LAPORAN AKHIR INSENTIF PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENELITI DAN PEREKAYASA

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1 KODE JUDUL : X.176 LAPORAN AKHIR INSENTIF PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENELITI DAN PEREKAYASA PENGGUNAAN FEROMONOID SEKS Spodoptera exigua PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PERBAIKAN AMBANG PENGENDALIAN BERDASARKAN KELOMPOK TELUR DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN Peneliti/ Perekayasa : 1. Ir. Tonny K. Moekasan 2. Ir. Wiwin Setiawati, MS 3. Ir. Firdaus Hasan, MS INSENTIF PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENELITI DAN PEREKAYASA KEMENTERIAN RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI

2 LEMBAR IDENTITAS DAN PENGESAHAN Judul Kegiatan Penggunaan Feromonoid Seks Spodoptera exigua Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah Sebagai Upaya Perbaikan Ambang Pengendalian Berdasarkan Kelompok Telur Dan Intensitas Serangan Fokus Bidang Prioritas 1. Teknologi Pangan 2. Teknologi Kesehatan dan Obat 3. Teknologi Enerji 4. Teknologi Transportasi 5. Teknologi Informatika dan Komunikasi 6. Teknologi Pertahanan dan Keamanan 7. Teknologi Material Kode Produk Target 1.3. Kode Kegiatan Lokasi Penelitian Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Penelitian Tahun ke 1 (satu) Keterangan Lembaga Pelaksana/ Pengelola Penelitian A. Lembaga Pelaksanaan Penelitian Nama Peneliti Utama Ir. Tonny K. Moekasan Nama Lembaga/ Institusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Unit Organisasi Kementerian Pertanian Alamat Jl. Tangkuban Parahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat Telepon/ HP / Faksimile moekasan2004@yahoo.com 2

3 B. Lembaga lain yang terlibat (dapat lebih dari satu) Nama Pimpinan Ir. Firdaus Hasan, MS Nama Lembaga UPTD Balai Proteksi Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Alamat Jl. dr. Sam Ratulangi No. 69, Maros 90511, Sulawesi Selatan Telepon/ HP / Faksimile - - Jangka Waktu Kegiatan : 8 (delapan) bulan B i a y a : Rp ,- Menyetujui : Pj. Kepala Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Peneliti Utama, Dr. Liferdi, SP., MSi NIP Ir. Tonny K. Moekasan NIP

4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua is a major pest on shallot, which if not controlled can lead to crop failure. To overcome this problem generally shallot farmers apply insecticides intensively. This situation caused the shallot cultivation is no more efficient. One effort to reduce the intensive use of insecticide is to implement the control threshold of S. exigua. S.exigua control threshold can be based on population of egg clusters or plant damage. However, the control threshold are still difficult to implement at the farmer level because they are not practical, need expertise and precision. Therefore it is necessary to determine the easy and practical control threshold. Sex pheromone used as a monitoring tool for S.exigua population, and also used as a guideline for the use of insecticide on shallot. The experiment used sex pheromone of Spodoptera exigua as an effort to improve the control threshold based on the egg cluster and plant damage. The experiment had been carried out at Lakawan Village, Anggeraja Subdistrict (± 530 m asl), Enrekang District, South Sulawesi Province, since February until August Nine kinds of treatment tested in this experiment, namely: (A) S.exigua moth caught > 0 individual per day, (B) S.exigua moth caught 5 individual per day, (C) S.exigua moth caught 10 individual per day, (D) S.exigua moth caught 15 individual per day, (E) S.exigua moth caught 20 individual per day, (F) 0.1 egg cluster/ plant sample, (G) plant damage of 5%, (H) sprayed with insecticide 2 x/ week, and (I) check (without insecticides). The experiment used a randomized block design and each treatment was repeated three times. Bima variety was planted in each treatment plot of 30 m 2 with planting distance of 15 cm x 15 cm. Feromon Exi produced by Biogen Research Institute, Indonesian Agency of Agriculture Research and Development was used in the experiment. Five capsules of sex pheromone were placed diagonally in the trial field. In the beginning of the research, the researchers informed the purpose of the research and all activities would be done to the extension workers, pest observers and the farmers. They involved in the activity. The earlier experiment was done to determine the treatments. The advance experiment was done test the treatments, and the result showed that the old 4

5 thresholds could be replaced by threshold base on number of moth caught using. The budget of the research was IDR 150,000,000 (one hundred and fifty millions rupiahs). The money was managed by Research Collaboration Division in IVEGRI, and given to the researcher in three terms. The research produced an information that will be published in Journal of Horticulture, ICHORD, AARD. At the moment, the draft has been submitted to the editors of the journal. The money in the first term was too small, so that it disturbed the activity. Filling on line report was difficult because the database memory was too small. Results showed that control threshold based on the catch of the moth 10 individualal per day, was the most practical, easier, and precision compared with the control threshold based on 0.1 egg cluster/ plant or plant damage of 5%. Implementation of the control threshold, made the used of insecticide could be reduced by 35.71% with the yield of ton /ha that equal with the yield in the treatment using insecticide 2 times /week. Implementation of the control threshold is economically feasible to be adopted because it can increase net revenue and reduce cost of insecticide when compared with routinely application 2 times/ week. The recommendation based on the result of the research are : (1) for 1 hectare it is needed 5 traps placed diagonally in the field, (2) observation of the moth in the trap done since 5 days after planting with 3 days interval, and (3) if the moth population in the trap achieves more than 30 individual/ trap in the period of 3 days, the plants have to be sprayed with recommended insecticide. Food and Horticultural Crops Protection Institute will use Feromon Exi as a monitoring tool of S. exigua in the implementing control threshold based on number of moths caught in shallot cultivation in order to reduce use of insecticides. Food and Horticultural Crops Protection Institute in South Sulawesi responsible in controlling S. exigua in shallot cultivation. Therefore, the program can be integrated with the result of the research. This research was used as an IPM Field School and the farmers studied there, so that they would follow using Feromon Exi. 5

6 Farmers of Bubun Tanjung Farmers Group have used Feromon Exi and they testified that use of insecticide reduced about 30-50% compared with before using Feromon Exi. Control threshold based on number of moth caught will be determined as a guide in pest control program in shallot cultivation in South Sulawesi. 6