan dirujuk ke Klinik Tumbuh Kembang Anak RSUP Dr. Kariadi dengan dr. Fitri Hartanto, Sp.A (K) sebagai penanggung jawab. Jika Bapak/Ibu mempunyai pertanyaan mengenai penelitian ini, dapat menghubungi: Ani Safitri ( ) dr. Fitri Hartanto, Sp.A (K) (pembimbing) dr. Gana Adyaksa, MSi.Med ( pembimbing) FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS DIPENOGORO SEMARANG Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto, SH. Tembalang,Semarang, Kotak Pos 1269 No Telpon : Faksimile : dean_fmdu@undip.ac.id

11 72 LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SUBJEK PENELITIAN (Informed Consent) Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Alamat : Telp : Orangtua kandung/wali dari: Nama : TPA / PAUD : Menerangkan bahwa setelah menerima sepenuhnya penjelasan tentang penelitian Hubungan Pola dengan Keterlambatan Bicara, Studi pada Anak Usia 1-3 Tahun di Semarang saya, mewakili responden, menyatakan untuk ikut dalam penelitian ini. SETUJU / TIDAK SETUJU Demikian surat persetujuan ini kami buat dengan sesungguhnya dan penuh kesadaran untuk dapat dipergunakan sebagaimana mestinya. Peneliti Semarang, Orang tua/wali yang menyetujui (Ani Safitri) (...) Mengetahui saksi-saksi 1. 2.

12 73 Lampiran 5. Spreadsheet data penelitian No Nama Usia (bulan) 1 NA 25 2 FF 19 3 FT 30 4 AF 33 5 AK 23 6 LS 32 7 SA 30 8 DA 32 9 MA ZP SH 34 Sex Pendidikan Ayah Pendidikan Ibu pekerjaan pekerjaa ayah n ibu Status ekonomi Bekerja Bekerja Pengasuh Pendidikan Jumlah pengasuh TV Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Perem puan SMA SMA Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Saudara SMA 1 buah Perem puan SMA Bekerja Bekerja Lakilaki Lakilaki SMA SMA Bekerja Perem puan TV di kamar Ada Ada Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Ada Bekerja Menengah Saudara SD 1 buah Bekerja Bekerja Saudara SMP Bekerja Bekerja Perem puan SMA SMA Bekerja Perem puan Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Bekerja Bekerja > 1buah Ada Ada Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Ada Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Ada Orang Lain SD 1 buah Ada Orang Lain SMA > 1buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Bekerja Bekerja Saudara SD 1 buah Ada Ada Ada Durasi menonton TV Onset menonton TV Program TV hiburan >2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya <1 jam dan 1-2 jam per hari 0-24 Bulan <1 jam dan 1-2 jam per hari 0-24 Bulan Edukasi hiburan >2 jam per hari dan 0-24 Bulan keduanya <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan <1 jam dan 1-2 jam per hari >24 Bulan <1 jam dan 1-2 jam per hari >24 Bulan <1 jam dan 1-2 jam per 0-24 Bulan Pendampingan Didampingi Didampingi Intepretasi Capute Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara Normal hiburan dan keduanya Didampingi Normal Didampingi Normal Suspek Keterlambatan Didampingi Bicara keduanya Didampingi Normal keduanya Didampingi Normal keduanya Didampingi Normal hiburan dan keduanya Didampingi Normal hiburan dan keduanya Didampingi Normal hiburan dan Didampingi Suspek Keterlambatan

13 74 12 CQ AD NI FA KB MQ MN HA TA BB MA AC 27 Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Orang Lain > 1buah Orang Lain SD 1 buah Orang Lain > 1buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Orang Lain SMA > 1buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Bekerja Bekerja Saudara SMA SMA Bekerja Bekerja Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki SMA SMA Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Perem puan Orang Lain SMA > 1buah > 1buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Bekerja Bekerja Saudara SD 1 buah Ada hari keduanya Bicara >2 jam per hari 0-24 Bulan Edukasi Didampingi Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara >2 jam per hari 0-24 Bulan Edukasi Didampingi hiburan >2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal >2 jam per hari 0-24 Bulan hiburan dan keduanya Didampingi Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara >2 jam per hari 0-24 Bulan Edukasi Didampingi <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan 1-2 jam per hari hiburan dan 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal

14 75 24 AA KM ER MAH ARJ AKA MKM AMI KTA CRY KZP ASD 32 Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki SMA Bekerja Bekerja Menengah SMA Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja SMA Bekerja Bekerja Menengah SMA Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Orang Lain SMA > 1buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Orang Lain Orang Lain Orang Lain Bekerja Bekerja Saudara Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja SD > 1buah Ada Ada Ada 1 buah Ada 1 buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Orang Lain Orang Lain Ada Ada 1 buah Ada 1 buah 1 buah Bekerja Bekerja Saudara SMP 1 buah Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada hiburan >2 jam per hari dan 0-24 Bulan keduanya <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan Didampingi Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara keduanya Didampingi Normal keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal hiburan >2 jam per hari dan 0-24 Bulan keduanya hiburan >2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan >2 jam per hari 0-24 Bulan Didampingi Didampingi Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara keduanya Didampingi Normal hiburan dan keduanya Didampingi Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara 36 KAT 23 Perem Bekerja Bekerja Orang SMA 1 buah <1 jam dan 0-24 Bulan hiburan Didampingi Normal

15 76 37 KSP MPA MPRN FJV ART ARL BGA 29 puan Lain Ada 1-2 jam per hari Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Perem puan Lakilaki Lakilaki Lakilaki SMA SMA Bekerja Bekerja Saudara SD Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Orang Lain Orang Lain Orang Lain SMP SMP SMA > 1buah > 1buah > 1buah > 1buah Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Saudara SD 1 buah Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Bekerja Bekerja Menengah Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Ada Orang Lain SMA 1 buah Ada dan keduanya hiburan >2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal hiburan >2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya <1 jam dan 1-2 jam per Didampingi Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara Suspek Keterlambatan Bicara hari >24 Bulan Edukasi Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari >24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal <1 jam dan hiburan 1-2 jam per dan hari 0-24 Bulan keduanya Didampingi Normal

16 77 Lampiran 6. Hasil analisis penelitian Durasi Durasi Descriptives Statistic Std. Error Usia dalam Bulan <1 Jam Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 19 Maximum 33 Range 14 Interquartile Range 10 Skewness Kurtosis Jam Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 15 Maximum 36 Range 21 Interquartile Range 9 Skewness Kurtosis >2 Jam Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 19

17 78 Durasi Menonton Televisi Maximum 34 Range 15 Interquartile Range 10 Skewness Kurtosis Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Usia dalam Bulan <1 Jam * a. Lilliefors Significance Correction 1-2 Jam >2 Jam * *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. Oneway Test of Homogeneity of Variances Usia dalam Bulan Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Usia dalam Bulan ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups Within Groups Onset Onset Descriptives Statistic Std. Error Usia dalam Bulan 0-24 Bulan Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 15 Maximum 36 Range 21

18 79 Interquartile Range 10 Skewness Kurtosis >24 Bulan Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 19 Maximum 34 Range 15 Interquartile Range 5 Skewness Kurtosis Onset Menonton Televisi Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Usia dalam Bulan 0-24 Bulan a. Lilliefors Significance Correction >24 Bulan Descriptives Onset Statistic Std. Error trans_usia 0-24 Bulan Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance.008 Std. Deviation Minimum 1.18 Maximum 1.56 Range.38 Interquartile Range.16 Skewness Kurtosis

19 80 >24 Bulan Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance.008 Std. Deviation Minimum 1.28 Maximum 1.53 Range.25 Interquartile Range.07 Skewness Kurtosis Tests of Normality Onset Menonton Televisi Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. trans_usia 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan a. Lilliefors Significance Correction Mann-Whitney Test Test Statistics b Usia dalam Bulan Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).922 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)].924 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Onset Program Televisi yang ditonton Descriptives Program Televisi yang ditonton Statistic Std. Error Usia dalam Bulan Edukasi Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median 33.00

20 81 Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 19 Maximum 34 Range 15 Interquartile Range 13 Skewness Kurtosis Hiburan Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 15 Maximum 35 Range 20 Interquartile Range 8 Skewness Kurtosis Keduanya Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 19 Maximum 36 Range 17 Interquartile Range 10 Skewness Kurtosis

21 82 Program Televisi yang ditonton Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Usia dalam Bulan Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya * a. Lilliefors Significance Correction *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. Oneway Test of Homogeneity of Variances Usia dalam Bulan Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Usia dalam Bulan ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups Within Groups Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Usia dalam Bulan Descriptives Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Statistic Std. Error Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 19 Maximum 34 Range 15 Interquartile Range 11 Skewness Kurtosis Didampingi Mean % Confidence Lower Bound 26.39

22 83 Interval for Mean Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance Std. Deviation Minimum 15 Maximum 36 Range 21 Interquartile Range 9 Skewness Kurtosis Usia dalam Bulan Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi a. Lilliefors Significance Correction Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig * Didampingi *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. Descriptives trans_usia Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Statistic Std. Error Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound % Trimmed Mean Median Variance.010 Std. Deviation Minimum 1.28 Maximum 1.53 Range.25 Interquartile Range.18 Skewness Kurtosis Didampingi Mean % Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound

23 84 5% Trimmed Mean Median Variance.008 Std. Deviation Minimum 1.18 Maximum 1.56 Range.38 Interquartile Range.13 Skewness Kurtosis Tests of Normality Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. trans_usia Didampingi * Didampingi a. Lilliefors Significance Correction *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. Mann-Whitney Test Test Statistics b Usia dalam Bulan Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).686 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)].694 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Jenis Kelamin * Durasi Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki Count Expected Count % within Durasi 40.0% 40.0% 61.5% 46.5% % of 9.3% 18.6% 18.6% 46.5% Perempuan Count

24 85 Expected Count % within Durasi 60.0% 60.0% 38.5% 53.5% % of 14.0% 27.9% 11.6% 53.5% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 1 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Durasi Menonton Televisi Most Extreme Differences Absolute.183 Positive.183 Negative.000 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.597 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).868 a. Grouping Variable: Jenis Kelamin Jenis Kelamin * Onset Onset 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 53.1% 27.3% 46.5% % of 39.5% 7.0% 46.5% Perempuan Count Expected Count

25 86 % within Onset Menonton Televisi 46.9% 72.7% 53.5% % of 34.9% 18.6% 53.5% Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction b Likelihood Ratio Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Jenis Kelamin * Program Televisi yang ditonton Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 40.0% 40.9% 56.3% 46.5% % of 4.7% 20.9% 20.9% 46.5% Perempuan Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 60.0% 59.1% 43.8% 53.5% % of 7.0% 30.2% 16.3% 53.5% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0%

26 87 Chi-Square Tests Df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square.973 a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Program Televisi yang ditonton Most Extreme Differences Absolute.146 Positive.146 Negative.000 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.476 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).977 a. Grouping Variable: Jenis Kelamin Jenis Kelamin * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 33.3% 48.6% 46.5% % of 4.7% 41.9% 46.5% Perempuan Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 66.7% 51.4% 53.5% % of 9.3% 44.2% 53.5% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0%

27 88 Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square.487 a Continuity Correction b Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Status Gizi * Durasi Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam Status Gizi Gizi Baik Count Expected Count % within Durasi Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Count Expected Count % within Durasi Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Status Gizi * Onset Onset 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan Status Gizi Gizi Baik Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Status Gizi * Program Televisi yang ditonton

28 89 Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya Status Gizi Gizi Baik Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Status Gizi * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi Status Gizi Gizi Baik Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah * Durasi Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam SMA Count Expected Count % within Durasi 40.0% 10.0%.0% 14.0% % of 9.3% 4.7%.0% 14.0% Count Expected Count

29 90 % within Durasi 60.0% 90.0% 100.0% 86.0% % of 14.0% 41.9% 30.2% 86.0% Count Expected Count % within Durasi Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah * Onset Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Onset Menonton Televisi 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan SMA Count Expected Count % within Onset 15.6% 9.1% 14.0% % of 11.6% 2.3% 14.0% Count Expected Count % within Onset 84.4% 90.9% 86.0% % of 62.8% 23.3% 86.0% Count Expected Count % within Onset Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah * Program Televisi yang ditonton Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya SMA Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 20.0% 18.2% 6.3% 14.0% % of 2.3% 9.3% 2.3% 14.0% Count Expected Count

30 91 Televisi yang ditonton 80.0% 81.8% 93.8% 86.0% % of 9.3% 41.9% 34.9% 86.0% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendidikan Terakhir Ayah Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi SMA Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 33.3% 10.8% 14.0% % of 4.7% 9.3% 14.0% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 66.7% 89.2% 86.0% % of 9.3% 76.7% 86.0% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu * Durasi Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam SMA Count Expected Count % within Durasi 60.0% 15.0% 7.7% 23.3%

31 92 % of 14.0% 7.0% 2.3% 23.3% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 40.0% 85.0% 92.3% 76.7% % of 9.3% 39.5% 27.9% 76.7% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 3 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Durasi Menonton Televisi Most Extreme Differences Absolute.479 Positive.000 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).059 a. Grouping Variable: Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu * Onset Onset Menonton Televisi Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan SMA Count Expected Count % within Onset 21.9% 27.3% 23.3% % of 16.3% 7.0% 23.3%

32 93 Count Expected Count % within Onset 78.1% 72.7% 76.7% % of 58.1% 18.6% 76.7% Count Expected Count % within Onset 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square.134 a Continuity Correction b Likelihood Ratio Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu * Program Televisi yang ditonton Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya SMA Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 20.0% 31.8% 12.5% 23.3% % of 2.3% 16.3% 4.7% 23.3% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 80.0% 68.2% 87.5% 76.7% % of 9.3% 34.9% 32.6% 76.7% Count Expected Count

33 94 Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 3 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Program Televisi yang ditonton Most Extreme Differences Absolute.224 Positive.021 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.621 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).835 a. Grouping Variable: Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendidikan Terakhir Ibu Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi SMA Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 50.0% 18.9% 23.3% % of 7.0% 16.3% 23.3% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 50.0% 81.1% 76.7% % of 7.0% 69.8% 76.7%

34 95 Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction b Likelihood Ratio Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Pekerjaan Ayah * Durasi Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam Pekerjaan Ayah Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Pekerjaan Ayah * Onset Onset 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan Pekerjaan Ayah Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

35 96 % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi Pekerjaan Ayah * Program Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya Pekerjaan Ayah Bekerja Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Pekerjaan Ayah * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi Pekerjaan Ayah Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Pekerjaan Ibu * Durasi Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam

36 97 Pekerjaan IBu Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Durasi 20.0% 5.0% 7.7% 9.3% % of 4.7% 2.3% 2.3% 9.3% Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Durasi 80.0% 95.0% 92.3% 90.7% % of 18.6% 44.2% 27.9% 90.7% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 3 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.93. Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Durasi Menonton Televisi Most Extreme Differences Absolute.295 Positive.000 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.562 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).911 a. Grouping Variable: Pekerjaan IBu Pekerjaan IBu * Onset Onset 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan Pekerjaan IBu Bekerja Count Expected Count

37 98 % within Onset Menonton Televisi 9.4% 9.1% 9.3% % of 7.0% 2.3% 9.3% Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 90.6% 90.9% 90.7% % of 67.4% 23.3% 90.7% Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests Df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square.001 a Continuity Correction b Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Pekerjaan IBu * Program Televisi yang ditonton Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya Pekerjaan IBu Bekerja Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 20.0% 4.5% 12.5% 9.3% % of 2.3% 2.3% 4.7% 9.3% Bekerja Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 80.0% 95.5% 87.5% 90.7% % of 9.3% 48.8% 32.6% 90.7% Count Expected Count

38 99 Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 4 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.47. Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Program Televisi yang ditonton Most Extreme Differences Absolute.147 Positive.141 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.281 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) a. Grouping Variable: Pekerjaan IBu Pekerjaan IBu * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi Pekerjaan IBu Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 50.0% 2.7% 9.3% % of 7.0% 2.3% 9.3% Bekerja Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 50.0% 97.3% 90.7% % of 7.0% 83.7% 90.7% Count Expected Count

39 100 % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction b Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.56. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Status Ekonomi * Durasi Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam Status Ekonomi Menengah Count Expected Count % within Durasi 50.0% 20.0% 23.1% 27.9% % of 11.6% 9.3% 7.0% 27.9% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 50.0% 80.0% 76.9% 72.1% % of 11.6% 37.2% 23.3% 72.1% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association

40 101 a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Durasi Menonton Televisi Most Extreme Differences Absolute.255 Positive.000 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.751 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).625 a. Grouping Variable: Status Ekonomi Status Ekonomi * Onset Onset 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan Status Ekonomi Menengah Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 21.9% 45.5% 27.9% % of 16.3% 11.6% 27.9% Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 78.1% 54.5% 72.1% % of 58.1% 14.0% 72.1% Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction b Likelihood Ratio Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association

41 102 a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Status Ekonomi * Program Televisi yang ditonton Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya Status Ekonomi Menengah Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 40.0% 36.4% 12.5% 27.9% % of 4.7% 18.6% 4.7% 27.9% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 60.0% 63.6% 87.5% 72.1% % of 7.0% 32.6% 32.6% 72.1% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 3 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Program Televisi yang ditonton Most Extreme Differences Absolute.285 Positive.000 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.838 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).484

42 103 Test Statistics a Program Televisi yang ditonton Most Extreme Differences Absolute.285 Positive.000 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.838 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).484 a. Grouping Variable: Status Ekonomi Status Ekonomi * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi Status Ekonomi Menengah Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 66.7% 21.6% 27.9% % of 9.3% 18.6% 27.9% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 33.3% 78.4% 72.1% % of 4.7% 67.4% 72.1% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction b Likelihood Ratio Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.67.

43 104 Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction b Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Pengasuh Anak * Durasi Durasi <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam Pengasuh Anak Saudara Count Expected Count % within Durasi 50.0% 10.0% 23.1% 23.3% % of 11.6% 4.7% 7.0% 23.3% Orang Lain Count Expected Count % within Durasi 50.0% 90.0% 76.9% 76.7% % of 11.6% 41.9% 23.3% 76.7% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 3 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

44 105 Test Statistics a Durasi Menonton Televisi Most Extreme Differences Absolute.348 Positive.000 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.965 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).309 a. Grouping Variable: Pengasuh Anak Pengasuh Anak * Onset Onset 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan Pengasuh Anak Saudara Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 25.0% 18.2% 23.3% % of 18.6% 4.7% 23.3% Orang Lain Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 75.0% 81.8% 76.7% % of 55.8% 20.9% 76.7% Count Expected Count % within Onset Menonton Televisi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 74.4% 25.6% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square.213 a Continuity Correction b Likelihood Ratio Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

45 106 Pengasuh Anak * Program Televisi yang ditonton Program Televisi yang ditonton Edukasi Hiburan Keduanya Pengasuh Anak Saudara Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 40.0% 18.2% 25.0% 23.3% % of 4.7% 9.3% 9.3% 23.3% Orang Lain Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 60.0% 81.8% 75.0% 76.7% % of 7.0% 41.9% 27.9% 76.7% Count Expected Count Televisi yang ditonton 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 11.6% 51.2% 37.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 3 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Program Televisi yang ditonton Most Extreme Differences Absolute.109 Positive.036 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.302 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) a. Grouping Variable: Pengasuh Anak Pengasuh Anak * Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh

46 107 Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh Didampingi Didampingi Pengasuh Anak Saudara Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 33.3% 21.6% 23.3% % of 4.7% 18.6% 23.3% Orang Lain Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 66.7% 78.4% 76.7% % of 9.3% 67.4% 76.7% Count Expected Count % within Pendampingan Orang Tua / Pengasuh 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 14.0% 86.0% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square.397 a Continuity Correction b Likelihood Ratio Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Pendidikan Terakhir Pengasuh Anak * Durasi Durasi Pendidikan Terakhir Pengasuh Anak <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam SD Count Expected Count % within Durasi 40.0% 15.0% 7.7% 18.6% % of 9.3% 7.0% 2.3% 18.6%

47 108 SMP Count Expected Count % within Durasi.0% 10.0% 15.4% 9.3% % of.0% 4.7% 4.7% 9.3% SMA Count Expected Count % within Durasi 50.0% 60.0% 53.8% 55.8% % of 11.6% 27.9% 16.3% 55.8% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 10.0% 15.0% 23.1% 16.3% % of 2.3% 7.0% 7.0% 16.3% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 9 cells (75.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.93. Pendidikan Terakhir Pengasuh * Durasi Durasi Pendidikan Terakhir Pengasuh <1 Jam 1-2 Jam >2 Jam SD-SMP Count SMA- Expected Count % within Durasi 40.0% 25.0% 23.1% 27.9% % of 9.3% 11.6% 7.0% 27.9% Count Expected Count

48 109 % within Durasi 60.0% 75.0% 76.9% 72.1% % of 14.0% 34.9% 23.3% 72.1% Count Expected Count % within Durasi 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of 23.3% 46.5% 30.2% 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig. (2- Pearson Chi-Square.962 a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Test Statistics a Durasi Menonton Televisi Most Extreme Differences Absolute.140 Positive.000 Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z.411 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed).996 a. Grouping Variable: Pendidikan Terakhir Pengasuh Pendidikan Terakhir Pengasuh Anak * Onset Onset Menonton Televisi Pendidikan Terakhir Pengasuh Anak 0-24 Bulan >24 Bulan SD Count Expected Count % within Onset 18.8% 18.2% 18.6% % of 14.0% 4.7% 18.6% SMP Count Expected Count % within Onset 12.5%.0% 9.3%